CN108648976B - Method for determining assembling distance of grid mesh of electron gun based on multi-physical-field collaborative simulation - Google Patents

Method for determining assembling distance of grid mesh of electron gun based on multi-physical-field collaborative simulation Download PDF

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CN108648976B
CN108648976B CN201810601181.1A CN201810601181A CN108648976B CN 108648976 B CN108648976 B CN 108648976B CN 201810601181 A CN201810601181 A CN 201810601181A CN 108648976 B CN108648976 B CN 108648976B
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grid
shadow
distance
gate
cathode
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CN108648976A (en
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朱小芳
高鸾凤
胡权
胡玉禄
赵健翔
杨中海
李斌
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/44—Factory adjustment of completed discharge tubes or lamps to comply with desired tolerances
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/42—Measurement or testing during manufacture

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave vacuum electronic devices, and particularly relates to a method for determining the assembling distance of an electron gun grid mesh based on multi-physics field collaborative simulation. The invention applies multi-physical field collaborative simulation software ANSYS applied to the fields of structures, fluids, electric power and electromagnetic fields to the aspect of grid-control electron gun thermal collaborative simulation. The assembly interval is corrected, and the problems of resource waste, long development time and high development cost of the existing design method can be effectively avoided on the premise of ensuring that the design index is met by adopting the corrected assembly interval; and the shadow grid of the electron gun which generates thermal deformation contacts the cathode, so that the electron gun can not work normally.

Description

Method for determining assembling distance of grid mesh of electron gun based on multi-physical-field collaborative simulation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave vacuum electronic devices, and particularly relates to a method for determining the assembling distance of an electron gun grid mesh based on multi-physics field collaborative simulation.
Background
The traveling wave tube is a microwave vacuum electronic device for amplifying signal power, is a core device of military equipment, is called a 'heart' of weapon assembly, and is widely applied to navigation, electronic countermeasure, satellite communication and radar.
The electron gun is a key part of the traveling wave tube and provides stable and reliable electron beams for the traveling wave tube. The traveling wave tube generally employs an axisymmetric electron gun composed of a cathode, a focusing electrode and an anode (see fig. 1). The axisymmetric electron gun has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient control and easy debugging, but is not easy to cut off electron beams and is not suitable for being used in a microwave tube working in a pulse mode.
The grid-control electron gun is characterized in that a shadow grid and a control grid are added on the basis of an axisymmetric electron gun so as to achieve the purpose of controlling electron emission. The structure of the grid-controlled electron gun is shown in figure 2 and mainly comprises a cathode, an anode, a grid mesh (a control grid and a shadow grid) and a focusing electrode. The blocking of the electron beam is easily achieved by applying a negative voltage to the control gate and is widely used in microwave tubes operating in a pulsed manner. Electrons escaping from the surface of the cathode accelerate towards the anode hole under the action of an electric field between the cathode and the anode. The focusing electrode is used to confine the electrons to meet certain shape requirements.
When the cathode of the electron gun is heated to a certain temperature, electrons can escape from the cathode, and electron current is formed under the action of an electric field. Although the use of a single grid gives the electron current a very good laminar characteristic, it is easy to intercept the cathode current. To solve this problem, a shadow gate is added between the control gate and the cathode. The shadow gate shields the control gate from electrons so that electrons are not intercepted by the control gate. Because the shadow gate potential is lower than the control gate, under the condition of the same capture current, the power consumption generated on the shadow gate is smaller, and the capture current has less influence on the temperature and the deformation of the shadow gate.
The electron gun cathode typically operates at around 1050 c and because the distance between the shadow mask and the cathode surface is very small (typically only a few thousandths of an inch), the shadow mask temperature is also high, typically reaching around 900 c. The higher temperature of the shadow gate generates thermal stress deformation, which not only makes the shadow gate possibly contact with the cathode, but also makes the centering effect between the control gate and the shadow gate worse. The centering variation increases the intercepted current and power consumption of the control grid, and the power consumption increase enables the control grid to bear higher temperature and easily enables the control grid to be fused. In addition, the shadow mask that is thermally deformed may contact the cathode, thereby causing the electron gun to fail to operate properly.
At present, when designing a grid-controlled electron gun, a designer uses a distance between a grid and a cathode designed in a cold state as an assembly distance between the grid and the cathode. The test is carried out after the assembly is finished, and once the test is unqualified, the repeated process of design and test is needed to be repeated, so that the resource is greatly wasted, the development time is prolonged, and the development cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems or the defects, the invention provides a method for determining the grid mesh assembly interval of an electron gun based on multi-physical field collaborative simulation in order to solve a series of problems caused by the fact that the thermal effect is not considered in the design of the conventional grid-controlled electron gun.
The technical scheme is as follows:
step 1, according to the electrical performance requirement, a microwave tube simulation software is used for sleeving MTSS to design a grid-control electron gun. The distance between the cathode of the grid-controlled electron gun and the shadow grid satisfying the electrical performance requirement is recorded as d1The distance between the shadow gate and the control gate is d2See fig. 2.
And 2, performing thermal power collaborative simulation on the grid-controlled electron gun by using multi-physical-field collaborative simulation software ANSYS. Obtaining the deformation delta z of the cathode center position along the z axis according to the thermal simulation result1Deformation of the center position of the shadow grid along the z-axis Δ z2Deformation deltaz of control grid central position along z-axis3. Δ z > 0 indicates deformation in the positive z-axis direction. Δ z < 0 denotes deformation in the negative direction along the z-axis.
And 3, correcting the assembly distance between the cathode and the shadow grid in a cold state according to the deformation results of the cathode, the shadow grid and the control grid obtained in the step 2.
Recording the assembly distance between the cathode and the shadow grid as D1The distance between the anticathode and the shadow grid is corrected according to (1-1)
D1＝d1±|Δz1-Δz2| (1-1)
If Δ z is1＜0，Δz2If < 0, then D1＝d1+|Δz1-Δz2L, |; if Δ z is1＞0，Δz2If > 0, then D1＝d1+|Δz1-Δz2L, |; when the cathode and the shadow grid are deformed in the same direction along the axial direction, the distance d designed according to the electrical parameters is needed1On the basis of the above-mentioned difference value produced by deformation to make the distance between cathode and shadow grid reach d1。
If Δ z is1＜0，Δz2If > 0, then D1＝d1-|Δz2-Δz1L, |; if Δ z is1＞0，Δz2If < 0, then D1＝d1+|Δz1-Δz2L. When the deformation of the cathode and the shadow grid along the axial direction is reversed, the distance between the cathode and the shadow grid is increased, so d is used1Subtracting the increased distance between the cathode and the shadow grid to ensure that the distance between the cathode and the shadow grid just reaches d when the cathode and the shadow grid work1。
Step 4, according to the correction result D of the step 31And correcting the assembling distance between the shadow gate and the control gate in a cold state.
Note that the distance between the shadow gate and the control gate is D2. If D is1＞d1，Δz3If > 0, then D2＝d2+|D1-d1-Δz3L, |; when the distance D between the cathode and the shadow grid is corrected1＞d1When the control gate is changed in the positive axial direction, the distance between the shadow gate and the control gate is increased, so that d is used2Subtracting the increased distance between the shadow gate and the control gate to ensure that the distance between the shadow gate and the control gate reaches d when the shadow gate is designed in work2。
If D is1＞d1，Δz3If < 0, then D2＝d2+|D1-d1-Δz3|；
When the distance D between the cathode and the shadow grid is corrected1＞d1When the control gate is changed in the negative axial direction, the distance between the shadow gate and the control gate is reduced, so that d is used2Plus a reduced distance between them, so that the distance between the shadow gate and the control gate reaches d when the shadow gate and the control gate are designed in operation2。
If D is1＜d1，Δz3If > 0, then D2＝d2-|d1-D1+Δz3L, |; when modified cathode andspacing D between shadow gates1＜d1When the control gate is changed in the positive axial direction, the distance between the shadow gate and the control gate is increased, so that d is used2Subtracting the increased distance to ensure that the distance between the shadow gate and the control gate reaches d when the shadow gate and the control gate are designed in work2。
If D is1＜d1，Δz3If < 0, then D2＝d2+|d1-D1-Δz3L. When the distance D between the cathode and the shadow grid is corrected1＜d1When the control grid is changed along the axial negative direction, d is needed2Plus a reduced distance between them, so that the distance between the shadow gate and the control gate reaches d when the shadow gate and the control gate are designed in operation2。
Step 5, according to the assembly distance D corrected in the step 41，D2And (4) reestablishing a grid-control electronic gun model, and performing thermoelectric collaborative simulation on the corrected grid-control electronic gun by using ANSYS. Obtaining the distance between the cathode, the shadow grid and the control grid in the working state according to the simulation result, simulating the electrical property of the grid-controlled electron gun in the working state by using MTSS (maximum Transmission sheet), wherein the change is smaller compared with the electrical property in the uncorrected state, and the required performance index is met, so that D is calculated1，D2As the assembly distance between the cathode, the shadow gate and the control gate in the cold state. The correction method can avoid the situations of thermal deformation contact, poor centering and the like among the cathode, the shadow gate and the control gate in a working state, and can ensure that the electrical property of the gate control electron gun meets the requirements.
The invention applies multi-physical field collaborative simulation software ANSYS applied to the fields of structures, fluids, electric power and electromagnetic fields to the aspect of grid-control electron gun thermal collaborative simulation. And (3) performing thermal collaborative simulation on the grid-control electron gun by using ANSYS to obtain the deformation of the cathode, the shadow grid and the control grid relative to a symmetry axis z axis (such as the z axis shown in figure 3), and respectively correcting the assembly distances between the cathode and the shadow grid and between the shadow grid and the control grid according to the deformation quantity at the central position to determine the final assembly distance. By adopting the corrected assembly spacing, the spacing among the cathode, the shadow gate and the control gate can meet the design requirement, and deformation contact can not occur during working. After the method is used for correction, the electrical property change is small in the working state, and the design index is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a gridless axisymmetric electron gun;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a gated electron gun;
FIG. 3 shows the result of the electric performance settlement of the initial state of the electron gun;
FIG. 4 is a graph of axial thermal stress deformation of a shaded grid;
FIG. 5 is a graph of control gate thermal stress deformation along the axial direction;
fig. 6 is a graph of cathode thermal stress deformation along the axial direction.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by taking a grid-controlled electron gun with a cathode radius of 5.1mm as an example, and the invention is a universal method for determining the grid assembly spacing in a cold state.
Step 1, according to the electrical performance requirement, a microwave tube simulation software is used for sleeving MTSS to design a grid-control electron gun. The distance between the cathode of the grid-controlled electron gun and the shadow grid satisfying the electrical performance requirement is recorded as d1The distance between the shadow gate and the control gate is d2See fig. 2.
The design of a grid-control electron gun with the cathode radius of 5.1mm requires that the cathode emission current is more than 1.8A. MTSS simulation result is d1＝0.03mm,d20.47mm, the cathode emission current was 1856.8436 mA.
And 2, performing thermal power collaborative simulation on the grid-controlled electron gun by using ANSYS software. Obtaining the deformation delta z of the cathode center position along the z axis according to the thermal simulation result1Deformation of the center position of the shadow grid along the z-axis Δ z2Deformation deltaz of control grid central position along z-axis3. Δ z > 0 indicates deformation in the positive z-axis direction. Δ z < 0 denotes deformation in the negative direction along the z-axis.
And establishing a corresponding grid-control electron gun model in ANSYS, and carrying out thermal collaborative simulation on the grid-control electron gun to obtain the deformation of the cathode, the shadow grid and the control grid along the axial direction. Cathode center position, shadow grid center position, controlThe deformation of the central position of the grid along the axial direction is respectively delta z1＝0.026mm，Δz2＝0.029mm，Δz3-0.015 mm. The specific deformation is shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6.
And 3, correcting the assembly distance between the cathode and the shadow grid in a cold state according to the deformation results of the cathode, the shadow grid and the control grid obtained in the step 2. Recording the assembly distance between the cathode and the shadow grid as D1Thermal deformation of a grid-controlled electron gun1＝0.026mm，Δz20.029mm, according to D1＝d1+|Δz1-Δz2I, correcting the assembly distance between the cathode and the shadow grid in a cold state to be D1＝0.03+|0.026-0.029|＝0.033mm。
Step 4, according to the correction result D of the step 31And correcting the assembling distance between the shadow gate and the control gate in a cold state.
Due to D1＞d1，Δz3＜0，Δz3-0.015mm, according to D2＝d2+|D1-d1-Δz3I amending the assembly spacing of the control grid in a cold state to D2＝0.47+|0.033-0.03-(-0.015)|＝0.488mm。
Step 5, according to the assembly distance D corrected in the step 41，D2Modeling is carried out again, ANSYS is used for carrying out thermal collaborative simulation on the corrected grid-control electron gun, and the deformation delta z along the z axis of the cathode center position, the shadow grid center position and the control grid center position is obtained1＝0.026mm，Δz2＝0.029mm，Δz3The spacing of the cathode, shaded gate, control gate was then calculated and the electrical performance calculated using MTSS with a cathode emission current of 1840.2266 mm.
If the distance between the shadow grid and the cathode is not corrected, the distance between the shadow grid and the cathode is changed to 0.03+ 0.03-0.026-0.034 mm, and the distance between the shadow grid and the control grid is changed to 0.47-0.03-0.015-0.425 mm. The electrical property of the electron gun is calculated by using MTSS, the cathode emission current of the electron gun is 2018.9061mA, the cathode emission current is increased by 8.7%, the interception current is increased by 25.4%, and compared with the design requirement, the electrical property index is greatly changed.
And correcting the assembly distance, performing thermal collaborative simulation on the corrected electron gun by using ANSYS, and reproducing and modeling according to a simulation result. And calculating the electrical property of the corrected electron gun, wherein the cathode emission current is reduced by 0.8%, the interception current is reduced by 0.8%, and the change is smaller compared with the electrical property required by the design.
After the correction by the method, the electrical property meets the design requirement, and after the correction, the distance among the cathode, the shadow gate and the control gate can not reach the design requirement, and the cathode and the shadow gate can not be contacted with each other due to the deformation generated by thermal stress. Finally D1，D2As the assembly distance between the cathode, the shadow gate and the control gate in the cold state.
In conclusion, the problems of resource waste, long development time and high development cost of the existing design method can be effectively solved; and the shadow grid of the electron gun which generates thermal deformation contacts the cathode, so that the electron gun can not work normally.

Claims (1)

1. The method for determining the assembling distance of the grid mesh of the electron gun based on the multi-physical-field collaborative simulation specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, according to the electrical performance requirement, using microwave tube simulation software to suit MTSS to design a grid-control electron gun;
the distance between the cathode of the grid-controlled electron gun and the shadow grid satisfying the electrical performance requirement is recorded as d1The distance between the shadow gate and the control gate is d2；
Step 2, performing thermal power collaborative simulation on the grid-controlled electron gun by using ANSYS software;
obtaining the deformation delta z of the cathode center position along the z axis according to the thermal simulation result1Deformation of the center position of the shadow grid along the z-axis Δ z2Deformation deltaz of control grid central position along z-axis3(ii) a Δ z > 0 indicates deformation in the positive z-axis direction, and Δ z < 0 indicates deformation in the negative z-axis direction;
step 3, correcting the assembly distance between the cathode and the shadow grid in a cold state according to the deformation results of the cathode, the shadow grid and the control grid obtained in the step 2;
memory yinThe assembly distance between the electrode and the shadow grid is D1The distance between the anticathode and the shadow grid is corrected according to (1-1)
D1＝d1±|Δz1-Δz2| (1-1)
If Δ z is1＜0，Δz2If < 0, then D1＝d1+|Δz1-Δz2L, |; if Δ z is1＞0，Δz2If > 0, then D1＝d1+|Δz1-Δz2L, |; when the cathode and the shadow grid are deformed in the same direction along the axial direction, the distance d is designed according to the electrical parameters1On the basis of the above-mentioned difference value produced by deformation to make the distance between cathode and shadow grid reach d1；
If Δ z is1＜0，Δz2If > 0, then D1＝d1-|Δz2-Δz1L, |; if Δ z is1＞0，Δz2If < 0, then D1＝d1+|Δz1-Δz2L, |; when the deformation of the cathode and the shadow grid along the axial direction is reversed, d is used1Subtracting the increased distance between the cathode and the shadow grid to ensure that the distance between the cathode and the shadow grid just reaches d when the cathode and the shadow grid work1；
Step 4, according to the correction result D of the step 31Correcting the assembly distance between the shadow gate and the control gate in a cold state, and recording the distance between the shadow gate and the control gate as D2；
If D is1＞d1，Δz3If > 0, then D2＝d2+|D1-d1-Δz3L, |; when the distance D between the cathode and the shadow grid is corrected1＞d1When the control grid changes along the positive axial direction, the distance between the shadow grid and the control grid is increased, and d is used2Subtracting the increased distance between the shadow gate and the control gate to ensure that the distance between the shadow gate and the control gate reaches d when the shadow gate is designed in work2；
If D is1＞d1，Δz3If < 0, then D2＝d2+|D1-d1-Δz3L, |; when modified between cathode and shadow gridDistance D1＞d1When the control grid changes along the axial negative direction, the distance between the shadow grid and the control grid becomes smaller, and d is used2Plus a reduced distance between them, so that the distance between the shadow gate and the control gate reaches d when the shadow gate and the control gate are designed in operation2；
If D is1＜d1，Δz3If > 0, then D2＝d2-|d1-D1+Δz3L, |; when the distance D between the cathode and the shadow grid is corrected1＜d1When the control grid changes along the positive axial direction, the distance between the shadow grid and the control grid is increased, and d is used2Subtracting the increased distance to ensure that the distance between the shadow gate and the control gate reaches d when the shadow gate and the control gate are designed in work2；
If D is1＜d1，Δz3If < 0, then D2＝d2+|d1-D1-Δz3L, |; when the distance D between the cathode and the shadow grid is corrected1＜d1When the control grid is changed along the axial negative direction, use d2Plus a reduced distance between them, so that the distance between the shadow gate and the control gate reaches d when the shadow gate and the control gate are designed in operation2；
Step 5, according to the assembly distance D corrected in the step 41，D2As the assembly distance between the cathode, the shadow gate and the control gate in the cold state.
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