CN108647740A - The method for carrying out multi-source precipitation fusion using high-resolution landform and meteorological factor - Google Patents
The method for carrying out multi-source precipitation fusion using high-resolution landform and meteorological factor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods carrying out multi-source precipitation fusion using high-resolution landform and meteorological factor, include the following steps：The DEM raster datas for extracting target basin, obtain the mask files in basin；By target basin DEM raster datas calculate the gradient in target basin, slope aspect, roughness of ground surface, to the distance in coastline；The air speed data in basin is extracted according to mask files；The satellite precipitation data in basin is extracted using mask files；NO emissions reduction is carried out to original satellite precipitation, obtains the satellite precipitation of Rkm：Calculate the deviation of the satellite precipitation and actual measurement website precipitation after NO emissions reduction；Using Geographical Weighted Regression Model, the precipitation deviation of Rkm grids is calculated；Obtain Rkm fusion Precipitation Products.The present invention merges station data and satellite Precipitation Products and carries out NO emissions reduction to satellite precipitation, obtains the Precipitation Products of high-spatial and temporal resolution, can realize the conversion of precipitation data from point to surface, and the input to refine hydrological model provides data supporting.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the hydrology and meteorological technical field, and in particular to a kind of to utilize high-resolution landform and meteorological factor
Carry out multi-source precipitation fusion method.
Background technology
China is the country that a flood takes place frequently, and hydrological model is the important means for solving flood.Precipitation is made
For the input source of hydrological model most critical, the precision and timeliness of precipitation directly affect the precision and reliability of analog result.
The acquisition modes of precipitation data mainly have ground observation, satellite and radar quantitative precipitation estimation, pattern quantitative at present
Precipitation forecast.For a long time, the routine observation of precipitation depends on the observation website for being laid in earth's surface, using limited observation
As a result the true precipitation within the scope of periphery tens or even hundreds of square kilometres is represented.Size, type of practical precipitation etc. have aobvious
The Spatial-Temporal Variability of work, ground station have that Points replacing surfaces, the area observation precipitation of especially website rareness cannot have
The Spatial Variability of effect reflection space precipitation, the limitations of precipitation measurement become the difficult point in hydrologic research.Radar is quantitative
Precipitation estimation has the advantages that spatial resolution is high, real-time, but because being easy to be influenced by covering, coverage area has
Limit.Along with the development of domestic and international satellite remote sensing technology, the remote sensing precipitation measurement based on weather radar and satellite is able to constantly complete
It is kind, the deficiency of ground station spatial distribution is compensated for, also provides new means for the monitoring of precipitation.Currently, satellite remote sensing exists
Obtain change in time and space Global Precipitation in terms of have unique advantage, provide unprecedented satellite Precipitation Products such as TRMM,
GPM, COMRPH, PERSIANN, FY-3B, FY-3C etc..Satellite quantitative precipitation estimation has broad covered area, observation time more continuous
Advantage, but due to limitations such as remote sensing instrument, inversion algorithms, the spatial resolutions of satellite Precipitation Products is low, precision phase
To relatively low, and it is very limited to the inverting ability of solid precipitation.
Merging station data becomes the effective way for improving Precipitation Products with satellite radar precipitation, the side of precipitation fusion at present
There are many method, such as：Optimize the methods of interpolation, Kalman filtering, particle filter, Bayesian Estimation, probability density, above method
It is not directed to the NO emissions reduction of satellite precipitation.
Invention content
In order to obtain the Precipitation Products of high-spatial and temporal resolution, the present invention provides using high-resolution landform and it is meteorological because
Son carries out multi-source precipitation fusion method.Using the terrain data and meteorological data of high-spatial and temporal resolution, fusion website surveys precipitation
NO emissions reduction is carried out with satellite Precipitation Products and to satellite precipitation, the Precipitation Products of high-spatial and temporal resolution is obtained, can realize precipitation
The conversion of data from point to surface, the input to refine hydrological model provide data supporting.
In order to obtain high-resolution precipitation fusion product, the present invention specifically uses following technical scheme：
It is a kind of to carry out multi-source precipitation fusion method using high-resolution landform and meteorological factor, which is characterized in that including
Following steps：
Step 1, the DEM raster datas in extraction target basin, obtain the mask files in basin；
Step 2, by target basin DEM raster datas calculate the gradient in target basin, slope aspect, roughness of ground surface, to sea
The distance of water front；
Step 3, the air speed data in basin is extracted according to mask files；
Step 4, the satellite precipitation data in basin is extracted using mask files；
Step 5, NO emissions reduction is carried out to original satellite precipitation, obtains the satellite precipitation of Rkm：
Step 6, the deviation of the satellite precipitation and actual measurement website precipitation after NO emissions reduction is calculated；
Step 7, using Geographical Weighted Regression Model, the precipitation deviation of Rkm grids is calculated；Wherein, Geographical Weighted Regression mould
Type is：
In formula：yiFor precipitation deviation；a0For constant term；xikIt is the matrix of i*k, i is grid number, and k represents the type of variable,
That is DEM, the gradient, slope aspect, roughness of ground surface, distance and wind speed to coastline；aikFor corresponding coefficient entry；
aik=(xik Tw(i)xik)-1xik Tw(i)yi (5)
In formula：xik TFor matrix transposition；W (i) is weight；
Step 8, the precipitation deviation of Rkm grids adds the satellite precipitation of Rkm, obtains Rkm fusion Precipitation Products；
In formula：To merge Precipitation Products,For the satellite precipitation of original Rkm,For the inclined of Rkm grids
Difference.
The coefficient entry a of Geographical Weighted Regression ModelikFor：
aik=(xik Tw(i)xik)-1xik Tw(i)yi (5)
In formula：xikFor DEM, the gradient, slope aspect, roughness of ground surface, to coastline distance, wind speed matrix；XTTurn for matrix
It sets；W (i) is weight.
Step 5 to original satellite precipitation carry out NO emissions reduction to Rkm satellite precipitation be：
In formula, f (x, y) is the satellite precipitation at coordinate points (x, y)；Q11=(x1, y1)、Q12=(x1, y2)、Q21=(x2,
y1)、Q22=(x2, y2) be original satellite acquisition four coordinate points.
Website measured data and the satellite precipitation data after NO emissions reduction are combined in the step 6, calculate precipitation deviation, packet
It includes：
Step 61, according to the longitude and latitude of actual measurement website, the position of actual measurement website within a grid is determined, i.e., website is in basin
Row and column；
In formula：Row is the row where station data, and col is the row where station data, and delta is the sky of basin data
Between resolution ratio, latuFor the maximum latitude in basin, lonlFor the minimum longitude in basin, latsFor the latitude of website；lonsFor website
Longitude；
Step 62, according to the ranks number of website, the grid precipitation data corresponding to website is read；
Step 63, the satellite precipitation of the grid corresponding to website precipitation subtracts website actual measurement precipitation, obtains website and corresponds to net
The precipitation deviation of lattice.
In the step 8, the precipitation deviation of Rkm grids adds the satellite precipitation of Rkm, obtains Rkm fusion Precipitation Products, packet
It includes：
In formula：To merge Precipitation Products,For the satellite precipitation of original Rkm,For the inclined of Rkm grids
Difference.
The DEM raster datas that target basin is extracted in the step 1, specifically include following steps：
Step 11, low-lying area is filled out；
Step 12, flow direction is calculated；
Step 13, confluence flow is calculated；
Step 14, determine that basin exports website；
Step 15, extraction target basin.
In the step 2 using basin DEM raster datas calculate basin grandient, slope aspect, roughness of ground surface, to coastline
Distance, including：
Step 21, the basin grandient of Rkm is calculated by target basin dem data；
Step 22, the basin slope aspect of Rkm is calculated by target basin DEM raster datas；
Step 23, the basin roughness of ground surface of Rkm is calculated by target basin DEM raster datas；
Step 24, by target basin DEM raster datas and China sea water front, the distance to coastline of Rkm is calculated.
According to basin mask files in the step 3, the air speed data in basin is obtained, including：
Step 31, the air speed data in the whole world is downloaded in European Union's Meteorological Center；
Step 32, according to mask files in step 1 as Basin Boundary, the air speed data in extraction target basin.
The satellite precipitation data in basin is extracted in the step 4 according to mask files, including：
Step 41, whole world CMORPH satellite precipitation datas are downloaded, obtain the coverage area of CMORPH, spatial resolution, with
And temporal resolution；
Step 42, it is Basin Boundary, the satellite precipitation data in extraction target basin according to mask in step 1.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：It is provided by the invention a kind of high-resolution landform and meteorological factor to be utilized to carry out multi-source
Precipitation fusion method, according to the DEM in basin, it is proposed that the gradient, slope aspect, roughness of ground surface, the distance to coastline in basin；According to
According to mask files extraction wind speed, the satellite precipitation data in basin, in conjunction with satellite precipitation and website precipitation, to the fusion of multi-source precipitation
The NO emissions reduction of satellite precipitation is realized simultaneously.This method number based on the terrain factor of high-spatial and temporal resolution and meteorological factor
According to, data source is reliable and stable, and the functional relation in method between variable is clear, and the deviation of website and satellite precipitation is utilized,
Satellite precipitation is corrected, ensure that the objective rationality of result；It compensates for satellite precipitation and website precipitation is respective scarce
Point realizes the conversion a little to face, has obtained the Precipitation Products of high-spatial and temporal resolution, and the input to refine hydrological model provides
Data supporting.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the calculation process schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the basin DEM schematic diagrames that the present invention extracts.
Fig. 3 is the basin mask schematic diagrames that the present invention extracts.
Fig. 4 is calculated basin grandient schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is calculated basin slope aspect schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the roughness of ground surface schematic diagram extracted in the present invention.
Fig. 7 be the present invention extract to coastline apart from schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is the mean wind speed schematic diagram for many years that the present invention extracts.
Fig. 9 is the original precipitation schematic diagram of satellite extracted in the present invention.
Figure 10 is the satellite precipitation schematic diagram after bilinear interpolation in the present invention.
Figure 11 is that fusion Precipitation Products schematic diagram is obtained in the present invention.
Figure 12 is original satellite data, station data and fusion results contrast schematic diagram in the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will be further described in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
It a kind of carrying out multi-source precipitation as shown in Figure 1, provided by the invention using high-resolution landform and meteorological factor and melts
Conjunction method, includes the following steps：
Step 1, the DEM raster datas and mask files in extraction target basin, specially：
Step 11, low-lying area is filled out；
Step 12, flow direction is calculated；
Step 13, confluence flow is calculated；
Step 14, determine that basin exports website；
Step 15, extraction target basin；
Step 2, using basin DEM raster datas calculate basin grandient, slope aspect, roughness of ground surface, to coastline away from
From specially：
Step 21, the basin grandient of Rkm is calculated by target basin dem data；
Step 22, the basin slope aspect of Rkm is calculated by target basin DEM raster datas；
Step 23, the basin roughness of ground surface of Rkm is calculated by target basin DEM raster datas；
Step 24, by target basin DEM raster datas and China sea water front, the distance to coastline of Rkm is calculated；
Step 3, according to basin mask files, the air speed data in basin is obtained, specially：
Step 31, the air speed data in the whole world is downloaded in European Union's Meteorological Center (ECWMF)；
Step 32, according to mask files in step 1 as Basin Boundary, the air speed data in extraction target basin；
Step 4, according to mask files, the satellite precipitation data in basin is extracted, specially：
Step 41, whole world CMORPH satellite precipitation datas are downloaded, specify the coverage area of CMORPH, spatial resolution, when
Between resolution ratio etc.；
Step 42, it is Basin Boundary, the satellite precipitation data in extraction target basin according to mask in 1；
Step 5, the original satellite precipitation of acquisition obtains the satellite precipitation data of Rkm using the method for bilinear interpolation,
Specially：
Bilinear interpolation is the linear interpolation extension of the interpolating function there are two variable, and core concept is in both direction
Linear interpolation is carried out respectively.Original satellite precipitation spatial resolution is 8km, and obtaining spatial resolution by bilinear interpolation is
The satellite precipitation data of Rkm.
If obtaining the value that unknown function f is put in P=f (x, y), it is assumed that known function f is in Q11=(x1, y1)、Q12=
(x1, y2)、Q21=(x2, y1)、Q22=(x2, y2) four points value.Interpolation publicity is as follows：
Step 6, in conjunction with the satellite precipitation data after website measured data and NO emissions reduction, precipitation deviation is calculated, specially：
Step 61, according to the longitude and latitude of actual measurement website, the position of actual measurement website within a grid is determined, i.e., website is in basin
Row and column；
In formula：Row is the row where station data, and delta is the spatial resolution of basin data, latuMost for basin
Big latitude, latsFor the latitude of website.
In formula：Col is the row where station data, and delta is the spatial resolution of basin data, lonlMost for basin
Small longitude, lonsFor the longitude of website.
Step 62, according to the ranks number of website, the grid precipitation data corresponding to website is read；
Step 63, the satellite precipitation of the grid corresponding to website precipitation subtracts website actual measurement precipitation, obtains website and corresponds to net
The precipitation deviation of lattice；Step 7, Geographical Weighted Regression Model is built, calculates the precipitation deviation step of each grids of Rkm, specially：
Step 71, according to deviation, the landform of high-spatial and temporal resolution and meteorological factor, Geographical Weighted Regression Model is built；
In formula：yiFor precipitation deviation, xikFor DEM, the gradient, slope aspect, roughness of ground surface, arrive coastline distance, wind speed, aikFor
Corresponding coefficient entry.
Step 72, the coefficient of Geographical Weighted Regression Model is estimated；
aik=(xik Tw(i)xik)-1xik Tw(i)yi (5)
In formula：aikFor the coefficient of the i-th grid, xikFor DEM, the gradient, slope aspect, roughness of ground surface, arrive coastline distance, wind
The matrix of speed, w (i) are weight.
Step 73, it brings publicity 5 into formula 4, calculates the deviation of each grid；
Step 8, the precipitation deviation of Rkm grids adds the satellite precipitation of Rkm, obtains Rkm fusion Precipitation Products, specially：
In formula：To merge Precipitation Products,For the satellite precipitation of original Rkm,For the inclined of Rkm grids
Difference.
By taking Shaanxi Province's meridian river valley as an example, research area's DEM initial data uses US Geological Survey (USUG) and state
The digital elevation data that family's Fundamental Geographic Information System center complex provides, specially：
Step 1, the mask files of the DEM raster datas and basin in extraction target basin, specially：
Step 11, low-lying area is filled out；
Step 12, flow direction is calculated；
Step 13, flow threshold is set, confluence flow is calculated；
Step 14, determine that basin exports website；
Step 15, target basin DEM is extracted, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
Step 2, using basin DEM raster datas calculate basin grandient, slope aspect, roughness of ground surface, to coastline away from
From specially：
Step 21, the basin grandient of Rkm is calculated by target basin dem data, as shown in Figure 4；
Step 22, the basin slope aspect of Rkm is calculated by target basin DEM raster datas, as shown in Figure 5；
Step 23, the basin roughness of ground surface of Rkm is calculated by target basin DEM raster datas, as shown in Figure 6；
Step 24, by target basin DEM raster datas and China sea water front, the distance to coastline of Rkm is calculated,
As shown in Figure 7；
Step 3, according to basin mask files, the air speed data in basin is obtained, specially：
Step 31, the air speed data in the whole world is downloaded in European Union's Meteorological Center (ECWMF)；
Step 32, according to mask files in step 1 as Basin Boundary, the air speed data in extraction target basin, such as Fig. 8 institutes
Show；
Step 4, according to mask files, the satellite precipitation data in basin is extracted, specially：
Step 41, whole world CMORPH satellite precipitation datas are downloaded, specify the coverage area of CMORPH, spatial resolution, when
Between resolution ratio etc.；
Step 42, it is Basin Boundary according to mask in 1, extracts the satellite precipitation data in target basin, as shown in Figure 9；
Step 5, the original satellite precipitation taken obtains the satellite precipitation of Rkm, specially using the method for bilinear interpolation：
Bilinear interpolation is the linear interpolation extension of the interpolating function there are two variable, and core concept is in both direction
Linear interpolation is carried out respectively.Original satellite precipitation spatial resolution is 8km, and obtaining spatial resolution by bilinear interpolation is
The satellite precipitation data of Rkm, as shown in Figure 10.
If obtaining the value that unknown function f is put in P=f (x, y), it is assumed that known function f is in Q11=(x1, y1)、Q12=
(x1, y2)、Q21=(x2, y1)、Q22=(x2, y2) four points value.Interpolation publicity is as follows：
Step 6, in conjunction with the satellite precipitation data after website measured data and NO emissions reduction, calculating precipitation deviation is specially：
Step 61, according to the longitude and latitude of actual measurement website, the position of actual measurement website within a grid is determined, i.e., website is in basin
Row and column；
In formula：Row is the row where station data, and delta is the spatial resolution of basin data, latuMost for basin
Big latitude, latsFor the latitude of website.
In formula：Col is the row where station data, and delta is the spatial resolution of basin data, lonlMost for basin
Small longitude, lonsFor the longitude of website.
Step 62, according to the ranks number of website, the grid precipitation data corresponding to website is read；
Step 63, the satellite precipitation of the grid corresponding to website precipitation subtracts website actual measurement precipitation, obtains website and corresponds to net
The precipitation deviation of lattice；Step 7, using Geographical Weighted Regression Model, the precipitation deviation of each grids of Rkm is calculated, specially：
Step 71, according to deviation, the landform of high-spatial and temporal resolution and meteorological factor, Geographical Weighted Regression Model is built；
In formula：yiFor precipitation deviation, xikFor DEM, the gradient, slope aspect, roughness of ground surface, arrive coastline distance, wind speed, aikFor
Corresponding coefficient entry.
Step 72, the coefficient of Geographical Weighted Regression Model is estimated；
aik=(xik Tw(i)xik)-1XxikTw(i)yi (5)
In formula：aikFor the coefficient of the i-th grid, xikFor DEM, the gradient, slope aspect, roughness of ground surface, arrive coastline distance, wind
The matrix of speed, w (i) are weight.
Step 73, it brings publicity 5 into formula 4, calculates the deviation of each grid；
Step 8, the precipitation deviation of Rkm grids adds the satellite precipitation of Rkm, obtains Rkm fusion Precipitation Products, specially：
In formula：To merge Precipitation Products,For the satellite precipitation of original Rkm,For Rkm grids
Deviation.
The product for merging precipitation is as shown in figure 11.
For methods of exhibiting as a result, the summer for choosing meridian river valley verified, as shown in figure 12, respectively satellite
Original precipitation, website precipitation, fusion precipitation.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method carrying out multi-source precipitation fusion using high-resolution landform and meteorological factor, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step：
Step 1, the DEM raster datas in extraction target basin, obtain the mask files in basin；
Step 2, by target basin DEM raster datas calculate the gradient in target basin, slope aspect, roughness of ground surface, to coastline
Distance；
Step 3, the air speed data in basin is extracted according to mask files；
Step 4, the satellite precipitation data in basin is extracted using mask files；
Step 5, NO emissions reduction is carried out to original satellite precipitation, obtains the satellite precipitation of Rkm：
Step 6, the deviation of the satellite precipitation and actual measurement website precipitation after NO emissions reduction is calculated；
Step 7, using Geographical Weighted Regression Model, the precipitation deviation of Rkm grids is calculated；Wherein, Geographical Weighted Regression Model is：
In formula：yiFor precipitation deviation；a0For constant term；xikIt is the matrix of i*k, i is grid number, and k represents the type of variable, i.e.,
DEM, the gradient, slope aspect, roughness of ground surface, distance and wind speed to coastline；aikFor corresponding coefficient entry；θiIt is inclined to calculate
Difference；
aik=(xik Tw(i)xik)-1xik Tw(i)yi (5)
In formula：xik TFor matrix transposition；W (i) is weight；
Step 8, the precipitation deviation of Rkm grids adds the satellite precipitation of Rkm, obtains Rkm fusion Precipitation Products；
In formula：To merge Precipitation Products,For the satellite precipitation of original Rkm,For the deviation of Rkm grids.
2. the method according to claim 1 for carrying out multi-source precipitation fusion using high-resolution landform and meteorological factor,
It is characterized in that, the coefficient entry a of Geographical Weighted Regression ModelikFor：
aik=(xik Tw(i)xik)-1xik Tw(i)yi (5)
In formula：xikFor DEM, the gradient, slope aspect, roughness of ground surface, to coastline distance, wind speed matrix；XTFor matrix transposition；w
(i) it is weight.
3. the method according to claim 1 for carrying out multi-source precipitation fusion using high-resolution landform and meteorological factor,
It is characterized in that, the satellite precipitation that step 5 carries out original satellite precipitation NO emissions reduction to Rkm is：
In formula, f (x, y) is the satellite precipitation at coordinate points (x, y)；Q11=(x1, y1)、Q12=(x1, y2)、Q21=(x2, y1)、
Q22=(x2, y2) be original satellite acquisition four coordinate points.
4. according to the side for carrying out multi-source precipitation fusion using high-resolution landform and meteorological factor described in claim 3
Method, it is characterised in that：Website measured data and the satellite precipitation data after NO emissions reduction are combined in the step 6, calculate precipitation
Deviation, including：
Step 61, according to the longitude and latitude of actual measurement website, determine actual measurement website position within a grid, i.e., website basin row and
Row；
In formula：Row is the row where station data, and col is the row where station data, and delta is the space point of basin data
Resolution, latuFor the maximum latitude in basin, lonlFor the minimum longitude in basin, latsFor the latitude of website；lonsFor the warp of website
Degree；
Step 62, according to the ranks number of website, the grid precipitation data corresponding to website is read；
Step 63, the satellite precipitation of the grid corresponding to website precipitation subtracts website actual measurement precipitation, obtains website and corresponds to grid
Precipitation deviation.
5. the method according to claim 4 for carrying out multi-source precipitation fusion using high-resolution landform and meteorological factor,
It is characterized in that, in the step 8, the precipitation deviation of Rkm grids adds the satellite precipitation of Rkm, obtains Rkm fusion precipitation productions
Product, including：
In formula：To merge Precipitation Products,For the satellite precipitation of original Rkm,For the deviation of Rkm grids.
6. the method according to claim 1 for carrying out multi-source precipitation fusion using high-resolution landform and meteorological factor,
It is characterized in that, extracting the DEM raster datas in target basin in the step 1, following steps are specifically included：
Step 11, low-lying area is filled out；
Step 12, flow direction is calculated；
Step 13, confluence flow is calculated；
Step 14, determine that basin exports website；
Step 15, extraction target basin.
7. the method according to claim 1 for carrying out multi-source precipitation fusion using high-resolution landform and meteorological factor,
It is characterized in that, calculating basin grandient using basin DEM raster datas in the step 2, slope aspect, roughness of ground surface, arriving sea
The distance of water front, including：
Step 21, the basin grandient of Rkm is calculated by target basin dem data；
Step 22, the basin slope aspect of Rkm is calculated by target basin DEM raster datas；
Step 23, the basin roughness of ground surface of Rkm is calculated by target basin DEM raster datas；
Step 24, by target basin DEM raster datas and China sea water front, the distance to coastline of Rkm is calculated.
8. the method according to claim 1 for carrying out multi-source precipitation fusion using high-resolution landform and meteorological factor,
It is characterized in that, the air speed data in basin is obtained according to basin mask files in the step 3, including：
Step 31, the air speed data in the whole world is downloaded in European Union's Meteorological Center；
Step 32, according to mask files in step 1 as Basin Boundary, the air speed data in extraction target basin.
9. according to the side for carrying out multi-source precipitation fusion using high-resolution landform and meteorological factor described in claim 1
Method, which is characterized in that the satellite precipitation data in basin is extracted in the step 4 according to mask files, including：
Step 41, whole world CMORPH satellite precipitation datas are downloaded, obtain the coverage area of CMORPH, spatial resolution, with timely
Between resolution ratio；
Step 42, it is Basin Boundary, the satellite precipitation data in extraction target basin according to mask in step 1.
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