CN108649418B - Self-starting nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser - Google Patents
Self-starting nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN108649418B CN108649418B CN201810652332.6A CN201810652332A CN108649418B CN 108649418 B CN108649418 B CN 108649418B CN 201810652332 A CN201810652332 A CN 201810652332A CN 108649418 B CN108649418 B CN 108649418B
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 8
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1106—Mode locking
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/081—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors
- H01S3/083—Ring lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/106—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity
- H01S3/108—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating by controlling devices placed within the cavity using non-linear optical devices, e.g. exhibiting Brillouin or Raman scattering
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Abstract
A self-starting nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser comprises a first filter, a second filter and one to two optical amplifying and spectrum broadening devices, wherein the first filter, one optical amplifying and spectrum broadening device, the second filter and the other optical amplifying and spectrum broadening device are connected into a ring shape through optical fibers, or the first filter, one optical amplifying and spectrum broadening device and the second filter are connected into a line shape through the optical fibers; the laser also comprises two light path switching components and a starting branch. The invention has the following effects: the mode-locking laser is an ultrashort pulse laser generator, integrates the advantages of two traditional mode-locking lasers, and can realize the self-starting of the ultrashort pulse laser on the premise of ensuring high power tolerance and good environmental stability by utilizing the switching of different mode-locking mechanisms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser equipment, and particularly relates to a self-starting nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser.
Background
Because ultra-short pulse laser can provide very high peak power in the moment and can complete work which cannot be completed by common laser technology, the ultra-short pulse laser has been widely used in the fields of scientific exploration, information, precision machining, medical treatment and the like. While mode-locked lasers are typically the usual devices for generating ultra-short pulsed lasers.
Conventional mode-locked lasers are typically implemented by incorporating a mode-lock in the cavity of a conventional laser, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, where the laser light is reflected back and forth between the mirrors 1 or is circulated in the ring cavity, each time through the optical amplifier 2 and the mode-lock 3.
The mode locker is a nonlinear loss device having high loss for low power light and low loss for high power light, and has a function of cutting low power optical signals by high power, so that laser power fluctuation in the cavity of the mode-locked laser is continuously amplified by the mode locker 3 to form optical pulses.
Current mode locks are typically fabricated using saturable absorbers made of saturable absorbing materials, including semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) mode locks, carbon nanotube mode locks, graphene mode locks, and the like. The mode locker of the technology is convenient to use and easy to realize self-starting, but has a serious problem of poor power tolerance, and can age and burn out under the action of long-time high-peak power light pulse.
In order to overcome the above problems, a new mode-locked laser, namely a nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser, has recently been developed, and the structure of the mode-locked laser is shown in fig. 3, 4 and 5.
Such a mode-locked laser mainly comprises a first filter 4, a second filter 5 and one to two optical amplifying and spectral broadening means 6. As shown in fig. 6, the spectra of the first filter 4 and the second filter 5 are staggered, i.e. the wavelengths are mismatched, and there is no spectral overlap. When a high peak power pulse (with a center wavelength of λ0) is transmitted in the loop, pulse amplification and spectrum broadening are generated under the action of an optical amplification and spectrum stretcher 6 (a gain fiber with nonlinear action), the degree of spectrum broadening depends on the peak power of an input pulse, the higher the peak power is, the wider the spectrum broadening is, the higher the peak power is, the spectrum of the spectrum broadening is transmitted into the transmission ranges of a first filter 4 and a second filter 5, so that part of the spectrum can pass through the first filter 4 and the second filter 5 to form a channel, and laser can be formed in the loop, and due to the small nonlinear action of a low-power pulse, the transmission power cannot be maintained in the loop, and nonlinear loss (low high-power loss and low-power loss are large) is realized in principle, namely, the function of a mode locker, so that high-power mode locking pulse can be output. Because the mode-locked laser does not use a saturable absorption mode-locked device, the mode-locked laser has the advantages of strong power tolerance, stability, long service life and the like.
However, since the spectra of the first filter 4 and the second filter 5 in the cavity of the mode-locked laser of this structure deviate, which is equivalent to that the optical path of the mode-locked laser is broken at low power, only spontaneous emission (ASE) exists in the initial state (when no pulse is injected yet), and the power thereof is far from reaching the level of nonlinear spectral broadening, so that it is impossible to pass through two mismatched filters at the same time, and thus laser output cannot be generated even more. Only after high-power seed pulses are injected from the outside, the pulses can be kept running under the action of nonlinear spectrum broadening, and the practical application of nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked lasers can not be limited by self-starting.
It can be seen that the above-described mode-locked lasers have respective advantages and disadvantages in terms of power tolerance, environmental stability and self-starting capability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a self-activatable nonlinear spectral broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the self-starting nonlinear spectral broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser provided by the invention is of a ring cavity structure, and comprises a first filter, a second filter and two optical amplifying and spectral broadening devices, wherein the first filter, one optical amplifying and spectral broadening device, the second filter and the other optical amplifying and spectral broadening device are connected into a ring shape through optical fibers, and the first filter and the second filter have different frequency spectrums; the self-starting nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser also comprises two light path switching components and a starting branch; each light path switching component is provided with two light path switches; two optical fibers connected with the first filter or the second filter are respectively provided with an optical path switching component, and an optical path switch on the optical path switching component is connected with the first filter or the second filter; the starting branch is formed by a third filter and a mode locker which are connected through optical fibers, and the third filter and the mode locker are respectively connected with another optical path switch on one optical path switching assembly through the optical fibers.
The third filter and the second filter or the first filter which are not connected with the optical path switching component have the same frequency spectrum.
The self-starting nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser provided by the invention is of a linear cavity structure and comprises two reflectors, a first filter, a second filter and an optical amplifying and spectrum broadening device, wherein one reflector, the first filter, the optical amplifying and spectrum broadening device, the second filter and the other reflector are sequentially connected into a linear shape through optical fibers, and the first filter and the second filter have different frequency spectrums; the self-starting nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser also comprises an optical path switching component and a starting branch; the optical path switching component is provided with two optical path switches which are connected to the optical fiber between the optical amplifying and spectrum stretcher and the first filter or the second filter, wherein one optical path switch is connected with the first filter or the second filter; the starting branch is formed by a third filter and a mode locker which are connected through an optical fiber, and the mode locker is connected with another optical path switch on the optical path switching assembly through the optical fiber.
The third filter is a reflection type filter, and has the same frequency spectrum as the second filter or the first filter which is not connected with the light path switching component.
The self-starting nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects: the mode-locking laser is an ultrashort pulse laser generator, integrates the advantages of two traditional mode-locking lasers, and can realize the self-starting of the ultrashort pulse laser on the premise of ensuring high power tolerance and good environmental stability by utilizing the switching of different mode-locking mechanisms. The mode-locked laser can work in two working states of a traditional mode-locked device and nonlinear stretching and offset filtering and can be switched seamlessly. And the two working modes share most of light paths, so that the quantity of the intra-cavity pulses during starting can be controlled, and the defect that the intra-cavity pulses are uncontrollable due to the fact that the extra-cavity injection seed light pulses are adopted is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art mode-locked laser with a linear cavity configuration.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a prior art mode-locked laser with a ring cavity structure.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a prior art nonlinear spectral broadening and offset filter mode-locked laser of a ring cavity structure.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a prior art nonlinear spectral broadening and offset filtered mode-locked laser with a linear cavity structure.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of another prior art nonlinear spectral broadening and offset filtered mode-locked laser structure with a linear cavity structure.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the filter and pulse spectra of a nonlinear spectral broadening and offset filtered mode-locked laser.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a self-activatable nonlinear spectral broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser with a ring cavity structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a self-activatable nonlinear spectral broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser with a linear cavity structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The self-priming nonlinear spectral broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. The same reference numerals are used for the same components as in the prior art.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 7, the self-activatable nonlinear spectral broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser provided in the present embodiment is of a ring cavity structure, and includes a first filter 4, a second filter 5, and two optical amplifying and spectral broadening devices 6, wherein the first filter 4, one optical amplifying and spectral broadening device 6, the second filter 5, and the other optical amplifying and spectral broadening device 6 are connected into a ring shape by optical fibers, and the first filter 4 and the second filter 5 have different frequency spectrums; the self-starting nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser also comprises two light path switching components 7 and a starting branch; each light path switching component 7 is provided with two light path switches; two optical fibers connected with the first filter 4 or the second filter 5 are respectively provided with an optical path switching component 7, and an optical path switch on the optical path switching component 7 is connected with the first filter 4 or the second filter 5; the startup branch is constituted by a third filter 8 and a mode locker 9 connected by an optical fiber, and the third filter 8 and the mode locker 9 are connected to another optical path switch on one optical path switching element 7 by optical fibers, respectively.
The third filter 8 and the second filter 5 or the first filter 4 which are not connected to the optical path switching element 7 have the same frequency spectrum.
The working principle of the self-starting nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser provided by the embodiment is explained as follows:
when the laser is started, an optical path switch connected with a starting branch on an optical path switching component 7 is firstly opened, so that the starting branch is connected, a traditional same-wavelength resonant circuit with a mode locker 9 is led to pass, in this case, a first filter 4 or a second filter 5 with the same frequency spectrum works with a third filter 8 and the mode locker 9, the mode locker laser can be started automatically under the action of the mode locker 9, an optical pulse is generated in a cavity, after the pulse power is high enough to generate spectrum broadening, the optical path switching component 7 is used for switching to another optical path switch, the starting branch is disconnected to protect the mode locker 9, so that a spectrum broadening and offset filtering laser loop is formed, in this case, the first filter 4 and the second filter 5 with different frequency spectrums work under the action of the optical amplifying and spectrum broadening device 6 and the two first filters 4 and the second filters 5 with different frequency spectrums, the pulse operation can be maintained and the power can be further improved, and finally ultra-short pulse laser is output.
Thus, the self-starting nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser provided by the invention can form two working loops: a spectrally broadened and offset filtered laser loop utilizing nonlinear spectral broadening and offset filtering principles and a same-wavelength resonant loop with a conventional start-up mode locker. The two working circuits share a substantial portion of the optical path and components, have nearly identical cavity lengths, and experience substantially identical circuit optical paths for pulses generated in the two working circuits. The two working loops of the mode-locked laser can be switched by the light path switch on the light path switching component, and can also be simultaneously connected for simultaneous working, so that the seamless switching of the working mechanism of the mode-locked laser can be realized.
Example two
As shown in fig. 8, the self-activatable nonlinear spectral broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser provided in the present embodiment is a linear cavity structure, and includes two reflectors 1, a first filter 4, a second filter 5 and an optical amplifying and spectral broadening device 6, wherein one of the reflectors 1, the first filter 4, the optical amplifying and spectral broadening device 6, the second filter 5 and the other reflector 1 are sequentially connected into a linear shape through optical fibers, and the first filter 4 and the second filter 5 have different spectrums; the self-starting nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser also comprises an optical path switching component 7 and a starting branch; the optical path switching component 7 is provided with two optical path switches which are connected to the optical fiber between the optical amplifying and spectrum stretcher 6 and the first filter 4 or the second filter 5, and one optical path switch is connected with the first filter 4 or the second filter 5; the startup branch is constituted by a third filter 8 and a mode locker 9 connected by an optical fiber, and the mode locker 9 is simultaneously connected to another optical path switch on the optical path switching element 7 by an optical fiber.
The third filter 8 is a reflective filter, and has the same frequency spectrum as the second filter 5 or the first filter 4 which is not connected to the optical path switching element 7.
The working principle of the self-starting nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser provided by the embodiment is explained as follows:
when the laser is started, an optical path switch connected with a starting branch on an optical path switching component 7 is firstly opened, so that the starting branch is connected, a traditional same-wavelength resonant circuit with a mode locker 9 is led to pass, in this case, a first filter 4 or a second filter 5 with the same frequency spectrum works with a third filter 8 and the mode locker 9, the mode locker laser can be started automatically under the action of the mode locker 9, an optical pulse is generated in a cavity, after the pulse power is high enough to generate spectrum broadening, the optical path switching component 7 is used for switching to another optical path switch, the starting branch is disconnected to protect the mode locker 9, so that a spectrum broadening and offset filtering laser loop is formed, in this case, the first filter 4 and the second filter 5 with different frequency spectrums work under the action of the optical amplifying and spectrum broadening device 6 and the two first filters 4 and the second filters 5 with different frequency spectrums, the pulse operation can be maintained and the power can be further improved, and finally ultra-short pulse laser is output.
Claims (4)
1. A self-priming nonlinear spectral broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser, characterized by: the self-starting nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser is of an annular cavity structure and comprises a first filter (4), a second filter (5) and two optical amplifying and spectrum broadening devices (6), wherein the first filter (4), one optical amplifying and spectrum broadening device (6), the second filter (5) and the other optical amplifying and spectrum broadening device (6) are connected into an annular shape through optical fibers, and the first filter (4) and the second filter (5) have different frequency spectrums; the self-starting nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser also comprises two light path switching components (7) and a starting branch; each light path switching component (7) is provided with two light path switches; two optical fibers connected with the first filter (4) or the second filter (5) are respectively provided with an optical path switching component (7), and an optical path switch on the optical path switching component (7) is connected with the first filter (4) or the second filter (5); the starting branch is formed by a third filter (8) and a mode locker (9) which are connected through optical fibers, and the third filter (8) and the mode locker (9) are respectively connected with another optical path switch on one optical path switching assembly (7) through the optical fibers.
2. The self-starting nonlinear spectral broadening and shifting filtered mode-locked laser of claim 1, wherein: the third filter (8) and the second filter (5) or the first filter (4) which are not connected with the optical path switching component (7) have the same frequency spectrum.
3. A self-priming nonlinear spectral broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser, characterized by: the self-starting nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser is of a linear cavity structure and comprises two reflectors (1), a first filter (4), a second filter (5) and an optical amplifying and spectrum broadening device (6), wherein one reflector (1), the first filter (4), the optical amplifying and spectrum broadening device (6), the second filter (5) and the other reflector (1) are sequentially connected into a linear shape through optical fibers, and the first filter (4) and the second filter (5) have different frequency spectrums; the self-starting nonlinear spectrum broadening and offset filtering mode-locked laser also comprises an optical path switching component (7) and a starting branch; the optical path switching assembly (7) is provided with two optical path switches which are connected to an optical fiber between the optical amplifying and spectrum stretcher (6) and the first filter (4) or the second filter (5), and one optical path switch is connected with the first filter (4) or the second filter (5); the starting branch is formed by a third filter (8) and a mode locker (9) which are connected through an optical fiber, and the mode locker (9) is connected with another optical path switch on the optical path switching assembly (7) through the optical fiber.
4. A self-priming nonlinear spectral broadening and shifting filtered mode-locked laser as defined in claim 3, wherein: the third filter (8) is a reflection type filter, and has the same frequency spectrum as the second filter (5) or the first filter (4) which are not connected with the optical path switching component (7).
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