CN108660250B - 一种鹅掌楸林分后代树种类型的鉴定方法 - Google Patents

一种鹅掌楸林分后代树种类型的鉴定方法 Download PDF

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CN108660250B
CN108660250B CN201810543424.0A CN201810543424A CN108660250B CN 108660250 B CN108660250 B CN 108660250B CN 201810543424 A CN201810543424 A CN 201810543424A CN 108660250 B CN108660250 B CN 108660250B
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陈金慧
龙晓飞
肖保荣
章文鑫
王宇浩
王鹏凯
施季森
胡凌峰
杨立明
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种鹅掌楸林分后代树种类型的鉴定方法及其专用试剂盒,该方法包括:1)提取后代树种的叶片DNA;2)进行SSR‑PCR检测;3)后代树种判定,电泳能特异性扩增出112bp的产物为中国鹅掌楸,能特异性扩增出124bp的产物为北美鹅掌楸,能特异性扩增出112bp和124bp 2种产物为杂交鹅掌楸。本发明的鹅掌楸林分后代树种类型的鉴定方法,具有重复性与稳定性好等优点,既可对鹅掌楸天然林以及人工林后代树种类型,进行有效鉴定,尤其是处于幼苗阶段的鹅掌楸天然林人工林的后代,又可对种子园的种子是中国种、北美种、还是杂交种进行鉴定,速度快,效率高,结果准确,具有很好的实用性。

Description

一种鹅掌楸林分后代树种类型的鉴定方法
技术领域
本发明属于树种鉴定技术领域,具体涉及一种鹅掌楸林分后代树种类型的鉴定方法。
背景技术
鹅掌楸属(Liriodendron L.)是木兰科(Magnoliaceae)植物,属古老属种之一。现包括三个种:中国鹅掌楸(Liriodendron chinense(Hemsl.)Sarg.),北美鹅掌楸(Liriodendron tulipifera Linn.)以及两者杂交种杂交鹅掌楸Liriodendron chinense×tulipifera。鹅掌楸属植物是研究植物进化历史进程的理想材料,具有重要的研究意义。
中国鹅掌楸树干通直,可用作木材,马褂形三裂叶片,具有较高的观赏价值属于国家二级珍稀濒危保护植物。北美鹅掌楸材质优良,淡黄褐色,纹理密致美观,切削性光滑,易施工,为船舱,火车内部装修及室内高级家具用材,为美国重要用材树种之一。杂交鹅掌楸具杂交优势,抗逆性与生长特性均明显优于中国种和美国种。但由于鹅掌楸属植物自然授粉不良,发芽率低,现在得到杂交种的方式主要为人工授粉或嫁接繁殖。现有的方法都相对来说比较繁杂,人们一直在寻找更加方便有效的方法。
传统的杂交鹅掌楸鉴定主要依据其与两亲本种在形态特征(刘玉新等, 2014)、木材解剖(王丰等,2014)和同工酶酶谱(丁小飞等,2009)等方面的差异。但形态特征在苗期差异并不明显且易受环境条件影响,解剖方法在苗期也不易实现,同工酶标记受基因表达限制也会影响使用,因此,现有的品种鉴定方法,并不能完全满足使用需求。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术中存在的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种鹅掌楸林分后代树种类型的鉴定方法,满足对鹅掌楸天然林和人工林后代树种类型的鉴定使用需求,尤其是幼苗阶段的鹅掌楸天然林以及人工林的后代。
技术方案:为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种鹅掌楸林分后代树种类型的鉴定方法,包括以下步骤:
1)提取后代树种的叶片DNA;
2)进行PCR检测;
3)后代树种判定,电泳能特异性扩增出112bp的产物为中国鹅掌楸,能特异性扩增出124bp的产物为北美鹅掌楸,能特异性扩增出112bp和124bp 2种产物为杂交鹅掌楸。
步骤1)中,叶片为刚展开的嫩叶,液氮处理后放置-80℃备用。
步骤1)中,DNA提取采用CTAB法进行。
步骤2)中,PCR扩增的10μL体系为:75ng基因组DNA,1.0μL 10×PCR Buffer,1.2μL2.5mM/L MgCl,0.2μL 10mM/L dNTP,0.5μL 10μM/L左端引物119F, 0.5μL 10μM/L右端引物119R和0.5个单位Taq酶,ddH2O补足10μL。
步骤2)中,PCR扩增所使用的引物序列如下:
119F:TACCATCCGTTAGTGCTTCCGCTCCTG;
119R:CTTAGAATCGGGCATTCCACGCATCCA。
步骤2)中,采用Touch-down PCR扩增程序:94℃预变性5min,94℃变性 15s,61℃复性15s,72℃延伸30s,9个循环;94℃变性15s,52℃复性15s,72℃延伸30s,15个循环,72℃延伸10min,4℃保存。
所述的鹅掌楸林分后代树种类型的鉴定方法的专用试剂盒,至少包括用量为 1次以上的引物试剂,所述的引物试剂的引物序列为: 119F:TACCATCCGTTAGTGCTTCCGCTCCTG;119R: CTTAGAATCGGGCATTCCACGCATCCA。
所述的专用试剂盒,还包括DNA标样试剂,所述的DNA标样至少包含112bp 和124bp两个条带。
所述的专用试剂盒,还包括DNA提取试剂、电泳试剂。
所述的专用试剂盒在鹅掌楸林分后代树种类型的鉴定中的应用。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明的鹅掌楸林分后代树种类型的鉴定方法及其专用试剂盒,具有重复性好、稳定性好等优点,既可对鹅掌楸天然林以及人工林后代树种类型,进行有效鉴定,尤其是处于幼苗阶段的鹅掌楸天然林人工林的后代,又可对种子园的种子是中国种、北美种、还是杂交种进行鉴定,速度快,效率高,结果准确,具有很好的实用性。
附图说明
图1是鹅掌楸各种源条带的电泳结果图;
图2是母树条带的电泳结果图:图中,泳道M为Marker,1为中国鹅掌楸标准种,2为北美鹅掌楸标准种,3为杂交鹅掌楸标准种,4-8中国鹅掌楸Z1-Z5, 9-13为北美鹅掌楸B1-B8;
图3是引物119和引物LT008扩增产物3%琼脂糖凝胶电泳比较结果图;图中,a、b为引物119扩增产物,c、d为引物LT008扩增产物;
图4是引物39和引物77各种源条带的3%琼脂糖凝胶电泳图;
图5是检测统计结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种鹅掌楸林分后代树种类型的鉴定方法,具体步骤如下:
1)本实施例的实验材料采自浙江安吉龙山林场的鹅掌楸种源试验林及其自由授粉子代。林场试验林中十棵母树分别为五棵中国种(Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4、Z5),五棵美国种(B1、B2、B3、B4、B5),子代各占一小块地,没有严格的区组设计,每块地子代数量不等,均逐一采集。在取样时应注意取健康植株上刚展开的嫩叶,液氮处理后放置-80℃备用,直到用于实验。
2)DNA提取及检测
DNA提取采用CTAB法进行实验操作;DNA质量检测采用NANODROP仪器分析检测;PCR反应体系采用10μL体系(75ng基因组DNA,1.0μL 10×PCR Buffer,1.2μL 2.5mM/L MgCl,0.2μL 10mM/L dNTP,0.5μL 10μM/L左端引物 119F,0.5μL 10μM/L右端引物119R和0.5个单位Taq酶,ddH2O补足10μL,引物序列:119F:TACCATCCGTTAGTGCTTCCGCTCCTG;119R:CTTAGAATCGGGCATTCCACGCATCCA;PCR扩增程序:94℃预变性5min, 94℃变性30s,52℃复性30s,72℃延伸30s,35个循环,72℃延伸10min,4℃保存。
3)引物来源和PCR反应体系
PCR扩增的10μL体系为:75ng基因组DNA,1.0μL 10×PCR Buffer,1.2μL 2.5mM/LMgCl,0.2μL 10mM/L dNTP,0.5μL 10μM/L左端引物119F,0.5μL 10μM/L右端引物119R和0.5个单位Taq酶,ddH2O补足10μL。
PCR扩增所使用的引物序列如下:
119F:TACCATCCGTTAGTGCTTCCGCTCCTG;
119R:CTTAGAATCGGGCATTCCACGCATCCA。
采用Touch-down PCR扩增程序:94℃预变性5min,94℃变性15s,61℃复性15s(△℃=-1),72℃延伸30s,9个循环;94℃变性15s,52℃复性15s,72℃延伸30s,15个循环,72℃延伸10min,4℃保存。
3)反应产物检验
PCR产物采用8%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测。marker选用takara公司50bp marker。
1、各种源条带情况:如图1所示,引物119在中国鹅掌楸中特异性扩增出 112bp的产物,在北美鹅掌楸中特异性扩增出124bp的产物,在杂交鹅掌楸中特异性扩增出112bp和124bp 2种产物。
2、母树条带情况:如图2所示,利用3%的琼脂糖电泳检测十棵母树的条带情况。引物119在五棵中国种母树(Z1-Z5)中均特异性扩增出112bp的产物,在五棵美国种母树(B1-B5)中均特异性扩增出124bp的产物,符合预期,证明了十棵母树亲本是纯合的。
3、子代检测情况:原所采十棵母树子代样品共317份,其中多次电泳检测结果不可区分辨识或无条带的共33份,同时也出现了检测结果与实际情况不符的共30份(如中国种母本采集样地出现美国种子代),将这两种情况不计入总数,共254份样品。检测统计结果如表1所示,254份样品中,杂交种子代数为42,中国种子代数为79,美国种子代数为133。
表1子代检测情况
Figure RE-GDA0001738987800000051
4、引物119和引物LT008比较:如图3所示,利用引物119和LT008(CN 101348830A,LT008F和LT008R)分别对同样的样本进行检测,根据凝胶电泳的结果判别,两对引物对样本的鉴定结果一致。LT008系引物,在鹅掌楸中特异性扩增出190bp的产物,在北美鹅掌楸中特异性扩增出180bp的产物,在杂交鹅掌楸中特异性扩增出180bp和190bp两种产物。在相同电泳条件下,引物119在中国鹅掌楸中特异性扩增出112bp的产物,在北美鹅掌楸中特异性扩增出124bp 的产物,在杂交鹅掌楸中特异性扩增出112bp和124bp 2种产物,其结果更易判别,尤其体现在对中国种源(L.chinense)和美国种源(L.tuilipfera)的鉴定上。
5、一般性引物扩增情况:如图4所示,其他一般引物例如引物39和引物 77(引物3939F:CCACCTCTCGCAAAATCTCC;39R: CCTGCAACGTCTCCCTCCTT。引物77 77F:CTTTCTGTATGGGAGTGGGT;77R:TGACGAGTCGGAGTATGGTT。)对样本的扩增没有指示作用,不能根据产物大小对中国鹅掌楸、北美鹅掌楸和杂交鹅掌楸进行特异性判定。
实施例2
实施例1的方法的专用试剂盒,至少包括用量为1次以上的引物试剂,该引物试剂共有1对引物,用量可以为25次检测以上,具体引物序列为:
119F:TACCATCCGTTAGTGCTTCCGCTCCTG;
119R:CTTAGAATCGGGCATTCCACGCATCCA。
优选该专用试剂盒,包括25次检测以上用量的DNA标样试剂、25次检测以上用量的DNA提取试剂、25次检测以上用量的PCR试剂、25次检测以上用量的电泳试剂;其中,
DNA标样至少包含112bp和124bp 2个条带;
DNA提取试剂:CTAB法所采用的必要试剂;
PCR试剂:PCR扩增的体系的常规试剂;
电泳试剂:常规电泳试剂。
实施例3
使用实施例2的专用试剂盒进行杂交鹅掌楸林分后代树种类型的鉴定方法,具体步骤如下:
1)本实施例的实验材料采自浙江安吉龙山林场的鹅掌楸种源试验林中无人工干预天然林。在林中随机不重复取样,共获得107个样本。在取样时应注意取健康植株上刚展开的嫩叶,液氮处理后放置-80℃备用,直到用于实验。
2)DNA提取及检测
DNA提取采用CTAB法进行实验操作;DNA质量检测采用NANODROP软件分析检测;PCR反应体系采用10μL体系(75ng基因组DNA,1.0μL 10×PCR Buffer,1.2μL 2.5mM/L MgCl,0.2μL 10mM/L dNTP,0.5μL 10μM/L左端引物 119F,0.5μL 10μM/L右端引物119R和0.5个单位Taq酶,ddH2O补足10μL,引物序列:119F:TACCATCCGTTAGTGCTTCCGCTCCTG;119R:CTTAGAATCGGGCATTCCACGCATCCA;PCR扩增程序:94℃预变性5min, 94℃变性30s,52℃复性30s,72℃延伸30s,35个循环,72℃延伸10min,4℃保存。
3)引物来源和PCR反应体系
PCR扩增的10μL体系为:75ng基因组DNA,1.0μL 10×PCR Buffer,1.2μL 2.5mM/LMgCl,0.2μL 10mM/L dNTP,0.5μL 10μM/L左端引物119F,0.5μL 10μM/L右端引物119R和0.5个单位Taq酶,ddH2O补足10μL。
PCR扩增所使用的引物序列如下:
119F:TACCATCCGTTAGTGCTTCCGCTCCTG;
119R:CTTAGAATCGGGCATTCCACGCATCCA。
采用Touch-down PCR扩增程序:94℃预变性5min,94℃变性15s,61℃复性15s(△℃=-1),72℃延伸30s,9个循环;94℃变性15s,52℃复性15s,72℃延伸30s,15个循环,72℃延伸10min,4℃保存。
3)PCR反应产物检验
PCR产物采用3%琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测。marker选用试剂盒标样。
天然林分后代检测情况:引物119在中国鹅掌楸中特异性扩增出112bp的产物,在北美鹅掌楸中特异性扩增出124bp的产物,在杂交鹅掌楸中特异性扩增出 112bp和124bp 2种产物。天然林中随机取样共获得107份样本,其中多次电泳检测结果不可区分辨识或无条带的共13份,实际可以判别的共94份样品。检测统计结果如图5所示,94份样品中,经检测天然林分后代中有68份样品为中国鹅掌楸,10份样品为北美鹅掌楸,16份样品为杂交鹅掌楸。
SEQUENCE LISTING
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Claims (5)

1.一种鹅掌楸林分后代树种类型的鉴定方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)采用CTAB法提取后代树种的叶片DNA;其中,叶片为刚展开的嫩叶,液氮处理后放置-80℃备用;
2)进行PCR检测;PCR扩增所使用的引物序列如下:
119F: TACCATCCGTTAGTGCTTCCGCTCCTG;
119R: CTTAGAATCGGGCATTCCACGCATCCA;
PCR扩增的10μL体系为:75 ng 基因组DNA,1.0μL 10× PCR Buffer,1.2μL 2.5 mMMgCl2,0.2μL 10mM dNTP,0.5μL 10μM左端引物119F,0.5μL 10μM右端引物119R和0.5个单位Taq酶,ddH2O补足10μL;
采用Touch-down PCR扩增程序:94℃预变性5min,94℃变性15s,61℃复性15s,72℃延伸30s,9个循环;94℃变性15s,52℃复性15s,72℃延伸30s,15个循环,72℃延伸10min,4℃保存;
3)后代树种判定,电泳能特异性扩增出112bp的产物为中国鹅掌楸,能特异性扩增出124bp的产物为北美鹅掌楸,能特异性扩增出112bp和124bp 2种产物为杂交鹅掌楸。
2.权利要求1所述的鹅掌楸林分后代树种类型的鉴定方法的专用试剂盒,其特征在于,至少包括用量为1次以上的引物试剂,所述的引物试剂的引物序列为:119F:TACCATCCGTTAGTGCTTCCGCTCCTG;
119R:CTTAGAATCGGGCATTCCACGCATCCA。
3.根据权利要求2所述的专用试剂盒,其特征在于,还包括DNA标样试剂,所述的DNA标样至少包含112bp和124bp两个条带。
4.根据权利要求3所述的专用试剂盒,其特征在于,还包括DNA提取试剂、电泳试剂。
5.权利要求2-4任一项所述的专用试剂盒在鹅掌楸林分后代树种类型的鉴定中的应用。
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