CN108655797B - Tool magazine, tool changing mechanism and multi-spindle machining center - Google Patents
Tool magazine, tool changing mechanism and multi-spindle machining center Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108655797B CN108655797B CN201810294704.2A CN201810294704A CN108655797B CN 108655797 B CN108655797 B CN 108655797B CN 201810294704 A CN201810294704 A CN 201810294704A CN 108655797 B CN108655797 B CN 108655797B
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- spindle
- claw
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 claims description 115
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 cuttings Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
- B23Q3/15526—Storage devices; Drive mechanisms therefor
- B23Q3/15534—Magazines mounted on the spindle
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
- B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
- B23Q3/1552—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools
- B23Q3/1554—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore
- B23Q2003/155414—Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms therefore the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers
Abstract
The invention provides a tool magazine, a tool changing mechanism with the tool magazine and a multi-spindle machining center comprising the tool changing mechanism. The utility model provides a tool magazine, includes tool magazine mounting bracket, tool magazine support and a plurality of tool magazine, tool magazine mounting bracket is constructed and to be fixed in the lathe main shaft crossbeam, tool magazine support install in tool magazine mounting bracket, tool magazine is fixed in tool magazine support, every tool magazine includes a plurality of tools and accomodates the chamber, its characterized in that: the plurality of cutter accommodating cavities on each cutter accommodating bin are arranged into a cutter accommodating cavity matrix, the cutter accommodating cavities arranged along the direction parallel to the machine tool spindle cross beam form rows of the cutter accommodating cavity matrix, and the number of rows of the cutter accommodating cavity matrix is larger than 1. The tool magazine has the advantages of large tool storage capacity, good protection performance on tools, long maintainable period, high tool changing efficiency of the tool changing mechanism using the tool magazine and high machining efficiency of a machining center.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a tool changing mechanism of a machining center, in particular to a tool changing mechanism of a multi-spindle machining center.
Background
Because the machining efficiency of a multi-spindle machining center (called multi-head machining center or multi-head machine tool for short) is several times or even tens of times higher than that of a single-spindle machining center (called single-head machining center or single-head machine tool for short), the multi-head machining center has wider application in the recent years, and particularly has wide application in the 3C industry; however, the multi-head machining center has the advantage of efficient machining, and meanwhile, the tool changing process participated in by the tool magazine becomes a great factor for limiting the further improvement of the machining efficiency.
The tool magazine of the multi-head machine tool commonly used in China is an in-line tool magazine, for example, china patent 201520451989.8 discloses an in-line tool magazine which is arranged at the rear lower part of a machine tool spindle beam 31, and referring to fig. 23-24, the tool magazine 11 which is arranged at the rear part of the machine tool spindle beam 31 is far away from a processing area, so that the tools loaded on the tool magazine 11 can be prevented from being influenced by processing dust, processing chips or cooling liquid and the like, however, the following defects still exist:
(1) The tool holders 11.1 on the tool magazine 11 are arranged laterally (in the direction of the machine spindle beam, i.e. in the X direction in fig. 24), while the spindles of the multi-spindle machining center are also arranged in the direction of the machine spindle beam, so that the number of tool holders 11.1 on the tool magazine 11 (i.e. the tool capacity) is limited by the center-to-center distance between the spindles, the tool capacity of each tool magazine being relatively small;
(2) The cutter holder 11.1 is in a caliper form, namely a relatively close pretightening force is arranged between two clamping jaws of the cutter holder 11.1, and when a cutter enters and exits the cutter holder 11.1, the cutter is pressed and rubbed with the two clamping jaws of the cutter holder 11.1, and the cutter holder is opened by overcoming the pretightening force, so that a cutter handle has certain abrasion in the process of taking and changing a cutter of a main shaft;
(3) Although the installation position of the tool magazine 11 is far away from the spindle to be far away from the influence of processing dust and the like, and in similar applications, the tools clamped in the tool magazine 11 can be protected from the pollution environment by arranging a tool magazine door, when the spindle is used for changing the tools, the tool magazine still needs to be pushed forward (towards the spindle direction, namely the Y direction in fig. 23), namely the tool handle of the tool cannot be prevented from being polluted in the tool changing process, and the tool handle of the tool can further damage the spindle clamping the tool handle after being polluted;
(4) The tool changing process is started, the spindle is required to stop processing, then the original tool on the spindle is replaced by the tool library 11, a new tool is selected from the tool library 11 and clamped on the spindle, the tool library 11 does not have the function of preparing the tool in advance, and the tool changing efficiency is low;
(5) The cutter capacity of the cutter warehouse 11 is small, and the cutter handle is easy to wear, so that the cutter replacement frequency of the whole cutter warehouse 11 is high due to the combined action of two factors, the maintenance period is short, time and labor are wasted, and the whole production efficiency is influenced.
Similar in-line tool magazines can also be found in chinese patent 201621197453.9 and chinese patent 201420811469.9, wherein the tool magazines concerned likewise have the above disadvantages.
It is therefore particularly important to provide a magazine with high capacity, high protection, long maintenance cycles and fast tool changing.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the above state of the art. The invention provides a tool magazine, which comprises a tool magazine mounting frame, a tool magazine support and a plurality of tool storage bins, wherein the tool magazine mounting frame is configured to be fixed on a machine tool spindle beam, the tool magazine support is mounted on the tool magazine mounting frame, the tool storage bins are fixed on the tool magazine support, each tool storage bin comprises a plurality of tool storage cavities, the plurality of tool storage cavities on each tool storage bin are arranged into a tool storage cavity matrix, the tool storage cavities arranged along the direction parallel to the machine tool spindle beam form a row of the tool storage cavity matrix, and the number of rows of the tool storage cavity matrix is larger than 1.
In at least one embodiment, the shank end of the tool can extend into the tool receiving cavity to be surrounded by the tool receiving cavity.
In at least one embodiment, the tool storage bin comprises a tool storage plate, a through hole is formed in the tool storage plate along the machine tool spindle direction to form the tool storage cavity, a magnetic component is arranged at the upper end of the through hole, and the lower end of the through hole is used for the tool handle to extend in.
In at least one embodiment, the tool storage bin further comprises an auxiliary clamping plate, the auxiliary clamping plate is arranged on the lower end face of the tool storage plate, a tool accommodating hole communicated with the tool storage cavity is formed in the auxiliary clamping plate, the diameter of the tool accommodating hole is slightly smaller than that of the tool handle, and when the tool handle passes through the tool accommodating hole, the tool handle and the tool accommodating hole form interference fit.
In at least one embodiment, the auxiliary clamping plate is made of a wear resistant resilient material.
In at least one embodiment, the magazine support is translatable up and down relative to the magazine mount.
The invention also provides a tool changing mechanism which comprises a machine tool spindle beam, a tool magazine and a tool changing platform, wherein the tool magazine is the tool magazine according to the invention, the tool accommodating cavities arranged along the direction perpendicular to the machine tool spindle beam on the tool accommodating magazine of the tool magazine form a column of a tool accommodating cavity matrix, and the tool accommodating cavity matrix comprises two columns; the tool changing platform comprises a tool changing platform mounting frame, tool changing claw frames and a plurality of tool changing claw groups, wherein the tool changing platform mounting frame is fixed at the lower part of a machine tool spindle cross beam, the tool changing claw frames are mounted on the tool changing platform mounting frame, the tool changing claw groups are mounted on the tool changing claw frames, the number of the tool changing claw groups is the same as that of the tool storage bins, and one tool changing claw group comprises two tool changing claws which are arranged in parallel; each of the cutter changing claw groups is located right below one of the cutter accommodating chambers, and one of the cutter changing claws in each of the cutter changing claw groups is located right below one column of the matrix of the cutter accommodating chambers.
In at least one embodiment, the magazine support is translatable up and down relative to the magazine mount and the tool changing jaw mount is translatable back and forth relative to the tool changing platform mount.
In at least one embodiment, the tool changing claw comprises two tool changing claw blades which can be opened or closed relatively, and the opening or closing of the tool changing claw blades is controlled by a power source, so that the tool changing claw blades do not slide and rub with the tool during the process of taking and placing the tool by the tool changing claw.
The invention also provides a multi-spindle machining center, which comprises a spindle and a tool changing mechanism; the tool changing mechanism is a tool changing mechanism according to the invention; the plurality of spindles are arranged on the machine tool spindle cross beam at a certain distance from each other; the number of the tool storage bins of the tool magazine is equal to the number of the main shafts.
According to the tool magazine provided by the invention, on the premise of not changing the size of the main shaft cross beam of the machine tool, the tool storage capacity of the tool magazine is greatly improved, and the tool magazine can protect the tool shank of a tool from being polluted by a processing environment at any time; the tool magazine and the tool changing platform matched with the tool magazine form the tool changing mechanism, and the tool changing mechanism has the function of preparing tools in advance, so that the tool changing efficiency is greatly improved, the machining efficiency of a machine tool is improved, and the maintenance period of equipment is prolonged. Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following advantages:
(1) The cutters are accommodated in the cutter library in a longitudinal arrangement mode, so that the cutter storage capacity of the cutter library is increased under the condition that the center distance of each main shaft of the multi-main shaft machining center is not changed;
(2) The tool accommodating cavity of the tool magazine covers one end of each tool shank independently, so that dust, cuttings, cooling liquid and other pollution of a processing site are prevented in an omnibearing manner;
(3) In the tool changing process, the tool magazine is always positioned at the position of the rear part of the main shaft beam of the machine tool, the tool storage bin does not need to push forward towards the main shaft direction, and the tools between the tool magazine and the main shaft are replaced through the tool changing platform;
(4) A pair of (two) tool changing claws are arranged on the tool changing platform corresponding to each spindle, so that the tool can be prepared in advance, namely, the tool preparation process is finished before the spindle stops processing, and the tool changing efficiency and the processing efficiency are improved;
(5) The tool changing claw on the tool changing platform is controlled pneumatically, so that friction between the tool handle and the clamping jaw is avoided, and abrasion of the tool handle is reduced;
(6) Because the cutter storage capacity is increased, the cutters are not easy to wear and the main shaft is not easy to wear, the maintenance period of the whole machining center is prolonged, and the production efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a multi-spindle machining center portion having a tool changing mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a tool magazine according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of another view of a tool magazine according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a tool magazine according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a tool magazine according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a tool changing platform according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic bottom view of a tool changing platform according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic front view of a tool changing jaw set according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic left-hand view of a machining center at stage S1.2 of the tool preparation process according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic left-hand view of a machining center at stage S1.3 of the tool preparation process according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic front view of the structure of the machining center portion at stage S1.4 of the tool preparation process according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic left-hand view of a machining center at stage S1.5 of the tool preparation process according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic left-hand view of a machining center at stage S2.1 of the spindle changing process according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic front view of the structure of the machining center portion at stage S2.2 of the spindle changing process according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic front view of the structure of the machining center portion at stage S2.3 of the spindle changing process according to the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a schematic front view of the structure of the machining center portion at stage S2.4 of the spindle changing process according to the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic front view of the structure of the machining center portion at stage S2.5 of the spindle changing process according to the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic front view of the structure of the machining center portion at stage S2.6 of the spindle changing process according to the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic front view of the structure of the machining center portion at stage S2.7 of the spindle changing process according to the present invention;
FIG. 20 is a schematic perspective view of the structure of the machining center portion at stage S3.1 of the tool-entry process according to the present invention;
FIG. 21 is a schematic perspective view of the structure of the machining center portion at stage S3.2 of the tool-entry process according to the present invention;
FIG. 22 is a schematic perspective view of the machining center portion at stage S3.3 of the tool-entry process according to the present invention;
FIG. 23 is a right side view of a prior art machining center with tool magazine;
fig. 24 is a schematic perspective view of a prior art tool magazine.
Description of the reference numerals
1.11 tool magazine
1.1 Tool magazine support
1.11 Bracket bottom plate
1.12 Support backboard
1.13 Bracket slide block
1.14 Positioning plate
1.2 Tool magazine guide rail
1.3 Cutter storage bin
1.31 Cutter storage plate
1.311 Dovetail groove
1.32 High-strength rubber plate
1.33 Pressing plate
1.34 Cutter accommodating cavity
1.341 A first hole
1.342 Second hole
1.343 Third hole
1.37 Magnet
1.4 Cylinder assembly
1.41 Cylinder body
1.42 Piston rod
1.43 Cylinder fixing plate
1.44 Piston rod bracket
11.1 Tool holder
2. Tool changing platform
2.1 Tool changing platform mounting frame
2.2 Tool changing claw frame
2.3 Tool changing claw set
2.31 Tool changing claw
2.310 Tool changing claw piece
2.4 Claw rack guide assembly
2.41 Claw rack driving mechanism
2.42 Claw rack guide rail
2.5 Drag chain
2.6 Protective cover
3. 31 machine tool spindle beam
4. Main shaft
5. Cutting tool
5.1 Tool bit
5.2 Knife handle
Detailed Description
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these specific illustrations are for the purpose of illustrating how one skilled in the art may practice the invention, and are not intended to be exhaustive of all of the possible ways of practicing the invention, nor to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 22, a specific structure of a tool magazine 1, a tool changing mechanism with the tool magazine, and a multi-spindle machining center including the tool changing mechanism of the present invention, and a tool changing process of the tool changing mechanism will be described.
Fig. 1 shows the main components of a multi-spindle machining center including a tool changing mechanism of the present invention. The machine tool spindle beam 3 is provided with four spindles 4, so that the machining center is a four-spindle machining center, and it should be understood that the number of spindles does not affect the essential effect of the present invention, and the present inventive concept is applicable to a machining center (machine tool) including one or more spindles, whereas the present invention is more effective for a machining center including a plurality of spindles.
As shown in fig. 1, the transverse extending direction of the machine tool spindle beam 3 is defined as the X-axis direction, and the machine tool spindle beam side on which the spindle 4 is located is the "front" side (Y-direction), and the opposite is the "rear" side; the arrow in the X direction in the figure indicates "right" and "left" in contrast; the arrow in the Z direction is indicated as "up" in the figure, and "down" in contrast.
The tool magazine 1 and the tool changing platform 2 are both arranged on the machine tool spindle cross beam 3, the joint of the tool magazine 1 and the machine tool spindle cross beam 3 is positioned at the rear part of the machine tool spindle cross beam 3, and the joint of the tool changing platform 2 and the machine tool spindle cross beam 3 is positioned at the lower part of the machine tool spindle cross beam 3. The spindle 4 can translate up and down and left and right relative to the machine tool spindle beam 3, the main body part of the tool magazine 1 can translate up and down relative to the machine tool spindle beam 3, and the main body part of the tool changing platform 2 can translate back and forth relative to the machine tool spindle beam 3.
The main structure of one embodiment of the tool magazine 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 2 to 5.
Tool magazine 1
The tool magazine 1 mainly comprises a tool magazine support 1.1, a tool magazine guide rail 1.2, a tool storage bin 1.3 and a cylinder assembly 1.4, wherein the tool storage bin 1.3 is fixed on the tool magazine support 1.1, the tool magazine guide rail 1.2 is fixed on a machine tool spindle cross beam 3, a support slide block 1.13 of the tool magazine support 1.1 is matched with the tool magazine guide rail 1.2, the support slide block 1.13 is fixed on the tool magazine support 1.1, and the support slide block 1.13 can translate up and down along the tool magazine guide rail 1.2 so as to drive the tool magazine support 1.1 and the tool storage bin 1.3 to translate up and down.
Specifically, the tool magazine rack 1.1 comprises a rack bottom plate 1.11, a rack back plate 1.12, a rack slide block 1.13 and a positioning plate 1.14. Two sides of the support back plate 1.12 are respectively connected with a support slide block 1.13, and each support slide block 1.13 is matched with one tool magazine guide rail 1.2. The lower end of the bracket backboard 1.12 extends out of four bracket bottom boards 1.11 forwards, and each bracket bottom board 1.11 is used for fixing one cutter storage bin 1.3; since the number of spindles 4 in the multi-spindle machining center is four in the present embodiment, the tool magazine 1 is provided with four tool magazines 1.3, and each tool magazine 1.3 is used for changing a tool from one spindle 4. The middle of the upper surface of the cutter storage bin 1.3 is provided with a downward concave dovetail groove 1.311 parallel to the long side of the cutter storage bin, and referring to fig. 4 and 5, the dovetail groove 1.311 is provided with a shape with a narrow upper part and a wide lower part in the depth direction, the section shape of the bracket bottom plate 1.11 is matched with the section shape of the dovetail groove 1.311, and the cutter storage bin 1.3 is embedded on the bracket bottom plate 1.11 through the dovetail groove 1.311; the tool magazine 1.3 is fixed to the holder base plate 1.11 at the front end by positioning the positioning plate 1.14 and at the bottom by bolting.
The cylinder fixing plate 1.43 of the cylinder assembly 1.4 is fixed on the machine tool spindle beam 3, the piston rod bracket 1.44 is fixed on the bracket back plate 1.12, the cylinder body 1.41 is fixedly connected with the cylinder fixing plate 1.43, and the piston rod 1.42 is fixedly connected with the piston rod bracket 1.44, so that the extension and retraction of the cylinder piston rod 1.42 provides power for the tool magazine bracket 1.1 to translate up and down relative to the machine tool spindle beam 3. It should be understood that the power mechanism for the up-and-down translation of the tool magazine support 1.1 is not limited to an air cylinder, but other linear motion mechanisms in the prior art, such as an electric motor, a hydraulic cylinder, etc., may be used. It will be appreciated that the magazine rail 1.2 in this embodiment forms part of a magazine mount for the mobile mounting of the magazine support 1.1, and that the magazine rail 1.2 may be replaced by other guides of the prior art which provide a linear movement guide.
The dimension of the whole tool storage 1.3 in the longitudinal direction (Y direction) is larger than the dimension of the whole tool storage in the width direction (X direction), so that the tools 5 stored in the tool storage 1.3 are stored in a "longitudinal arrangement" (i.e., a plurality of tools can be arranged in the Y direction perpendicular to the machine tool spindle beam 3), while the row-type tool magazines in the prior art all arrange the tools in a "transverse arrangement" (the tools in the tool magazine are arranged in a direction parallel to the machine tool spindle beam); because the spindles of the multi-spindle machining center are arranged at intervals along the machine tool spindle cross beam 3, the interval size between the spindles is constant, so that the capacity of a tool library for storing tools in a transverse arrangement mode is limited, and the tool storage capacity of the tool library is greatly expanded in a longitudinal arrangement mode. In order to further improve the tool changing efficiency, the tools are accommodated in the tool accommodating cavities 1.34 arranged in two rows in a longitudinal direction, for example, the tool accommodating cavities 1.34 shown in fig. 4 are provided with 2 rows and 10 columns, and form a matrix of 2 rows and 10 columns, so that 20 tools can be stored in total. The advantages exhibited by this 2-column arrangement in terms of tool changing efficiency will be further described below.
The main body part of the tool storage bin 1.3 is composed of a tool storage plate 1.31, two rows of through holes are formed in the lower end face of the tool storage plate 1.31 and are respectively parallel to two long sides of the tool storage plate 1.31, namely a first hole 1.341 shown in fig. 5, and the first hole 1.341 forms the main body part of a tool storage cavity 1.34; the diameter of the first hole 1.341 is slightly larger than the diameter of the tool shank 5.2, and the tool shank 5.2 of the tool 5 can extend into the first hole 1.341 from the lower end of the first hole 1.341 to be accommodated. The upper end of the first hole 1.341 is embedded with a magnet 1.37, so that when the tool shank 5.2 stretches into the first hole 1.341, the tool shank can be attracted by the magnet 1.37 to be fixed. It will be appreciated that the magnet 1.37 may be replaced by other means having magnetic properties, such as an electromagnet.
In order to increase the holding force of the tool storage 1.3 on the tool 5, an auxiliary fixing structure is additionally arranged on the tool storage 1.3. Specifically, a strip-shaped youli rubber plate 1.32 is respectively arranged on the lower end surface of the cutter storage plate 1.31 along two long sides of the cutter storage plate 1.31. The surface of each excellent adhesive plate 1.32 is covered with a pressing plate 1.33 with the same size, and bolts are used for extending into the excellent adhesive plate 1.32 from the lower surface of the pressing plate 1.33 and further extending into the cutter storage plate 1.31 to fix the excellent adhesive plate 1.32. The polyurethane PU elastomer has both the rigidity of plastic and the elasticity of rubber. The first hole 1.341 is covered by the you li adhesive plate 1.32 and the pressing plate 1.33, the second hole 1.342 is formed at the position corresponding to the first hole 1.341 on the you li adhesive plate 1.32, and the third hole 1.343 is formed at the position corresponding to the first hole 1.341 on the pressing plate 1.33; the diameter of the second hole 1.342 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the shank 5.2, and the diameter of the third hole 1.343 is slightly larger than the diameter of the shank 5.2. The first hole 1.341, the second hole 1.342 and the third hole 1.343 together constitute a tool receiving cavity 1.34. Because the you li glued board 1.32 has good elasticity, the handle of a knife 5.2 that stretches into the cutter receiving chamber 1.34 from bottom to top is in interference fit with you li glued board 1.32 in second hole 1.342 department to handle of a knife 5.2 has obtained clamping force and static friction from you li glued board 1.32, and the difficult wearing and tearing handle of a knife 5.2 of you li glued material.
It will be appreciated that the magnets 1.37 and the you glue plate 1.32 both provide a retaining force for retaining the knife 5 within the knife magazine 1.3, both of which may be used simultaneously or only one of which may be omitted. In addition, the youli rubber plate 1.32 in the present embodiment may be replaced by a plate made of other wear-resistant elastic materials (such as plastics or rubber). The main structure of one embodiment of the tool changing platform 2 of the present invention will be described below with reference to fig. 6 to 8.
Tool changing platform 2
The tool changing platform 2 of the embodiment mainly comprises a tool changing platform mounting frame 2.1, a tool changing claw frame 2.2, a tool changing claw group 2.3, a claw frame guide component 2.4 and a drag chain 2.5; the tool changing platform mounting frame 2.1 is fixed at the lower part of the machine tool spindle cross beam 3; the tool changing claw frame 2.2 is connected with the tool changing platform mounting frame 2.1 through the claw frame guiding component 2.4, and the tool changing claw frame 2.2 can translate back and forth (reciprocate along the Y axis shown in fig. 6) relative to the tool changing platform mounting frame 2.1 through the driving and guiding of the claw frame guiding component 2.4. One end of the drag chain 2.5 is arranged on the tool changing platform mounting frame 2.1, and the other end is arranged on the tool changing claw frame 2.2.
The claw frame guiding assembly 2.4 comprises claw frame guide rails 2.42 arranged on two sides of the tool changing platform mounting frame 2.1 and a claw frame driving mechanism 2.41 arranged in the middle of the two claw frame guide rails 2.42. The claw driving mechanism 2.41 can be a combination of a servo motor and a screw rod, or can be other linear motion driving mechanisms such as an air cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric cylinder. A protective cover 2.6 is arranged below the claw driving mechanism 2.41 and the claw guide rail 2.42, and refer to fig. 1.
The front end of the tool changing claw frame 2.2 is fixedly provided with four groups of tool changing claw groups 2.3, which are used for corresponding to the four tool storage bins 1.3 of the tool magazine 1 in the embodiment, and each group of tool changing claw groups 2.3 is used for correspondingly taking and placing the tools 5 in one tool storage bin 1.3. Each set of the cutter changing jaw groups 2.3 includes two cutter changing jaws 2.31, and since the cutter receiving bin 1.3 in the present embodiment can only translate up and down (reciprocate along the Z axis), and the cutter changing jaw groups 2.3 can only translate back and forth (reciprocate along the Y axis), each set of cutter changing jaw groups 2.3 has a fixed position in the left-right direction (X axis), the fixed position satisfies: the coordinates of the two tool changing claws 2.31 in the tool changing claw group 2.3 on the X axis are respectively the same as the coordinates of the two rows of tool receiving cavities 1.34 in the tool receiving bin 1.3 on the X axis, namely, the tool changing claw 2.31 specially corresponds to the tool in the row of tool receiving cavities 1.34. In addition, since the machine spindle 4 needs to remove the original tool by means of one tool changing jaw 2.31 of the one tool changing jaw set 2.3 and reload the spindle 4 with an alternative tool on the other tool changing jaw 2.31 of the one tool changing jaw set 2.3 during tool changing, the spindle 4 is provided with two tool changing positions, namely a "tool changing point" corresponding to one tool changing jaw 2.31 during tool removal and a "tool changing point" corresponding to the other tool changing jaw 2.31 during tool reloading.
Referring to fig. 8, each of the tool changing jaws 2.31 includes two (a pair of) tool changing jaw blades 2.310, and the two tool changing jaw blades 2.310 are pneumatically controlled to be close to or far away from each other, so that the tool can be flexibly taken and placed without wearing the tool shank 5.2. Hereinafter, a state in which the pair of cutter changing claw blades 2.310 are brought close to each other is referred to as a "closed" state of the cutter changing claw, and a state in which the pair of cutter changing claw blades 2.310 are separated from each other is referred to as an "open" state of the cutter changing claw. A pair of cutter changing claw pieces 2.310 hold the cutter 5 from both sides of the cutter 5, the claw heads of each cutter changing claw piece 2.310 take a bent posture toward the cutter 5, the contact point of the cutter changing claw piece 2.310 with the cutter 5 (hereinafter referred to as "clamped portion of the cutter") is located at the root of the shank 5.2 which is in contact with the cutter head 5.1, and the cutter head 5.1 is accommodated by two cutter changing claw pieces 2.310 from both sides. It should be appreciated that the source of power for the actuation of the change pawl 2.310 could be other traction power than high pressure gas as is known in the art.
In the following, it is described how the tool changing platform 2 cooperates with the tool magazine 1 to form the tool changing mechanism according to the invention, and how the tool changing mechanism cooperates with the machine spindle 4 to complete the tool changing process.
Tool changing process of tool changing mechanism
In order to improve the tool changing efficiency, the tool changing process in the present invention needs to use two tool changing claws in one tool changing claw set 2.3, and for convenience of description, the two tool changing claws are hereinafter referred to as a first tool changing claw 2.311 and a second tool changing claw 2.312, and the left and right positions of the two tool changing claws in one tool changing claw set 2.3 are not particularly required. For efficient tool changing actions, for equipment with multiple spindle/tool magazine/multiple sets of tool changing jaw sets, the left-right relative positions of the first and second tool changing jaws 2.311, 2.312 will remain uniform between the sets of tool changing jaw sets, e.g., with the first tool changing jaw 2.311 on the left and the second tool changing jaw 2.312 on the right in each set of tool changing jaw sets, so that translational actions of multiple spindles 4 will remain consistent during tool changing of multiple spindles 4; of course, for a device having multiple spindles/multiple tool receptacles/multiple sets of tool changing jaw sets, the left and right relative positions of the first and second tool changing jaws 2.311, 312 may not be uniform between the sets of tool changing jaw sets, such that the translational motion of the multiple spindles 4 will not be exactly uniform during the tool changing of the multiple spindles 4; the following description is given of the case where the left-right relative positions of the first and second jaws 2.311, 312 are kept uniform among the plurality of groups of jaws.
S1 spare knife
S1.1, returning the tool magazine 1, namely, returning the tool storage magazine 1.3 to the highest point under the drive of the air cylinder so as to facilitate the action of the tool changing platform 2 in the following step;
s1.2, according to a knife selecting instruction, the knife changing claw frame 2.2 translates forwards and backwards along the Y axis, so that a first knife changing claw 2.311 (each knife changing claw does not clamp a knife at the moment) at the front end of the knife changing claw frame 2.2 moves to be right below a corresponding target knife 5, and meanwhile, the first knife changing claw 2.311 is opened (four groups of first knife changing claws 2.311 in the embodiment act simultaneously, four groups of second knife changing claws 2.312 act simultaneously, and the description is not repeated below), and referring to FIG. 9;
s1.3, the tool storage bin 1.3 is driven by an air cylinder to translate downwards until the tool bit 5.1 of the target tool 5 is stored by two tool changing claw blades 2.310 of the first tool changing claw 2.311, and the claw head height of the tool changing claw blade 2.310 is just positioned at the clamped part of the tool 5, referring to FIG. 10;
s1.4 the first tool changing claw 2.311 is closed, and the target tool 5 is clamped by the first tool changing claw 2.311, see fig. 11;
s1.5, returning the tool magazine 1, lifting the tool storage magazine 1.3, and clamping the tool 5 by the first tool changing claw 2.311, so that the tool 5 is pulled out of the tool storage cavity 1.34 by overcoming the magnetic force from the magnet 1.37 and the friction force from the excellent adhesive plate 1.32 borne by the tool 5, and referring to FIG. 12;
s2 spindle tool changing
S2.1, stopping rotation of the main shaft 4 and moving to the position right above the tool withdrawal point; the tool changing claw frame 2.2 moves forward until the tool changing claw group 2.3 reaches the position right below the main shaft, see fig. 13;
s2.2 the second tool changing jaw 2.312 is opened, see fig. 14;
s2.3, the main shaft 4 moves downwards to a tool withdrawal point, the tool 5 on the main shaft 4 is accommodated by two tool changing claw blades 2.310 of the second tool changing claw 2.312, and the second tool changing claw 2.312 is closed, referring to FIG. 15;
s2.4, loosening the main shaft 4, moving the main shaft 4 to a safe position, and unloading the original cutter 5 on the main shaft 4 by the second cutter changing claw 2.312 and remaining in the second cutter changing claw 2.312, wherein the figure 16 is referred to;
s2.5 the spindle 4 translates directly above the first tool changing jaw 2.311, see fig. 17;
s2.6, the spindle 4 moves downwards to a tool changing point, one end of a tool shank 5.2 of the tool 5 is completely inserted into a tool clamping position on the spindle 4, and the spindle 4 completes tool clamping, and referring to FIG. 18;
s2.7, the first tool changing claw 2.311 is opened, the main shaft 4 is moved up to a safe position, and the main shaft finishes tool changing, and referring to FIG. 19;
s2.8, the spindle 4 carries the newly clamped cutter 5 to continue the machining operation;
s3, putting the cutters in storage
S3.1, the tool changing claw frame 2.2 moves backwards until the second tool changing claw 2.312 reaches the position right below the target tool receiving cavity 1.34, and referring to FIG. 20;
s3.2, the tool storage bin 1.3 moves downwards, the tool shank 5.2 of the tool 5 is inserted into the target tool storage cavity 1.34, the second tool changing claw 2.312 is opened, and the tool is held by the tool storage cavity 1.34 by virtue of magnetic force and friction force of the high-strength rubber plate, and referring to FIG. 21;
s3.3, returning the tool magazine 1, and returning the tool 5 with the tool magazine 1.3 to the highest point.
The tool changing process is completed.
It is noted that, since there are two tool changing claws 2.31 for each spindle 4, the first tool changing claw 2.311 can prepare the tool in advance, and in the S1 tool preparation process, the second tool changing claw 2.312 does not clamp the tool but acts as a "transfer station" in the tool changing process in the S2 spindle tool changing process; therefore, in the whole S1 tool preparation process, the machine tool spindle 4 can continue to perform machining operation without stopping machining immediately, or the S1 tool preparation process can be started before the current machining process of the spindle 4 is completed, until the spindle 4 completes the current machining process and needs to detach and replace the tool on the current spindle 4 with a new tool selected in the S1 tool preparation process, the current machining of the spindle 4 is stopped. Compared with the tool changing process that in the prior art, the tool on the main shaft 4 needs to be firstly replaced in the tool storage and a new tool is taken, the tool changing process is independently separated from the action of the main shaft 4 through the two tool changing claws 2.31, the time for stopping the operation of the main shaft 4 in the tool changing process is reduced, and the tool changing efficiency and the machining efficiency of the main shaft 4 are improved.
It should be understood that only one row of tool receiving cavities 1.34 may be provided on the tool receiving magazine 1.3 of the tool magazine 1 according to the present invention, and the tool receiving cavities 1.34 may form a matrix of a plurality of rows, and in this case, each of the tool changing jaw groups 2.3 of the tool changing platform 2 may still be provided with two tool changing jaws 2.31, and the two tool changing jaws 2.31 may be disposed one behind the other in a direction parallel to the row formed by the plurality of tool receiving cavities 1.34, and the coordinates of the two tool changing jaws 2.31 in the X-axis direction may be the same as the coordinates of the tool receiving cavities 1.34 in the X-axis direction.
In addition, the tool storage bin 1.3 of the tool magazine 1 of the invention can also be provided with any row (one row or a plurality of rows) of tool storage cavities 1.34 under the condition of space permission, each tool changing claw group 2.3 of the tool changing platform 2 comprises at least two tool changing claws 2.31, and the coordinates of the two tool changing claws 2.31 in the X-axis direction can be not identical with the coordinates of the tool storage cavities 1.34 in the X-axis direction; at this time, a mechanism for translating the tool storage magazine 1.3 in the X-axis direction or a mechanism for translating the tool changing claw holder 2.2 in the X-axis direction is added so that each tool changing claw 2.31 can correspondingly operate the tools 5 in at least one row of the tool storage cavities 1.34.
It should be understood that each set 2.3 of tool changing fingers of the tool changing platform 2 of the present invention may also be provided with only one tool changing finger 2.31. In this case, the tool changing mechanism does not have the function of preparing tools in advance, and the tool changing claw 2.31 needs to take the original tool 5 on the spindle 4 off and put it back into the tool magazine 1, and then select a new target tool 5 from the tool magazine 1 and clamp it on the spindle 4.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely exemplary and are not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the above-described embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a tool changing mechanism, its includes lathe spindle beam, tool magazine and tool changing platform, the tool magazine includes tool magazine mounting bracket, tool magazine support and a plurality of tool storage bins, the tool magazine mounting bracket is constructed and to be fixed in lathe spindle beam, tool magazine support install in the tool magazine mounting bracket, the tool storage bin is fixed in the tool magazine support, every the tool storage bin includes a plurality of tools and accomodates the chamber, its characterized in that:
the plurality of tool storage cavities on each tool storage bin are arranged into a tool storage cavity matrix, the tool storage cavities arranged along the direction parallel to the machine tool spindle cross beam form rows of the tool storage cavity matrix, and the number of rows of the tool storage cavity matrix is greater than 1;
the tool storage bin comprises a tool storage plate, a through hole is formed in the tool storage plate along the direction of a machine tool spindle to form a tool storage cavity, a magnetic component is arranged at the upper end of the through hole, and a tool handle of a tool extends into the through hole;
the tool storage bin further comprises an auxiliary clamping plate, the auxiliary clamping plate is arranged on the lower end face of the tool storage plate, a tool containing hole communicated with the tool storage cavity is formed in the auxiliary clamping plate, the diameter of the tool containing hole is slightly smaller than that of the tool handle, and when the tool handle passes through the tool containing hole, the tool handle and the tool containing hole form interference fit;
the auxiliary clamping plate is made of wear-resistant elastic materials;
the cutter accommodating cavities arranged along the direction perpendicular to the machine tool spindle cross beam form a row of the cutter accommodating cavity matrix on the cutter accommodating bin of the cutter library, and the cutter accommodating cavity matrix comprises two rows;
the tool changing platform comprises a tool changing platform mounting frame, tool changing claw frames and a plurality of tool changing claw groups, wherein the tool changing platform mounting frame is fixed at the lower part of a machine tool spindle cross beam, the tool changing claw frames are mounted on the tool changing platform mounting frame, the tool changing claw groups are mounted on the tool changing claw frames, the number of the tool changing claw groups is the same as that of the tool storage bins, and one tool changing claw group comprises two tool changing claws which are arranged in parallel;
each of the cutter changing claw groups is positioned right below one of the cutter accommodating chambers, and one cutter changing claw in each of the cutter changing claw groups is positioned right below one column of the matrix of cutter accommodating chambers;
the tool magazine support can translate up and down relative to the tool magazine mounting frame, and the tool changing claw frame can translate back and forth relative to the tool changing platform mounting frame;
the cutter changing claw comprises two cutter changing claw blades which can be opened or closed relatively, and the opening or closing of the cutter changing claw blades is controlled by a power source, so that the cutter changing claw blades do not generate sliding friction with the cutter in the process of taking and placing the cutter by the cutter changing claw.
2. The tool changing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein: the end part of the cutter handle can extend into the cutter accommodating cavity and is surrounded by the cutter accommodating cavity, and the two cutter changing claw blades are controlled by a pneumatic power source to be close to or far away from each other.
3. A multi-spindle machining center comprises a spindle and a tool changing mechanism;
the tool changing mechanism is the tool changing mechanism according to claim 1 or 2; the plurality of spindles are arranged on the machine tool spindle cross beam at a certain distance from each other;
the method is characterized in that: the number of the tool storage bins of the tool magazine is equal to the number of the main shafts.
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| CN201810294704.2A CN108655797B (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2018-03-30 | Tool magazine, tool changing mechanism and multi-spindle machining center |
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| CN201810294704.2A CN108655797B (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2018-03-30 | Tool magazine, tool changing mechanism and multi-spindle machining center |
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| CN108655797A CN108655797A (en) | 2018-10-16 |
| CN108655797B true CN108655797B (en) | 2023-12-08 |
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| DE102019219340A1 (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-17 | P&L Gmbh & Co. Kg | Machine tool with at least two tool changing devices |
| CN110919436B (en) * | 2019-12-12 | 2021-04-20 | 湖北文理学院 | Movable machine tool changing device |
| CN111136492B (en) * | 2020-02-19 | 2021-04-20 | 深圳市盛利达数控设备有限公司 | Numerical control machine tool with knife bin device |
| DE102021120497A1 (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2023-02-09 | Deckel Maho Pfronten Gmbh | Tool transport system and method for exchanging tools on machine tools |
| CN115338637A (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2022-11-15 | 浙江浩丰精密机械有限公司 | High-flexibility precise 16-axis CNC machining combined machine tool |
| CN115647881A (en) * | 2022-09-30 | 2023-01-31 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Many main shafts knife handle is with dress sword auxiliary device |
| CN116441983B (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-08-11 | 常州艾柏纳精密机械有限公司 | Tool magazine structure of three-spindle numerical control machining center machine tool |
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