CN108658620A - The method for preparing porous material with solid waste - Google Patents

The method for preparing porous material with solid waste Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108658620A
CN108658620A CN201810514657.8A CN201810514657A CN108658620A CN 108658620 A CN108658620 A CN 108658620A CN 201810514657 A CN201810514657 A CN 201810514657A CN 108658620 A CN108658620 A CN 108658620A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
porous material
solid waste
waste
preparing porous
agent
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Pending
Application number
CN201810514657.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
孙晓龙
葛利丫
王锦顺
廖超毅
林宇童
杨为中
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Nanjing New Environment Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Nanjing New Environment Protection Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201810514657.8A priority Critical patent/CN108658620A/en
Publication of CN108658620A publication Critical patent/CN108658620A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/06—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by burning-out added substances by burning natural expanding materials or by sublimating or melting out added substances
    • C04B38/063—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B38/0635—Compounding ingredients
    • C04B38/0645—Burnable, meltable, sublimable materials
    • C04B38/068—Carbonaceous materials, e.g. coal, carbon, graphite, hydrocarbons
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
    • A01G24/42—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure of granular or aggregated structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
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    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
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Abstract

The invention belongs to a kind of methods preparing porous material with solid waste in field of environment protection; by weight; by solid waste masterbatch 50~97%; forming agent 1~20%; foaming agent 1~15%, fluxing agent 1~15% are uniformly mixed; through blank forming, microwave heating and annealing, porous material is made.Firing time is longer when preparing porous material the present invention overcomes existing solid waste, high energy consumption, to process control needs harshness, and the defect that the porous material property of production is difficult to control, the method sintering time that porous material is prepared with solid waste provided is short, particle size and reconfigurable, bulk density, pore size, hole rate of closed hole all can the adjustment in a wide range of.

Description

The method for preparing porous material with solid waste
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of environment protection, and in particular to a method of preparing porous material with solid waste.
Background technology
With industry and economic rapid development, a large amount of municipal administrations, agricultural and industrial solid wastes generate therewith.Processing at present The main method of these solid waste is landfill and burns.But landfill disposal can also in addition to there is potential risk of environmental pollution Occupy a large amount of valuable land resources.Burning will produce various air pollutants and toxic burning ash by-product, and very much The calorific value of solid waste is low, is not suitable for burning disposal.Thus, it converts solid waste to valuable resource and recycles Have become Solid Waste Treatment most ideal method generally acknowledged both at home and abroad.The technology of reclamation of solid wastes is focused primarily upon solid Waste is converted into construction material, such as the production addition by various lime-ash and sludge for concrete, cement, brick, ceramics building materials Material, also have by agricultural and garden wastes be converted into the sorbing materials such as activated carbon for agricultural and field of environment protection.These technologies are total to Same point is requirement solid waste feedstock property stable homogeneous, and the new material performance of conversion generation and value are relatively low, using neck Domain is relatively narrow, in addition, when containing higher moisture and organic matter in solid waste, the property of product can be influenced for building materials Can, the difficulty of large-scale application is larger.Also the technology of useful solid waste manufacture porous light material, is by kilns such as rotary kilns Firing process converts clay and some solid waste to porous material in 850-1300 degrees centigrades.The porous material can The soil-less culture medium of light material or horticultural industry as building trade.It is useless to various solids because its added value of product is higher The advantages such as the admissibility of object is wider, are becoming the focus of changing waste into resources research.But kiln firing process firing time compared with Long, high energy consumption, to process control needs harshness, and the porous material property produced is difficult to control.These technological deficiencies be due to Caused by formula design and the limitation of kiln firing process itself, become the major obstacle of this method large-scale promotion.
Invention content
Firing time is longer when the purpose of the invention is to overcome existing solid waste to prepare porous material, high energy consumption, To process control needs harshness, and the defect that the porous material property that produces is uncontrollable, it is short to provide a kind of sintering time, particle Size and shape are adjustable, bulk density, pore size, hole rate of closed hole can all adjust in a wide range of with solid waste system The method of standby porous material.
The purpose of the present invention is what is be achieved through the following technical solutions：
The method for preparing porous material with solid waste of the present invention, it is characterised in that by weight, by solid waste mother Material 50~97%, forming agent 1~20%, foaming agent 1~15%, fluxing agent 1~15% are uniformly mixed, through blank forming, microwave Heating and annealing, are made porous material.
In said program, the solid waste masterbatch is waste incineration bottom ash, incineration of refuse flyash, flyash bottom ash, powder Coal ash flying dust, sewage disposal sludge, the burning ash of water treatment sludge, rivers,lakes and seas bed mud, slag, waste active carbon, petrochemical industry Two or more in dead catalyst, petrochemical industry greasy filth, cullet, waste plastics, waste paper, waste wood and stalk.
In said program, the forming agent is sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate, silane coupling agent, calcium sulfate, polyvinyl alcohol and poly- second One or more in glycol, foaming agent is cenosphere, carbon black, coke, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, strontium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, nitrogen One or more in SiClx, silicon carbide, dolomite, ammonium nitrate and sugar, fluxing agent is lithia, boron oxide, bismuth oxide, oxygen Change one or more in lead, silica and molybdenum oxide.
In said program, in the solid waste masterbatch, by weight, the particle size of 95% or more inorganic wastes is less than 100 μm, the particle size of 95% or more debirs is less than 1mm.
In said program, the blank forming be mold slip casting, compression moulding, roll mold forming, granulating disc molding or Extruder is molded.
In said program, the microwave heating is that batch or continuous-type microwave heat, microwave frequency range be 800MHz~ 300GHz, microwave power are 1~3000kW, and heating time is 5~60 minutes.
Described to be annealed into natural cooling or forced ventilation cooling in said program, annealing time is 10~120 minutes.
In solid waste masterbatch, inorganic waste such as municipal solid waste incineration bottom ashes, slag, the cullet of bulky grain size Deng, need with jaw crusher, bar type grinding machine or hammer mill carry out preliminary crushing after, into horizontal continuous ball mill into Row dry type or wet lapping, until by weight 95% or more particle size is ground to less than 100 μm, best average grain diameter exists In 1~50 μ m.
Short grained inorganic waste such as flyash flying dust or sludge etc. can be directly entered ball mill grinding or without grinding Mill.
Waste of organic such as waste wood, waste paper, stalk and rice husk etc. needs to carry out shearing powder with shearing crusher Broken, until by weight 95% or more particle size is less than 1mm, best average grain diameter is 10~100 μm.
If waste impurities are excessive, the method that one or many washings can be used carries out impurity separation, can also be used The method of screening removes oversized impurity.
Forming agent in the present invention, it is required shape that can help blank forming；Foaming agent, function are heating point Foaming gas used is generated after solution, to form the porous structure of design；Fluxing agent, function are to reduce blank sintering temperature, It is energy saving.
Blender, ball mill or other similar powder mixing apparatus can be used in mixing apparatus.Incorporation time answers long enough, with Ensure that the property of each distributed components and final products is uniform.
The present invention, as heating source, using many kinds of solids waste as raw material, is given up solid using moulding process using microwave After object molding, be sent into continuous or batch microwave heating equipment and carry out Fast Sintering, to preparing with different pore size size and The novel porous materials of porosity are opened and closed, convert solid waste to high value new material.The porous material can be applied to drink The multiple fields such as water and Industrial Wastewater Treatment, kitchen garbage processing, construction industry, agricultural, gardens, can be used as sorbing material, bacterium The new materials such as culture carrier, building light-weight aggregate, soil-less culture medium.
The porous material of technical solution using the present invention production, by adjusting the formula of masterbatch and auxiliary additive, at Type and microwave sintering process parameter, can have that density is low, large specific surface area, pore size and opening and closing are controllable, extreme environment is resistance to The unique physico-chemical property such as strong, insulation, sound absorption, environmental-friendly by property.It is specific as follows：
(1) particle size and reconfigurable of porous material, granular size size can be single size or normal distribution, Particle mean size can be 1~1000mm, and grain shape can be round, oval, cylindrical and irregular shape.
(2) bulk density of porous material can be in 0.005~1g/cm3Between adjust.
(3) average pore size of porous material can adjust between 0.001~10000 μm, and pore size distribution can Think single size or normal distribution.
(4) volume of the rate of closed hole of the hole of porous material, i.e., the hole completely cut off completely with the external world accounts for whole pore volumes Percentage, can be adjusted between 0~100%.
In conclusion firing time is longer when preparing porous material the present invention overcomes existing solid waste, high energy consumption is right Process control needs are harsh, and the defect that the porous material property produced is uncontrollable, being prepared with solid waste for providing are porous The method sintering time of material is short, particle size and reconfigurable, bulk density, pore size, hole rate of closed hole all can be Adjustment in a wide range of.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below by embodiment, but the present invention is not limited only to the embodiment.
Embodiment one
The method that porous material is prepared with solid waste of this example is as follows：
By weight, solid waste masterbatch, forming agent, foaming agent and fluxing agent are uniformly mixed, through blank forming, microwave Heating and annealing, are made porous material.
Solid waste masterbatch is：Waste incineration bottom ash 70%, flyash flying dust 10%, water treatment sludge burning ash 10%.
Forming agent is polyvinyl alcohol 2%, and foaming agent is magnesium carbonate 2%, and sodium carbonate 1%, sugar 1%, carbon black 3% is fluxing Agent is bismuth oxide 1%.
By waste incineration bottom ash, flyash flying dust and water treatment sludge burning ash in same ball mill dry grinding powder Broken, until by weight 95% or more particle size is ground to less than 100 μm, average grain diameter is 50 μm.
After mixing by each ingredient, it is the spherical green bodies of 1mm or so to be granulated as average grain diameter with granulating disc.
Spherical green body feeding continuous microwave heating system is rapidly fired to.Microwave frequency is 300GHz, and power is 3000kW, heating time are 10 minutes, and annealing time is 120 minutes, and annealing way is natural cooling.
Porous material after firing is subsphaeroidal, bulk density 0.15g/cm3, rate of closed hole 93%, microscopic observation hole Diameter average-size is about 300 μm.The porous material can be used as manufacture of the high-quality light-weight aggregate for lightweight concrete.
Embodiment two
The method that porous material is prepared with solid waste of this example is as follows：
Solid waste masterbatch is：Rivers,lakes and seas bed mud 40%, sewage disposal sludge 40%, waste wood 5%, waste paper 3% give up Plastics 2%.
Forming agent be calcium sulfate 5%, silane coupling agent 1%, foaming agent be strontium carbonate 1%, coke 1%, calcium carbonate 1%, Fluxing agent is boron oxide 1%.
Waste wood, waste paper, waste plastics crush is less than 1mm for the particle size of 95% or more average grain diameter by weight.
The body of paste mixed extruder is granulated as the green body cylinders of diameter 3mm, length 5mm, green body is stood Make its hardening within 30 minutes or more.Then, green body feeding continuous-type microwave heating system is rapidly fired to.Microwave frequency is 2.45GHz, power 1kW, heating time are 5 minutes, and annealing time is 10 minutes, and annealing way cools down for forced ventilation.
Porous material after firing is close cylindrical, bulk density 0.23-0.98g/cm3, percent opening 89% is micro- It is about 450 μm to observe aperture average-size.High opening rate porous material specific surface area 90m2/ g, containing remaining carbon in hole In gap, high-quality cheap Bacteria Culture carrier is can be used as, is used for water-treatment biological reaction tank or kitchen garbage bio-degradation reactions Device.
Remaining is the same as embodiment one.
Embodiment three
The method that porous material is prepared with solid waste of this example is as follows：
Solid waste masterbatch is：Cullet 74%, incineration of refuse flyash 10%, stalk 10%, waste active carbon 3%.
Forming agent is sodium metasilicate 1%, and foaming agent is silicon carbide 1%, and fluxing agent is boron oxide 1%.
By cullet, incineration of refuse flyash and waste active carbon, dry grinding is crushed to average grain diameter and is in same ball mill 15μm；It is 100 μm that stalk, which is crushed to average grain diameter,.
With rolling mould machine to roll mold forming it is the flake shaped base substrate that thickness is 8mm, width is 500mm by the powder mixed.Then, Green body feeding continuous-type microwave heating system is rapidly fired to.Microwave frequency is 22.5GHz, power 10kW, when heating Between be 15 minutes, annealing time be 10 minutes, annealing way be forced ventilation cooling.Porous material jaw crushing after annealing Machine crushing is the particle porous material that average grain diameter is 10mm.
The porous material is irregular shape, has wider particle size distribution.Bulk density is 0.4~0.58g/cm3, Percent opening is 85%, and microscopic observation aperture averaging size is about 150 μm.High opening rate porous material specific surface area 120m2/ g, High-quality cheap sorbing material is can be used as, for Industrial Wastewater Treatment absorption dyestuff, organic matter and heavy metal, it can also be used to soil Repair absorption heavy metal and organic pollution.
Remaining is the same as embodiment one.
Example IV
The method that porous material is prepared with solid waste of this example is as follows：
Solid waste masterbatch is：Petrochemical industry dead catalyst 25%, petrochemical industry greasy filth 25%.
Forming agent be sodium metasilicate 10%, potassium silicate 10%, foaming agent be dolomite 10%, ammonium nitrate 2%, silicon nitride 1%, Sugar 1%, coke 1%, fluxing agent are lithia 5%, silica 5%, molybdenum oxide 5%.
After mixing by each ingredient, the square flake shaped base substrate of the 10cm length of sides, 5cm thickness is suppressed into mold.
Flake shaped base substrate feeding continuous microwave heating system is rapidly fired to.Microwave frequency is 800MHz, and power is 10kW, heating time are 60 minutes, and annealing time is 120 minutes, and annealing way is natural cooling.
It is irregular shape, bulk density 0.35g/cm that porous material after firing is crushed by pulverizer3, rate of closed hole It is 50%, microscopic observation aperture averaging size is about 100 μm.The porous material can be used as the porous media of soilless culture.
Remaining is the same as embodiment one.
Embodiment five
The method that porous material is prepared with solid waste of this example is as follows：
Solid waste masterbatch is：Cullet 40%, flyash bottom ash 10%, slag 10%, stalk 10%.
Forming agent is polyethylene glycol 10%, and foaming agent is cenosphere 15%, and fluxing agent is lead oxide 5%.
By cullet, flyash bottom ash and slag in same ball mill dry grinding be crushed to average grain diameter be 15 μm； It is 100 μm that stalk, which is crushed to average grain diameter,.
After mixing by each ingredient, add suitable quantity of water, with mold injection forming be the length of side be 50cm, thickness is the piece of 10cm Shape square green body.
Flake shaped base substrate feeding continuous microwave heating system is rapidly fired to.Microwave frequency is 2.45GHz, and power is 50kW, heating time are 20 minutes, and annealing time is 60 minutes, and annealing way is natural cooling.
Porous material after firing is through crushing as irregular shape, bulk density 0.45g/cm3, rate of closed hole 95%, Microscopic observation aperture averaging size is about 250 μm.The porous material can be used as high-quality light-weight aggregate for construction industry insulation material The backfill material of material or pipeline.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of method preparing porous material with solid waste, it is characterised in that by weight, by solid waste masterbatch 50~ 97%, forming agent 1~20%, foaming agent 1~15%, fluxing agent 1~15%, be uniformly mixed, through blank forming, microwave heating and Porous material is made in annealing.
2. the method according to claim 1 for preparing porous material with solid waste, it is characterised in that the solid waste Masterbatch is waste incineration bottom ash, waste incineration bottom ash flying dust, flyash bottom ash, flyash flying dust, sewage disposal sludge, water process The burning ash of sludge, rivers,lakes and seas bed mud, slag, waste active carbon, petrochemical industry dead catalyst, petrochemical industry greasy filth, cullet, Two or more in waste plastics, waste paper, waste wood and stalk.
3. the method according to claim 1 for preparing porous material with solid waste, it is characterised in that the forming agent is One or more in sodium metasilicate, potassium silicate, silane coupling agent, calcium sulfate, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol, foaming agent is hollow Microballon, carbon black, coke, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, strontium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, dolomite, ammonium nitrate and sugar In it is one or more, fluxing agent be lithia, boron oxide, bismuth oxide, lead oxide, silica and molybdenum oxide in one kind or more Kind.
4. the method according to claim 1 for preparing porous material with solid waste, it is characterised in that the solid waste In masterbatch, by weight, the particle size of 95% or more inorganic wastes is less than 100 μm, the particle ruler of 95% or more debirs It is very little to be less than 1mm.
5. the method according to claim 1 for preparing porous material with solid waste, it is characterised in that the blank forming For mold slip casting, compression moulding, roll mold forming, granulating disc molding or extruder molding.
6. the method according to claim 1 for preparing porous material with solid waste, it is characterised in that the microwave heating It is heated for batch or continuous-type microwave, microwave frequency range is 800MHz~300GHz, and microwave power is 1~3000kW, heating Time is 5~60 minutes.
7. the method according to claim 1 for preparing porous material with solid waste, it is characterised in that described to be annealed into certainly Right cooling or forced ventilation cooling, annealing time are 10~120 minutes.
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CN110937918A (en) * 2019-05-09 2020-03-31 湖州师范学院 Andesite tailing-based foamed ceramic
CN111348894A (en) * 2020-04-07 2020-06-30 江西鼎盛新材料科技有限公司 Preparation method for producing ceramic foam board by using lepidolite tailings
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CN110331021A (en) * 2019-06-28 2019-10-15 安徽杰沃循环农业发展有限公司 A method of improving stalk biomass charcoal combustion thermal efficiency
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CN111348894A (en) * 2020-04-07 2020-06-30 江西鼎盛新材料科技有限公司 Preparation method for producing ceramic foam board by using lepidolite tailings
CN111848124A (en) * 2020-07-16 2020-10-30 江苏碳峰新材料科技有限公司 Method for co-treating heavily polluted soil by waste activated carbon and preparing ceramsite
CN112470832A (en) * 2020-11-26 2021-03-12 江西南麓农林发展有限责任公司 Polygonum cuspidatum planting method
CN112470832B (en) * 2020-11-26 2023-08-29 江西南麓农林发展有限责任公司 Polygonum cuspidatum planting method
CN113072391A (en) * 2021-04-22 2021-07-06 四川双铁科技有限公司 Full-solid waste-based porous ceramic sound-absorbing material and preparation method thereof
CN113336527A (en) * 2021-06-21 2021-09-03 湖南国发控股有限公司 Formula and method for producing foamed ceramic by adding fly ash and sludge of sewage treatment plant
CN113292217B (en) * 2021-07-02 2022-10-28 辽宁石油化工大学 Method for treating waste oil sludge through microwave heating
CN113292217A (en) * 2021-07-02 2021-08-24 辽宁石油化工大学 Method for treating waste oil sludge through microwave heating
CN113881441A (en) * 2021-11-11 2022-01-04 中节能（连云港）清洁技术发展有限公司 Soil conditioner
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CN114105688A (en) * 2021-12-23 2022-03-01 太原理工大学 Efficient heat-increasing compost self-heating particles and preparation method and application thereof
CN116750967A (en) * 2023-08-14 2023-09-15 山东蓝庭环保科技有限公司 Production process for producing low-density high-performance millimeter-sized hollow glass beads by utilizing waste glass
CN116750967B (en) * 2023-08-14 2023-10-24 山东蓝庭环保科技有限公司 Production process for producing low-density high-performance millimeter-sized hollow glass beads by utilizing waste glass

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Application publication date: 20181016