CN108651484A - 己基连接的不饱和去甲基斑蝥酰亚胺二聚体的用途 - Google Patents
己基连接的不饱和去甲基斑蝥酰亚胺二聚体的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种由六个亚甲基链连接的不饱和去甲基斑蝥酰亚胺二聚体在光学材料领域的用途,该用途基于其在350~500nm之间有强的荧光发射;另外,该化合物对小菜蛾幼虫的致死中浓度LC50值约为112mg/L,在农药领域也有潜在的应用前景。该化合物外观呈无色棒状结晶,熔点158.8‑159.4℃,分子式C22H24N2O6,其结构如下:
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及荧光材料和农药学领域,具体为一种由六个亚甲基(即-(CH2)6-)连接的不饱和去甲基斑蝥酰亚胺二聚体的用途。
背景技术
斑蝥素是中国传统天然药物斑蝥的有效成分,可以使癌细胞的DNA一级和二级结构断裂,进而使癌细胞进入程序性死亡,但斑蝥素剧毒,合成困难,限制了其临床应用。去甲基斑蝥酰亚胺衍生物既保留了去甲基斑蝥素的抗肿瘤活性,又具有结构多变、易于修饰、可与金属配位等特点,通过结构改造可望获得毒性低、活性高的抗癌药物分子;另一方面,在天然产物中广泛存在的二聚体结构被普遍认为具有比相应的单体结构更好的生物活性,具有二聚体结构的药物分子已被大量合成,并用于治疗癌症、艾滋病、阿尔茨海默病、疟疾和各种寄生虫病。但是基于斑蝥酰亚胺的二聚体种类非常少,目前见诸文献报道的不超过十种,基于不饱和去甲基斑蝥酰亚胺的二聚体种类则更少,关于该类化合物的晶体结构的报道更是罕见;申请人课题组多年来一直从事斑蝥素衍生物在抗癌药物领域的研究,近来发现此类衍生物在荧光材料和农药化学领域也有特殊的用途。
有机荧光材料种类繁多,它们多带有共轭杂环及各种生色团,结构易于调整,通过引入烯键、苯环等不饱和基团及各种生色团来改变其共轭长度,从而使化合物光电性质发生变化。如恶二唑及其衍生物类,三唑及其衍生物类,罗丹明及其衍生物类,香豆素类衍生物,1,8-萘酰亚胺类衍生物,吡唑啉衍生物,三苯胺类衍生物,卟啉类化合物,咔唑、吡嗪、噻唑类衍生物,苝类衍生物等。它们广泛应用于光学电子器件、DNA诊断、光化学传感器、有机颜料、染料、荧光增白剂、光氧化剂、荧光涂料、激光染料、有机电致发光器件(ELD)化学及生化分析、太阳能捕集器、防伪标记、药物示踪及激光等领域。但是,以不饱和去甲基斑蝥酰亚胺二聚体为骨架的荧光材料未见报道。
斑蝥素用于农药的研究很少,1974年,James E.Carrel和Thomas Eisner在Science上撰文指出,在10-5mol.L-1的极低浓度下,斑蝥素对多种昆虫有拒食作用。此外,还有胃毒、触杀、内吸等作用。斑蝥素的杀虫谱较广,以对鳞翅目、同翅目昆虫作用较强,同时对多种植物病原真菌有明显的抑制作用。陈勇等发现,去甲斑蝥素与斑蝥素类似,对菜蛾幼虫同样具有较强的胃毒和非选择性拒食作用。但去甲斑蝥素的毒杀活性要弱于斑蝥素,通过加大使用剂量或加入增效剂也可以达到很好的毒杀效果。不饱和去甲基斑蝥酰亚胺用于农药的研究未见报道,其二聚体用于农药领域的研究也未见报道。
发明内容
1、合成和结构
该二聚体晶体有三种合成方法:方法一是以不饱和去甲基斑蝥素和己二胺为原料,方法二是以不饱和去甲基斑蝥酰亚胺和1,6-二溴己烷为原料,方法三是以1,1’-(己烷-1,6-二基)-二(1H-吡咯-2,5-二酮)与呋喃为原料,三种方法步骤类似,简述如下:将两种原料分别溶于合适的有机溶剂后,按照一定的物质的量之比混合,在一定温度下搅拌反应一定时间,得到淡黄色粉末状固体,挥发浓缩溶液,过滤,粉末状固体用合适的溶剂洗涤,然后通过合适的溶剂重结晶,得无色棒状晶体,即为目标产物晶体;也可以不用反应溶剂,直接把两种原料按一定的物质的量之比混合,得到糊状物,常温下研磨,所得固体用合适的溶剂重结晶,也可以得到目标产物;以上三种方法的区别在于反应物不同,但反应物的摩尔比均介于4:1与1:2之间,有机溶剂(包括反应、洗涤、重结晶用溶剂)均选自:甲醇、乙醇、乙腈、二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氢呋喃、乙酸乙酯、甲苯、丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;在固相反应中不用溶剂,只是在重结晶过程中用到溶剂;三种方法中的反应温度和重结晶温度为常温或加热,反应方法为搅拌或静置,重结晶方法为静置状态下自然挥发;反应时间和重结晶时间选自:2小时-3天。
该晶体外观呈无色棒状,熔点158.8-159.4℃,分子式C22H24N2O6,分子量为412.43,化学名为:2,2'-(己烷-1,6-二基)二(3a,4,7,7a-四氢-4,7-环氧-1,3-二氢异吲哚-1,3-二酮),英文系统命名为:2,2'-(1,6-hexanediyl)bis(3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-epoxy-1,3-bishydroisoindole-1,3-dione),其结构如下:
元素分析表明,该二聚体C、H、N的百分含量分别为64.15%、5.91%和6.83%(按分子式C22H24N2O6计算的理论值分别为64.07%、5.87%和6.79%);单晶结构分析表明,其结晶为单斜晶系,P 21/n空间群,α=γ=90°,β=94.401(10)°,Z=2。
2、紫外和荧光性质。
在10-5mol/L乙醇溶液中测试本化合物的紫外光谱,发现其在207nm附近有紫外吸收峰(如附图1所示)。
同样是在10-5mol/L乙醇溶液中,用波长为296nm的紫外光激发,测试本化合物的荧光性质,发现其在300~450nm之间有强的荧光发射,荧光光谱见附图2;在紫外灯下肉眼可见紫色荧光。
3、紫外光谱的理论计算结果
为解释紫外光谱产生的机理,我们借助Gaussian 03软件,用TD-DFT理论,在b3lyp/6-311+g(d,p)/cpcm方法/基组下计算了该化合物的紫外光谱,计算为和实验所用溶剂相同的溶剂条件;计算结果列于附图3,可以发现,二者比较吻合,计算出的紫外光谱在205.8nm处有一个主要吸收峰,借助轨道分析发现,该吸收峰是由π→π*跃迁(主要是πC=O→π*C=C和πC=O→π*C=O共同作用)的结果。
4、杀虫实验
杀虫实验用小菜蛾幼虫为实验对象,用75%乙醇溶液作为溶剂,采用浸虫浸液法测定该化合物对小菜蛾幼虫的综合毒力;根据初步实验预测得到的小菜蛾幼虫的最低全致死浓度和最高全存活浓度,在此范围内设5-7个梯度浓度,将小菜蛾3龄幼虫浸入各浓度药液中5秒后放在吸水纸上吸去虫体上多余药液,放入铺有保湿滤纸的柱形瓶(直径3.5cm,高7.5cm)中;并将甘蓝叶片(大小约2cm×2cm)在药液中浸2-3秒,吸去多余药液,放入柱形瓶中供幼虫食用;每次处理10头幼虫,每个浓度梯度三次重复,以清水处理作为对照;将各处理放入气候培养箱中,控制温度为25℃左右,相对湿度75%。光周期14/10(L/D);24小时后检查幼虫死亡情况,根据统计结果求出毒力回归方程和致死中浓度LC50;测试结果表明,该化合物对小菜蛾幼虫的LC50值约为112mg/L。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明内容,下面通过三个具体实施例进一步说明本发明的技术方案。
实施例1。
将0.33g不饱和去甲基斑蝥素和0.12g己二胺混合研磨4小时,然后加入50ml乙腈溶解,自然挥发,可得无色棒状晶体,即为目标产物。
实施例2。
将0.33g不饱和去甲基斑蝥酰亚胺和0.25g 1,6-二溴己烷混合研磨4小时,然后加入50ml甲醇溶解,自然挥发,可得无色棒状晶体,即为目标产物。
附图说明
附图1是目标化合物的紫外-可见光谱图。
附图2是目标化合物的荧光光谱图。
附图3是用TD-DFT理论计算得到的目标化合物的紫外-可见光谱图。
Claims (2)
1.一种由六个亚甲基链连接的不饱和去甲基斑蝥酰亚胺二聚体在光学电子器件、DNA诊断、光化学传感器、有机颜料、染料、荧光增白剂、光氧化剂、荧光涂料、激光染料、有机电致发光器件、化学及生化分析、太阳能捕集器、防伪标记、药物示踪及激光领域的用途,该用途基于其荧光性质;该化合物外观呈无色棒状结晶,熔点158.8-159.4℃,分子式C22H24N2O6,其结构如下:
2.一种由六个亚甲基链连接的不饱和去甲基斑蝥酰亚胺二聚体及其在农药学上可接受的盐在制备农药中的应用,其特征在于,所述农药用于防治小菜蛾幼虫;该化合物的分子式和结构如权利要求1中所示。
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