CN108661620B - Well drilling track control method based on zone centerline - Google Patents
Well drilling track control method based on zone centerline Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
Abstract
The invention provides a well drilling track control method based on a zone centerline, and belongs to the field of oil and gas development and exploration. The method comprises the following steps: the first step is as follows: collecting and processing three-dimensional seismic data to form a seismic profile; the second step is that: performing 0-1 scale on the trace data in the seismic section map to form seismic trace data consisting of 0-1; the third step: vectorizing an upper interface and a lower interface of a target stratum; the fourth step: obtaining the middle lines of an upper interface and a lower interface of a target stratum, namely a layer middle line; the fifth step: carrying out curve segmentation and linearization on the layer central line to obtain a starting coordinate point and an ending coordinate point of each segment and a linear equation of each segment to form a linear equation set; and a sixth step: acquiring the drilling inclination angle and the drilling distance of each section according to the linear equation of each section; the seventh step: and sequentially connecting the starting coordinate point and the ending coordinate point of each section to form an optimal drilling track.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas development and exploration, and particularly relates to a well drilling track control method based on a zone center line, which is used for acquiring a drilling inclination angle and a drilling distance in a well drilling process so as to guide a drilling engineer to quickly and accurately adjust a well drilling track.
Background
At present, in the technical field of drilling exploration and development of petroleum, natural gas and the like, a geosteering technology is widely applied in the process of horizontal well operation. At present, in the horizontal drilling construction process, the drilling track control requirement is high, particularly the drilling control requirement after the drilling track enters a reservoir is high, and the track needs to be ensured to pass through the reservoir. There are many well-established techniques for designing and controlling the trajectory of a wellbore in terms of how to access a reservoir. However, the prior art has the defects of how to optimize the design and control of the well track after entering the reservoir. Especially, under the conditions of more faults, more complex stratum interfaces, thin oil layers and heterogeneous reservoirs, the design and control of the well track are very difficult after the well enters the reservoirs. In the process of adopting geosteering well drilling, real-time decision analysis is needed according to the real drilling track and the response condition of logging-while-drilling data, a geological model is timely modified and a well drilling track is adjusted according to the change of the condition, and the original design track is often not suitable for the actual requirement. In order to improve the reservoir drilling rate, a set of reasonable track of the borehole to be drilled, which can respond quickly, needs to be designed first, so that the requirement of geosteering drilling can be met.
Due to the limitations of the spatial position and direction of the well bore and the different requirements of the drilling process, the well bore trajectory has to be designed in three dimensions. There can be numerous three-dimensional trajectory curves if solved by a theoretical geometric space. But designing and optimizing a reasonable wellbore trajectory is a challenge due to too many constraints. Particularly, the quick-response to-be-drilled well track can be efficiently realized through software, so that the well drilling operation efficiency can be improved, the ground cost is reduced, the well track control precision can be effectively improved, the drilling rate is improved, and the reservoir stratum is drilled to the greatest extent.
The control technology research on the drill track is very much at home and abroad, but the research on how to quickly and effectively realize the quick-response quick calculation of the track of the to-be-drilled well through software is less, and particularly, a solution is less for realizing effective, accurate, real-time and low-cost unattended automatic drilling.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a drilling track control method based on a zone centerline, which is used for carrying out real-time decision analysis according to the real drilling track and the response condition of logging-while-drilling data after the establishment of a to-be-drilled drilling track is finished, and timely modifying a geological model and adjusting a drilling track according to the change of the condition. Therefore, drilling personnel are guided to quickly and accurately adjust the inclination angle of the drilling track, the target layer is prevented from being perforated, and the track is ensured to run in the target layer. And a decision basis is provided for adjusting the drilling track and the drilling parameters, so that the drilling efficiency of the horizontal well and the drilling rate of a high-quality reservoir are improved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a drilling track control method based on a layer center line is disclosed, in the process of establishing a drilling track to be drilled, the method obtains the position of the layer center line according to the interface information of the horizontal section of the stratum to be drilled, and obtains a drilling inclination angle according to the coordinate information of the layer center line, and the drilling track is controlled and adjusted, and the method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: collecting and processing three-dimensional seismic data to form a seismic profile;
the second step is that: performing 0-1 scale on the trace data in the seismic section map to form seismic trace data consisting of 0-1;
the third step: vectorizing an upper interface and a lower interface of a target stratum;
the fourth step: obtaining the middle lines of an upper interface and a lower interface of a target stratum, namely a layer middle line;
the fifth step: carrying out curve segmentation and linearization on the layer central line to obtain a starting coordinate point and an ending coordinate point of each segment and a linear equation of each segment to form a linear equation set;
and a sixth step: acquiring the drilling inclination angle and the drilling distance of each section according to the linear equation of each section;
the seventh step: and sequentially connecting the starting coordinate point and the ending coordinate point of each section to form an optimal drilling track.
The first step is realized by:
collecting a time domain or depth domain three-dimensional seismic data volume after seismic processing of a drilling area;
and performing waveform characteristic and depth comparison processing on the three-dimensional seismic data volume, and extracting a seismic profile according to the requirement of the track of the borehole to be drilled designed by the target geology to form an n-row m-column group.
The second step is realized by:
calculating the track base value of the seismic channel data, searching the first n data of the track data, and calculating according to the following formula:
Baseval＝(VAL1+VAL2+…VALn)/n；
wherein Baseval is a channel base value, n is the number of data, and VAL 1-VALn are the first n data of one seismic channel;
setting 0-1 for all seismic channel data:
when VALi>Baseval, set to 1;
when VALi<Baseval, set to 0;
after the data processing, an array composed of 0 and 1 in n rows and m columns, namely a 0-1 array is formed, and the 0-1 array represents a two-dimensional plane figure composed of n rows and m columns of points.
The third step is realized by:
setting the number 1 adjacent to 0 in the 0-1 array as the number 2, thus forming a line and ring pattern consisting of a plurality of 2, and forming a new 0-1-2 array by the data;
the point with the value of 2 in the 0-1-2 array is the boundary point of the stratum, the upper side of the annular pattern or line represents the upper interface of the stratum, and the lower side of the annular pattern or line represents the lower interface of the stratum.
The fourth step is realized by:
associating 2 corresponding points in the 0-1-2 array with corresponding coordinate points in the in-situ seismic profile to form coordinate data of a stratum interface;
fitting the coordinate points to the boundary line of the target stratum by adopting a multi-point fitting algorithm:
respectively selecting characteristic points on an upper interface and a lower interface of a target stratum as sample points for curve fitting, and performing curve fitting on the sample points by adopting whole-segment fitting or segmented fitting to form a curve equation:
the upper interface fitting equation is: y is ax3+bx2+ cx + d. Wherein a, b, c and d are equation coefficients, and (x and y) are points on the upper interface;
the following interface fit equation is: y ' ═ a ' x '3+b’x’2+ c ' x ' + d '. Wherein a ', b', c ', d' are equation coefficients, and (x ', y') is a point on the lower interface;
in the horizontal section of the drilling track of the target stratum, coordinates of intermediate points of an upper interface and a lower interface of the stratum are calculated point by point according to an upper interface fitting equation and a lower interface fitting equation, and the intermediate points are connected to obtain a central line of the upper interface and the lower interface, namely a layer central line.
The fifth step is realized by:
calculating a linear equation of a point on the layer center line backward point by point with the point where the drill bit is located as a starting point, when the distance deviation between the point on the linear equation and the layer center line is larger than a set error, the track is still between the upper interface line and the lower interface line, and the distance between the upper interface line and the lower interface line simultaneously meets the drilling construction requirement, ending the first segmentation, and recording a starting coordinate point (x 0)1,y01) And an end coordinate point (x 0)2,y02) (ii) a Starting the linearization operation of the next section by the same method with the end point of the previous section as a starting point until all target well tracks are finished, recording the start coordinate point and the end coordinate point of each section, and constructing a linear equation of each section by using the start coordinate point and the end coordinate point of each section to form a linear equation set:
Y1＝b1X1+a1
Y2＝b2X2+a2
Y3＝b3X3+a3
......
Yk＝bkXk+ak。
the sixth step is realized by:
calculating the included angle alpha between each section and the horizontal plane as the basis of the drilling construction, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
α1＝180-actan(b1)
α2＝180-actan(b2)
α3＝180-actan(b3)
......
αk＝180-actan(bk)
calculating the distance D between the starting coordinate point and the ending coordinate point of each segment as the drilling distance:
D＝SQRT((Xp-Xq)2+(Yp-Yq)2)
p and q represent two different points.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the drilling track is designed and controlled by the midline method of the invention, which is suitable for the condition of vectorized upper and lower layer interface curves of the stratum. The method can enable a geosteering person or a drilling decision-making person to rapidly design a drilling track which accords with stratum characteristics after the drill bit drills into a target stratum, control the drilling angle of the track, ensure that the drilling construction maximally passes through the upper and lower interfaces of the stratum so as to prevent the drill bit from penetrating the stratum interface, shorten the construction time, reduce the construction cost, increase the drilling rate of a high-quality reservoir and increase the oil and gas yield.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vector stratigraphic interface
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the middle zone line (abbreviated as "midline") of the upper and lower bed boundaries
Figure 3 is a line segment linearization diagram
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the included angle between each linear segment and the horizontal plane after linearization
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an optimal trajectory
Fig. 6 software interface.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the invention provides a method for quickly responding to a track of a borehole to be drilled, which can be efficiently realized by computer software programming. According to the method, in the process of establishing the track of the borehole to be drilled, the position of the center line of the stratum is calculated according to the interface information of the stratum of the horizontal section to be drilled, and the optimal drilling inclination angle is calculated according to the coordinate information of the center line, so that the drilling track can be controlled and adjusted.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the first step is as follows: three-dimensional seismic data collection and processing
A three-dimensional seismic data volume in a time domain or a depth domain after seismic processing of a drilling area is collected. And performing waveform characteristic and depth comparison processing on the three-dimensional seismic data volume, and extracting a profile according to the requirement of a target geological designed borehole trajectory to form n rows and m columns of groups. The figure formed by the section array reflects the structure of the stratum, the position of the stratum interface and the trend in the horizontal direction.
The second step is that: the track data of the seismic section is scaled by 0-1 to form seismic track data consisting of 0-1
By the following formula:
calculating a seismic channel data base value, searching the first n data of the channel data, and calculating according to the following formula:
Baseval＝(VAL1+VAL2+…VALn)/n；
wherein Baseval is a trace base value, n is the number of data, and VAL 1-VALn are the first n data of one seismic trace.
Setting 0-1 for all seismic channel data:
when VALi>Baseval, set to 1;
when VALi<Baseval, set to 0;
after the data processing, an array (0-1 array for short) composed of 0 and 1 is formed, wherein n rows and m columns are formed, and the 0-1 array represents a two-dimensional plane figure composed of n rows and m columns of points.
For example:
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000011111111111111100000000000000111111111111111110000000
0001111111111111111111000000000011111111111111111111111000
0000011111111111111111111100000000111111111111111111100000
0000000000000111111111111111100000000111111111111111100000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
the third step: upper and lower boundary surfaces of vectorized formation
The number 1 adjacent to 0 in the 0-1 array (adjacent means that any position on the upper, lower, left and right sides has only one 0) is set as the number 2, so that a plurality of 2 lines (namely lines formed by a plurality of 2) and a ring pattern (the area enclosed by the 2 lines can be regarded as a ring pattern) are formed, and the data form a new 0-1-2 array. The point with the value "2" here is the boundary point of the formation, the upper side of the annular pattern or line represents the upper boundary of the formation and the lower side of the annular pattern or line represents the lower boundary of the formation, as follows:
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
0000022222222222222220000000000000022222222222222220000000
0002211111111111111112000000000022211111111111111112222000
0000022222222111111111111200000000211111111111111111200000
0000000000000222222222222000000002222222222222222222200000
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
the fourth step: calculating the center line of the upper and lower boundary surfaces of the target stratum
And (3) associating the 2 corresponding points of the 0-1-2 array with the corresponding coordinate points of the in-situ seismic profile to form the coordinate data of the stratum interface. And forming a stratum boundary line by using the coordinate points by adopting a multi-point fitting algorithm. Feature points such as A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2), C (x3, y3), D (x4, y4), E (x5, y5) and the like are selected on the upper interface and the lower interface of the target stratum respectively and used as sample points for curve fitting, the selected number depends on the smoothness degree of the curve, and fewer points can be selected for fitting on the smooth stratum, so that the calculation time can be reduced. And (3) performing curve fitting on the points to form a curve equation:
the upper interface fitting equation is: y is ax3+bx2+ cx + d. Wherein a, b, c and d are equation coefficients, and (x and y) are points on the upper interface.
The following interface fit equation is: y ' ═ a ' x '3+b’x’2+ c ' x ' + d '. Wherein a ', b', c ', d' are equation coefficients, and (x ', y') is a point on the lower interface.
The section can carry out the piecewise fitting according to the requirement, and if the piecewise fitting is carried out, the subsequent steps are the same. Calculating a point between the two curves according to the equation, calculating the coordinates of the middle point of the upper and lower interfaces of the stratum point by point in the horizontal section of the drilling track of the target stratum, and connecting the points to form a central line; and forming a middle stratum line of an upper stratum interface and a lower stratum interface, which is called a layer middle line for short.
The fifth step: curve linearization (piecewise changing curve into straight line)
The purpose of the linearization curve is to facilitate the control of drilling according to a certain angle in the drilling construction, reduce the change of the drilling angle and realize the rapid drilling.
Calculating a straight line equation of points on the middle line backward point by taking the point where the drill bit is located as a starting point, when the distance deviation between the point on the equation and the middle line is more than a certain error (such as 50 percent), the error is determined according to the design requirement of the track, the track is also between an upper boundary line and a lower boundary line, and the distance between the upper boundary line and the lower boundary line can meet the drilling construction requirement, ending the first segmentation, and recording a starting coordinate point (x 0)1,y01) And an end coordinate point (x 0)2,y02) (ii) a Starting from the end point of the previous section, starting the next section of linearization operation until all target borehole trajectories (in oil drilling, the borehole trajectories refer to all position coordinate points connecting lines of the stratum penetrated by the drilled well, and the end point end position of the centerline of the layer is required to be consistent with the end position of the target borehole trajectory), and recording the start and end coordinate points of each section. As shown in fig. 3, a midline segment linearization diagram is formed.
Forming a set of piecewise linear equations
And (3) constructing respective linear equations by using the start-stop coordinate points of each section to form an equation set:
Y1＝b1X1+a1
Y2＝b2X2+a2
Y3＝b3X3+a3
......
Yk＝bkXk+ak
and a sixth step: calculating drilling inclination angle and drilling distance
As shown in fig. 4, the included angle α between each line segment after being linearized and the horizontal plane is calculated and used as the basis for drilling construction. The calculation formula is as follows:
α1＝180-actan(b1)
α2＝180-actan(b2)
α3＝180-actan(b3)
......
αk＝180-actan(bk)
calculating the distance between the head and the tail of each section as the drilling distance:
D＝SQRT((Xp-Xq)2+(Yp-Yq)2)
p and q represent two different points.
The seventh step: the section points are connected in sequence to form an optimal drilling track, the formed optimal track is shown in figure 5, and finally, an interface realized in software is shown in figure 6.
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas development and exploration, in particular to a method for enabling a geosteering person or a drilling decision-making person to rapidly design a drilling track according with stratum characteristics after a drill bit drills into a target stratum, controlling the drilling angle of the track and ensuring that drilling construction can maximally pass through upper and lower interfaces of the stratum. The achievement of the invention is applied to the while-drilling geosteering, so that the geosteering efficiency is effectively improved, and the market demand is very good.
The above-described embodiment is only one embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be easily made based on the application and principle of the present invention disclosed in the present application, and the present invention is not limited to the method described in the above-described embodiment of the present invention, so that the above-described embodiment is only preferred, and not restrictive.
Claims (4)
1. A drilling track control method based on a zone centerline is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: collecting and processing three-dimensional seismic data to form a seismic profile;
the second step is that: performing 0-1 scale on the trace data in the seismic profile to form seismic trace data consisting of 0-1, namely a 0-1 array;
the third step: vectorizing an upper interface and a lower interface of a target stratum;
the fourth step: obtaining the middle lines of an upper interface and a lower interface of a target stratum, namely a layer middle line;
the fifth step: carrying out curve segmentation and linearization on the layer central line to obtain a starting coordinate point and an ending coordinate point of each segment and a linear equation of each segment to form a linear equation set;
and a sixth step: acquiring the drilling inclination angle and the drilling distance of each section according to the linear equation of each section;
the seventh step: sequentially connecting the initial coordinate point and the end coordinate point of each section to form an optimal drilling track;
the second step is realized by:
calculating the track base value of the seismic channel data, searching the first n data of the track data, and calculating according to the following formula:
Baseval＝(VAL1+VAL2+…VALn)/n；
wherein Baseval is a channel base value, n is the number of data, and VAL 1-VALn are the first n data of one seismic channel;
setting 0-1 for all seismic channel data:
when VALi>Baseval, set to 1;
when VALi<Baseval, set to 0;
after the data processing, an array which is n rows and m columns and is composed of 0 and 1, namely a 0-1 array is formed, and the 0-1 array represents a two-dimensional plane graph which is composed of n rows and m columns of points;
the third step is realized by:
setting the number 1 adjacent to 0 in the 0-1 array as the number 2, thus forming a line and ring pattern consisting of a plurality of 2, and forming a new 0-1-2 array by the data;
the point with the median value of 2 in the 0-1-2 array is the boundary point of the stratum, the upper side of the annular pattern or line represents the upper interface of the stratum, and the lower side of the annular pattern or line represents the lower interface of the stratum;
the fourth step is realized by:
associating 2 corresponding points in the 0-1-2 array with corresponding coordinate points in the in-situ seismic profile to form coordinate data of a stratum interface;
fitting the coordinate points to the boundary line of the target stratum by adopting a multi-point fitting algorithm:
respectively selecting characteristic points on an upper interface and a lower interface of a target stratum as sample points for curve fitting, and performing curve fitting on the sample points by adopting whole-segment fitting or segmented fitting to form a curve equation:
the upper interface fitting equation is: y is ax3+bx2+ cx + d, where a, b, c, d are equation coefficients and (x, y) is a point on the upper interface;
the following interface fit equation is: y ' ═ a ' x '3+b’x’2+ c ' x ' + d ', where a ', b ', c ', d ' are the coefficients of the equation and (x ', y ') is a point on the lower interface;
in the horizontal section of the drilling track of the target stratum, coordinates of intermediate points of an upper interface and a lower interface of the stratum are calculated point by point according to an upper interface fitting equation and a lower interface fitting equation, and the intermediate points are connected to obtain a central line of the upper interface and the lower interface, namely a layer central line.
2. The zonal centerline-based drilling trajectory control method of claim 1, wherein: the first step is realized by:
collecting a time domain or depth domain three-dimensional seismic data volume after seismic processing of a drilling area;
and performing waveform characteristic and depth comparison processing on the three-dimensional seismic data volume, and extracting a seismic profile according to the requirement of the track of the borehole to be drilled designed by the target geology to form an n-row m-column group.
3. The zonal centerline-based drilling trajectory control method of claim 2, wherein: the fifth step is realized by:
calculating a linear equation of a point on the layer center line backward point by point with the point where the drill bit is located as a starting point, when the distance deviation between the point on the linear equation and the layer center line is larger than a set error, the track is still between the upper interface line and the lower interface line, and the distance between the upper interface line and the lower interface line simultaneously meets the drilling construction requirement, ending the first segmentation, and recording a starting coordinate point (x 0)1,y01) And an end coordinate point (x 0)2,y02) (ii) a Starting the linearization operation of the next section by the same method with the end point of the previous section as a starting point until all target well tracks are finished, recording the start coordinate point and the end coordinate point of each section, and constructing a linear equation of each section by using the start coordinate point and the end coordinate point of each section to form a linear equation set:
Y1＝b1X1+a1
Y2＝b2X2+a2
Y3＝b3X3+a3
......
Yk＝bkXk+ak。
4. the zonal centerline-based drilling trajectory control method of claim 3, wherein: the sixth step is realized by:
calculating the included angle alpha between each section and the horizontal plane as the basis of the drilling construction, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
α1＝180-actan(b1)
α2＝180-actan(b2)
α3＝180-actan(b3)
......
αk＝180-actan(bk)
calculating the distance D between the starting coordinate point and the ending coordinate point of each segment as the drilling distance:
D＝SQRT((Xp-Xq)2+(Yp-Yq)2)
p and q represent two different points.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4841490A (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1989-06-20 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Inversion of a vertical seismic profile by minimization of an entropy like function |
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| US4228529A (en) * | 1979-02-28 | 1980-10-14 | Western Geophysical Co. Of America | Method for displaying seismic data |
| US8875806B2 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2014-11-04 | Danny T. Williams | Formation dip geo-steering method |
| US8000168B2 (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2011-08-16 | Conocophillips Company | Dynamic source parameter selection for seismic vibrator data acquisition |
| US8548782B2 (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2013-10-01 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Method for modeling deformation in subsurface strata |
| CA2854666C (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2016-06-28 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Methods for geosteering a drill bit in real time using drilling acoustic signals |
| CN103713322A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2014-04-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Orientation higher-order coherent amplitude change-rate crack detection method |
| US20140301165A1 (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-09 | Westerngeco L.L.C. | Seismic data processing using joint tomography |
| CN103174413B (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2017-08-08 | 中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院 | A kind of drilling tool and downhole drill detection reservoir interface and the method for thickness |
| US9588244B2 (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2017-03-07 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Predicting interbed multiples in seismic data using beam decomposition |
| CN105298388A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-02-03 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Horizontal well drilling path guiding method and device |
| CN106050143B (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2019-05-07 | 中煤科工集团西安研究院有限公司 | Downhole orientation hole concordant guide digging system and method based on formation lithology identification |
| CN106437512B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-09-18 | 中国石油集团渤海钻探工程有限公司 | A kind of shale gas horizontal well landing path drilling tracking regulation and control method |
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| US4841490A (en) * | 1987-06-19 | 1989-06-20 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Inversion of a vertical seismic profile by minimization of an entropy like function |
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