CN108646646A - A kind of aquaculture nursery base TT＆C system - Google Patents
A kind of aquaculture nursery base TT＆C system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108646646A CN108646646A CN201810822282.1A CN201810822282A CN108646646A CN 108646646 A CN108646646 A CN 108646646A CN 201810822282 A CN201810822282 A CN 201810822282A CN 108646646 A CN108646646 A CN 108646646A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/04—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers
- G05B19/042—Programme control other than numerical control, i.e. in sequence controllers or logic controllers using digital processors
- G05B19/0423—Input/output
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/20—Pc systems
- G05B2219/25—Pc structure of the system
- G05B2219/25257—Microcontroller
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of aquaculture nursery base TT＆C systems, the situations of change such as long-term observation water temperature, temperature are needed in some large-scale aquicultures or breeding experiment base, if there is abnormal timely alert process, measurement and control instrument starts corresponding execution equipment, and measured parameter is made to be restored in range of set value.The case where 1 Centralized Controller is arranged in each monitoring section, and the data of measurement are uploaded to Centralized Controller by measurement and control instrument by power line communication, and administrative staff use cell phone application, the computer management system of computer to access master station, understand each monitoring section.
Description
(1) technical field：
The present invention relates to a kind of aquaculture nursery base TT＆C systems, including Centralized Controller and each measurement and control instrument, are adopted
With power line communication method, crosses 0 area's specified point to grid cyclic wave voltage and send wide pulse signal generation mutation current, as signal
Position value, Centralized Controller receives the data of each measurement and control instrument acquisition, and it is logical by wireless router to access 4G mobile wireless
Communication network, from regardless of all mobile phone, computer and handheld mobile device can be used to realize Wireless Networking in where.
(2) background technology：
The communication of current power line refers mainly to power line carrier communication and bi-directional Glenn shunt.Power line carrier communication PLC profits
Signal is transmitted by carrier system with existing power line.But distribution transformer has iris action to power carrier signal, simultaneously
Transmission has the very big loss of signal again between three-phase power line, so power carrier signal can only be in a distribution transformer platform area
Transmission, and can only be transmitted in single-phase electricity line.In practical application, when power line zero load, point-to-point carrier signal can be transferred to
Several kilometers, but when load is very heavy on power line, tens meters can only be transmitted, therefore power line carrier communication is only applied remote at present
In journey meter reading, also need to coordinate other means of communication.
Bi-directional Glenn shunt TWACS is utilized is added modulated signal in power-frequency voltage fundamental wave zero passage area, with the electricity in this region
The distorted signal of pressure or current waveform carries information.TWACS system equipments exist only in substation and user terminal.Wherein by power transformation
The stand channel transmitted to user terminal is output channel, carries information using the modulation of voltage waveform, is passed from user terminal to substation
Defeated channel is input channel, and information is transmitted using the variation of current waveform.Its receiving and transmitting signal passes through coupling transformer and electricity
Power net is crosslinked.
The detection of TW A CS signals is mainly based upon time-domain difference technology, these methods mostly data processing complex, in real time
Property it is poor, equipment cost is high, needs to acquire a large amount of signal of multiple cycles relatively and carries out A/D conversions respectively, then carries out complicated meter
It calculates, just can determine that the signal position is " 1 " or " 0 ", due to the preciseness of calculating, interference signal can seriously affect detected signal
Judgement as a result, therefore original method be difficult China apply.
Clock timer and synchrotimer is arranged in the present invention, and the true and false judgement of synchrotimer and cycle signal is screened
With reference to my 2016 yearly correlation patents.
(3) invention content：
Power line bi-directional Glenn shunt be when silicon-controlled 30 ° of triggering and conductings before zero crossing of modulation circuit, by every
Modulated signal is generated from transformer, makes grid cyclic wave that short circuit distortion occur, exports the frequency of modulated signal in 200~600Hz
Range, receiving terminal demodulate useful letter by acquisition, A/D conversions and the series of computation to multigroup cycle distorted signal
Breath.But China's power network uses isolated neutral or small current neutral grounding system, electricity consumption situation is complicated, the two-way power frequency of power line
Communication can hardly find practical applications in China.
The present invention relates to a kind of aquaculture nursery base TT＆C systems, in some large-scale aquicultures or breeding experiment base
Ground needs the situations of change such as long-term observation water temperature, temperature, illuminance, air humidity, oxygen in water, if there is abnormal timely
Alert process, measurement and control instrument start corresponding heating, humidification or aerator etc. and execute equipment, and measured parameter is made to be restored to setting value
In range.Each monitoring node is respectively mounted the sensor of related measured parameter, and the analog signals of sensor acquisition are through signal tune
It is converted into standard value after reason and is sent into measurement and control instrument, Sampling hold is synchronized by ADC in measurement and control instrument.Wherein dissolved oxygen is by dissolved oxygen
Instrument measurement is communicated through RS232 mouthfuls with measuring instrumentss.1 Centralized Controller is arranged in each monitoring section, acquires each of monitoring section
Supplemental characteristic.Three-hole socket is installed by national standard to use for measurement and control instrument.The data of measurement are passed through power line by measurement and control instrument
Communication is uploaded to Centralized Controller, and wiring trouble is reduced using power line communication.Microcontroller in Centralized Controller passes through string
Mouth is communicated with 4G wireless routers, and is passed through 4G wireless routers and accessed mobile radio communication network.Using 4G high speed wireless nets
Network as data carrying network, it can be achieved that the wireless connection of the safety high speed between the server of master station and each monitoring section, to
No matter administrative staff remotely access the compliant tube of master station in the usable cell phone application in where, computer and handheld mobile device
Reason system, the case where understanding each monitoring section.
The power line communication of use is the signal sending point and signal receiving point by the setting to grid cyclic wave voltage
It is accurately positioned, sends a rectangle broad pulse of communication positive or negative pole in the signal sending point of setting to generate mutation electricity
Stream, which causes a voltage drop to be superimposed on grid voltage waveform on the short-circuit impedance of distribution transformer, to complete
Signal modulation process, signal receiving point demodulated signal of the receiving terminal in the setting of grid cyclic wave voltage；One anode
Broad pulse refers to that the high level part of pulse returns 0 from 0 to height.Because only sending single rectangular wave broad pulse to power grid shadow
Very little is rung, and signal recall rate simple in structure is high.The microcontroller STC15F2K60S of system, using external crystal-controlled oscillation, frequency
35MHz, signal procedure are write with assembler language, to reduce communication instruction holding time.Or use other model high speed microcontrollers
Device.
The setting of signal transmitting and receiving position：It is crossed at 0 in the voltage of grid cyclic wave positive half cycle and 0 voltage comparator was set, in electricity
A setting cycle voltage location setting signal voltage comparator between voltage 21V -40V of net week wave positive half cycle.In this way,
The output of signal voltage comparator realizes overturning in two positions of all wave voltages of setting of a cycle positive half cycle.Cycle just
The position of the setting week wave voltage of half cycle ascent stage is as the first signal location, all wave voltages of setting signal transmitting-receiving point
Position is known as the first signal set point, cycle positive half cycle descending branch the setting week wave voltage position as second signal
The cycle voltage location of position, setting signal transmitting-receiving point is known as second signal set point.Microcontroller STC15F2K60S can be with
It is that rising edge triggers or failing edge triggers that external interrupt, which is arranged, has served as 0 voltage comparator and signal voltage comparator in power grid week
The ascent stage of wave positive half cycle or descending branch, which generate after overturning triggering is interrupted, changes down trigger mode, or and by different interruptions
Source generates interruption.
The condition that signal transmitting and receiving has：0 voltage comparator of the mistake and signal voltage comparator are all made of ns grades of height
Fast voltage comparator.The time mistake that overturning and triggering are interrupted can be reduced using High Speed Microcontroller and high speed voltage comparator
Difference, and have the resolution ratio of sufficiently high detection overturning triggering break period, coordinate the position of signal to wipe the skill with synchrotimer
Art means improve the recall rate that grid cyclic wave carries information.It needs to transmit by ns grades of high-speed power control switch basis signal
Distance it is tests determined by transmitted positive 35V to one between 60V setting rectangular wave broad pulse voltage-drop loading in power grid
Signal sending point on cycle, the rectangular wave broad pulse voltage are higher than the voltage for the grid cyclic wave position being loaded.Basis signal
The width for the tests determined rectangular wave broad pulse voltage of distance that need to be transmitted is 0.3ms~0.5ms, can provide signal code 1A-
20A.All wave voltages are made to be displaced in the time of the signal location, to make the high speed voltage comparator of receiving terminal be connect in signal
Sink is not overturn, is taken " 1 " to send as the position (BIT) in signal, is otherwise taken " 0 " to send for the position (BIT) in signal.Therefore only
When the position value in signal makes signal voltage comparator that should be overturn in signal receiving point, due to interference do not occur overturning just have by
Interference effect.
Signal receiving end is arranged：Signal receiving end is made of High-speed Control switch and signal voltage comparator, in microcontroller
Low-voltage window region of the lower High-speed Control switch of device control only around signal transmitting and receiving point is opened.In the first signal transmitting and receiving point when week
Week wave voltage positive half cycle ascent stage wave voltage cross 0 interruption after, after the 0.1ms that is delayed connect High-speed Control switch, work as signal voltage
Comparator turns off High-speed Control switch after the overturning of the first signal transmitting and receiving point is interrupted after the 0.3ms that is delayed；It is received and dispatched in second signal
Point is when signal voltage comparator is after week cycle positive half cycle ascent stage, wave voltage crossed 0 interruption, through delay TicAfter connect High-speed Control
Switch Tic=Ti2- 0.1ms, 0.1ms turns off High-speed Control and opens before cycle positive half cycle descending branch week, wave voltage crossed 0 interruption
It closes, in this way, the low-voltage window region around the first signal transmitting and receiving point and second signal transmitting-receiving point is formd, when the cycle of input
Voltage is fallen in low-voltage window region, and High-speed Control switchs in an ON state, and signal voltage comparator is directly in all wave voltages
Signal receive position receive signal and measure cycle time parameter, determine received signal whether setting signal receive
Within the scope of point tolerance, High-speed Control switch is off state other than low-voltage window region.Therefore, grid cyclic wave voltage is through height
Speed control switch control is only followed by the directly conditioned filtering of two low-voltage window regions of cycle positive half cycle to signal voltage ratio
Compared with device input terminal, High-frequency Interference is filtered out by fundamental frequency signal re-demodulation signal of communication, grid cyclic wave high voltage has been isolated, drop
It is low by the error caused by bleeder circuit.
The erasing and repeating transmission of position value in signal：During transmitting terminal sends signal, opened when high-speed power controls switch
Afterwards, the signal transmitted by transmitting terminal simultaneously receiving end signal voltage comparator receive, if receive position value information with
The position value information of transmission is different, then then sends the erasing signal of this.Each data bit is erasable in each frame signal
It retransmits, erasing signal is received and dispatched using control bit, if erasing is unsuccessful, that is, the erasing signal value information that sends and receives not phase
Together, continue to send this erasing signal until sending successfully, then retransmit the position signal being wiped free of, other position signals that do not wipe are still
So effectively, to improve signal recall rate.Only when be wiped free of position quantity be more than setting value when, just wipe and retransmission of information
Frame.
Information frame generates：Institute's rheme is binary digit.Each information frame is by start bit, address or data bit, stop bits
Composition.Start bit and stop bits are per bit occupancy a cycle, address or data bit totally 9, per two periods of bit occupancy.Position value
It is not overturn to send position signal " 1 ", is overturn to send position signal " 0 " in signal receiving point with signal voltage comparator.Microcontroller
Device record effective address or data bits and the occupied digit of erase process, wherein effective address or data during transmitting-receiving
Digit shows that address or data bit transmission are terminated when reaching 9 digit of setting.First signal set point of each address or data bit
Send position signal " 1 " or " 0 " when, second round send position signal " 1 " or " 0 " with the period 1 on the contrary, its two kinds are combined
" 1 ", " 0 " and " 0 ", " 1 " are as the different values of position signal two.The second signal set point of second round is to confirm or erasing the
The information that one signal set point is sent, it is to confirm to send " 0 ", and it is erasing to send " 1 ".The transmission " 1 " of address or data bit the 9th
To send address frame, it is data frame to send " 0 ".Signal voltage comparator sends " 1 " in the first signal set point and is in start bit
Start to send.Stop bits is terminated in the first signal set point with sending " 0 ", and the second signal set point of start bit and stop bits is not
With.
The compensation of signal transmitting and receiving site error：China's sinusoidal ac mains frequency be 50Hz, voltage effective value 220V,
Its instantaneous voltage u is calculated by following formula：
U=Umsin100 π t；…………………………………….1
In formula：UmFor China's network voltage peak value
As shown in Figure 1, system is crossed at 0 using the voltage of cycle positive half cycle ascent stage as start time to the first signal set point
Time interval be nominal value Tm1；The voltage of cycle positive half cycle ascent stage is crossed at 0 as start time to second signal set point
Time interval is nominal value Tm2.The Tm1And Tm2It is calculated by 1 formula, u is all wave voltages of setting in formula.
Simultaneously measured 0 voltage comparator the cycle positive half cycle ascent stage mistake 0 overturn when time arrived for start time
The real-time measurement values T of time interval of the signal voltage comparator when the first signal location is overturnc1；This spent for 0 flip-flop transition when being
Between time interval of the starting point to signal voltage comparator when second signal position is overturn real-time measurement values Tc2；Signal voltage ratio
It was arrived between time of 0 voltage comparator when the mistake 0 of cycle positive half cycle descending branch is overturn compared with device when second signal position is overturn
Every real-time measurement values Tc3；Cross 0 voltage comparator the cycle positive half cycle ascent stage of two adjacent cycles mistake 0 overturn when
Between between be divided into cycle period real-time measurement values Tzu.
Since power grid crosses the left and right shake that 0 error showed as at 0 point, but sending and receiving end synchronized 0 and to cross 0 overturning as base
Locating tab assembly cycle time parameter, cross 0 shake influences very little to measuring cycle time parameter, therefore ignores 0 voltage comparator and cross 0
Overturning and timing error.When the cycle detected and its adjacent two cycles are true, the cycle period being detected simultaneously by is real
When measured value Tzu in 20ms and its error range, measure the cycle with cross 0 voltage comparator in the cycle positive half cycle ascent stage
The a reference value T of time interval when crossing 0 overturning for start time to signal voltage comparator when the first signal location is overturnc01
The a reference value that 0 overturning is time interval of the start time to signal voltage comparator when second signal position is overturn is crossed with this
Tc02, preserve the continuous T of a setting number in 30 to 50c01And Tc02And calculate preserved Tc01Average value Tp1With protected
The T depositedc02Average value Tp2, by Tp1And Tp2It is stored in corresponding storage unit.
The then error compensation value T of signal voltage comparator flip-flop transitionbIt is determined by following formula：
Tb={ (Tm2- Tm1)-(Tp2- Tp1)}÷2；………………2
By TbIt preserves.TbIllustrate that the position of actual signal transmitting-receiving point is higher for timing.
Measurement described above, wherein Tc1Or Tc01It is to cross 0 voltage comparator and signal voltage comparator in cycle just half
Week crossed on the basis of the flip-flop transition of 0 position and signal location, but practical measure is after being interrupted with voltage comparator overturning triggering
On the basis of the timing time of timer, in this way, having served as triggering after mistake 0 of 0 voltage comparator in the cycle positive half cycle ascent stage is overturn
The process for interrupting and starting timer, there are time for each instructions, it need to be added in the timing time of the measurement；Meanwhile institute
The triggering after the overturning of the first signal location need to be subtracted and interrupt and read the instruction of process of timer and hold by stating the timing time of measurement
The row time.The execution time for an instruction for also needing to be carrying out comprising microcontroller after overturning is interrupted in triggering after wherein overturning,
It can postpone interruption, and microcontroller STC15F2K60S is the microcontroller of 1T, this is easy to obtain the instruction time.Second
Signal location measures Tc2Or Tc02Similarly, T is measuredc3When be also similar to above.
The judgement of the cycle true and false：By Tc1With Tp1；Tc2With Tp2；Tzu makes comparisons respectively with 20ms, if respectively fair at it
Perhaps in cycle error range, then the cycle signal detected is true, otherwise there is more overproof a, cycle detected
Signal is false.Not in communication period and in the T of communication periodc1With Tp1；Tc2With Tp2Difference is respectively set when making comparisons respectively
Cycle error range, since the first signal location of communication period and second signal position are shifted, and larger cycle is taken to miss
Poor range.
Clock timer and synchrotimer is arranged in system, and wherein synchrotimer preserves each cycle period and counted with 20ms
The cycle period aggregate-value of calculation is as synchronization time.When above-mentioned judgement cycle signal is true, preserves Tzu and take 20ms and synchronometer
When device timing time be added, the value that will add up restores in synchrotimer, will be all if the cycle signal detected is false
Compared with wave signal is multiplied by with 20ms as the product of cycle during the vacation for timing time during the vacation, if in error range,
It takes 20ms to be multiplied by and is added with synchrotimer timing time for the product of cycle during the vacation, when detecting that cycle signal is again
The time synchronisation time is accurately corrected when true, and it is timing time and synchrotimer timing during the vacation otherwise to use cycle signal
Time is added.It is ± 0.1Hz when generally running, when the relative error since power system frequency deviation allowable value is 0.2Hz
When more than 6ms, illustrate that power grid has occurred compared with major break down.
The synchronization of signal transmitting and receiving：Communication is realized in the case where controlling synchronization time.Communication transmits multiple information frames each time, often
At the beginning of secondary communication use synchronization time, be it is preset or by Centralized Controller instruct arrange, according to power grid quality and letter
Number structure needs the data bit occupancy in each frame information 1 to multiple setting byte numbers, and power grid quality takes well larger set
Determine byte number.The clock timer time there are two cycle period is stayed after each frame traffic, for updating Tc1、Tc2And Tc3。
The communication of next frame since next cycle retransmits the information frame if detecting that cycle signal is false in a frame traffic.
Realize that the cycle in communication sequentially synchronizes by the start bit of each frame information, stop bits in the sending and receiving end of the communication information
It connects.Centralized Controller or measurement and control instrument measure and store T respectively in the call duration time gap of described two framesc1、Tc2And Tc3,
And calculate separately two real-time measurement values Tc1Average value Tk1、Tc2Average value Tk2And Tc3Average value Tk3, and be stored in respectively
Two groups of storage units, i.e. Tc1、Tc2And Tc3Storage unit and Tk1、Tk2And Tk3Storage unit, when from storage unit take out Tk1、
Tk2And Tk3After reset two groups of storage units.The storage unit can store 16 real-time measurement values Tc1、Tc2And Tc3.It is not communicating
Period measures continuous 16 real-time measurement values T respectivelyc1、Tc2And Tc3If it is false to screen to cycle signal, described in clearing
Tc1、Tc2And Tc3Respective storage unit, continue to measure when it to cycle signal is true to screen and storage, one be often stored in when being filled with
A Tc1、Tc2And Tc3, first remove a T being stored at firstc1、Tc2And Tc3, while number is taken out by a setting in 2 to 15,
Take out the T of last one group of depositc1、Tc2And Tc3, the smaller setting taking-up number of choosing when power grid quality difference, calculating is taken out each
The T of groupc1Average value Tk1、Tc2Average value Tk2And Tc3Average value Tk3And replace the T originally preservedk1、Tk2And Tk3, use
Average value Tk1、Tk2And Tk3Reduce the influence of network voltage and frequency fluctuation.
Send the determination of signal time：Communication is implemented in single-phase phase line in a transformer platform area of power grid,
And it makes an appointment by the synchrotimer time and starts call duration time.Holding with address information is first broadcasted by Centralized Controller when communication
Hand signal, when Centralized Controller requires some measurement and control instrument to Centralized Controller feedback information, the measurement and control instrument is just to concentration
Controller sends information.Centralized Controller or measurement and control instrument are before the communication synchronization time made an appointment receives and sends messages, it is necessary to
Continuous no less than 16 grid cyclic waves are screened out, i.e., measure the T for having no less than 16 in storage unit in real timec1、Tc2With
Tc3If continuous 16 T are not detectedc1、Tc2And Tc3It is then sequentially delayed until detecting 16.Transmitting terminal is from depositing
T is taken out in storage unitk1、Tk2And Tk3Value respectively add Tb, obtain the practical transmitting-receiving point T of the first signal with error compensationd1With
The practical sending point T of binary signald2：
Td1=Tk1- Tb；………………………………………3
Td2=Tk2+Tb；………………………………………4
The practical receiving point T of second signal with error compensationd3：
Td3=Tk3- Tb；………………………………………5
Preserve Td1、Td2And Td3In respective storage unit.Send T after each frame informationk1、Tk2And Tk3All it is updated.
When sending signal, microcontroller uses T respectivelyd1And Td2As switching signal timer timing midpoint and according to
Used rectangular wave broad pulse voltage levels take certain offset, then using the spaced time of rectangular wave broad pulse as switch
The timing length of signal timing device is easy to calculate high-speed power control switch ON time point, that is, is used for Td1Point sends rectangle
The setting sending time T of wave broad pulsef1And Td2The setting sending time T of the rectangular wave broad pulse of pointf2：
Tf1=Td1(Tm/ 2)-Tan；………………………………6
Tf2=Td2(Tm/ 2)-Tan；………………………………7
T in formulamFor signal rectangular wave broad pulse width, TanFor the offset.
In the cycle positive half cycle ascent stage, since rectangular wave broad pulse loads on the initial stage of cycle positive half cycle, the wide arteries and veins of rectangular wave
Rush that the voltage more therefore transmitted rectangular wave broad pulses high relative to all wave voltages are more powerful, the signal of generation receives
Point displacement is more, sets turnover voltage in the other time segment signal voltage comparator of loading procedure, has been moved off signal reception
The voltage location of point；Cycle positive half cycle descending branch is then that the signal of the latter stage generation of all wave processes is loaded in rectangular wave broad pulse
Receiving point displacement is more, in this way, the switching signal according to the tests determined transmitting terminal of rectangular wave broad pulse voltage actually used
The point midway and T of timer timed1Or Td2Between offset Tan, so that signal is received more reliable.
Signal transmission process：Transmitting terminal is crossed the overturning of 0 voltage comparator in cycle positive half cycle ascent stage cycle and was generated in 0
It is disconnected, through the T that is delayedi1Or Ti2Afterwards, firing switch signal timing device and connect high-speed power control switch, single rectangular wave is wide
Pulse voltage is superimposed on grid cyclic wave, makes fundamental frequency in Td1Or Td2Voltage generate small displacement on a timeline, and
Certain harmonic wave can be injected to system.
If crossing interrupt handling routine after 0 interruption, starting measurement Tc1Timer with connect switching signal timer instruction
The execution time is Tin
When to Td1When sending signal：
Ti=Tf1- Tin；…………………………………………8
When to Td2When sending signal：
Ti2=Tf2- Tin。…………………………………………9
TiAnd Ti2Value also adjusted in real time according to the displacement of the signaling point of receiving terminal is how many.
Switching signal timer timing overflow interrupt when in interrupt service routine closing high-speed power control switch, to
Complete a signal modulation process.
In view of the decaying of signals transmission, and demodulation is using cycle voltage over zero as time reference, in this way
For signal in Long Distant Transmit, the cycle voltage phase difference of sending and receiving end can cause setting to receive signal time position and actual signal
Occur deviation between time location and shadow communication performance, therefore when not taking the method for eliminating deviation, communication distance is limited
System is in same transformer platform area.
The demodulation of signal：Signal voltage comparator of the receiving terminal when receiving signal measures in real time in the first signal location
Tc1Subtract TbRear value and the T being finally stored in is taken out from memoryc1Previous Tc1Subtract TbValue afterwards make comparisons whether
Within the scope of the signal errors of permission, determine that the first signal location receives position value in signal；Signal voltage comparator is second
The T that signal location measures in real timec3Subtract TbRear value and the T being finally stored in is taken out from memoryc3Previous Tc3Subtract Tb
Whether value afterwards makes comparisons within the scope of the signal errors of permission, determines that second signal position receives position value in signal.
The control of signal transmitting power：When transmitting terminal switching signal timer fires and connect high-speed power control switch
Afterwards, the external interrupt mouth of microcontroller opening signal receiving terminal immediately, detection signal voltage comparator is in cycle positive half cycle first
The flip-flop transition of signal location and second signal position, with Td1And Td3It compares and whether shifts and its shift amount, if signal is electric
Press comparator flip-flop transition closer to Td1, illustrate to send rectangular wave broad pulse energy is relatively smaller or electric network impedance relatively
It is low.If signal voltage comparator flip-flop transition is closer to Td1, then increase TiTime, if rectangular wave broad pulse voltage comparator
Flip-flop transition is closer to Td2Then reduce Ti2Time.
(4) it illustrates：
Fig. 1 is grid cyclic wave receiving and transmitting signal position data relation schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is a kind of circuit structure block diagram of aquaculture nursery base TT＆C system.
(5) specific implementation mode：
A kind of circuit structure block diagram of aquaculture nursery base TT＆C system is as shown in Figure 2.By Centralized Controller and
Multiple measurement and control instruments are constituted.Centralized Controller is by signal sending end A, signal receiving end B, 4G wireless router 2, keyboard ＆ display mould
Block 10 and micro controller module 1 are constituted.Measurement and control instrument is made of signal sending end A, signal receiving end B and micro controller module 1,
Measurement and control instrument control executes the action of equipment 7.Centralized Controller uses the power line communication with measurement and control instrument.Master station is to be located at
The computer management system of top layer is made of 4G wireless routers, micro controller module and computer.
Signal sending end A, signal receiving end B and the microcontroller of power line communication described in Centralized Controller and measurement and control instrument
Device module 1 is identical with the hardware configuration of power module 4.
The signal sending end A of the power line communication is made of high-speed power control switch 5, switching signal timer 3, electricity
Net voltage is connected to high-speed power control output switching terminal.
The signal receiving end B of the power line communication is by High-speed Control switch 6, excessively 0 voltage comparator 8 and signal voltage ratio
It is constituted compared with device 9.It crosses 0 voltage comparator 8 and signal voltage comparator 9 is all made of ns grades of high speed voltage comparator MAX319.
Micro controller module 1 uses High Speed Microcontroller STC15F2K60S, this is a kind of single clock/machine cycle (1T)
Microcontroller, speed ratio STC12 also fast 20% is high speed/low-power consumption/superpower jamproof 8051 microcontroller of new generation, no AD
Conversion.
The single-phase firewire and zero curve of power grid connect the output port of signal sending end and the input port of receiving terminal, wherein power grid
Zero line grounding end.The window region network voltage control is in 55V voltage ranges, machine shell protective grounding, and has high electricity
The security warning of pressure area, it is 1 that trouble hunting, which should install no-load voltage ratio additional,：1 isolating transformer is avoided because of failure accidental shock.
2 model F3836 of 4G wireless routers, can also select other model routers.F3836 is industrial built in one kind
Grade 32 bit processors and technical grade wireless module provide 1 RS232 (or RS485/ using embedded real-time operating system
RS422) 4 ethernet lans, 1 Ethernet WAN and 1 WIFI interface, can connect WIFI equipment, ethernet device simultaneously
Data transparent transmission and routing function are realized with serial equipment.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of implementation method of aquaculture nursery base TT＆C system, measurement and control instrument is logical by power line with Centralized Controller
Letter, Centralized Controller access mobile radio communication network by wireless router, realize Wireless Networking, it is characterised in that：
The power line communication of use is by the accurate of the signal sending point of the setting to grid cyclic wave voltage and signal receiving point
Positioning, setting signal sending point send communication positive or negative pole a rectangle broad pulse to generate mutation current,
The electric current causes a voltage drop to be superimposed on grid voltage waveform on the short-circuit impedance of distribution transformer, primary to complete
Signal modulation process, signal receiving point demodulated signal of the receiving terminal in the setting of grid cyclic wave voltage；One wide arteries and veins of anode
Punching refers to that the high level part of pulse returns 0 from 0 to height.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the signal sending point of the setting in grid cyclic wave voltage
Modulating and demodulating signal step with the signal receiving point of setting includes：
It sends：When be arranged the cycle in the cycle positive half cycle ascent stage cross 0 voltage comparator overturning generated 0 interruption, after delay
Its sending time is fallen in the signal sending point of the setting of all wave voltages, and firing switch signal timing device simultaneously connects high-speed power control
Switch, by single positive pulse voltage Signal averaging on grid cyclic wave；
It receives：Low-voltage window region of the High-speed Control switch only around signal transmitting and receiving point is opened under microcontroller control, shape
At the low-voltage window region around the first signal transmitting and receiving point and second signal transmitting-receiving point.When all wave voltages of input are fallen low
When voltage window mouth region, High-speed Control switchs in an ON state, and signal voltage comparator is directly received in the signal of all wave voltages
Position receive signal and measure cycle time parameter, determine received signal whether setting signal receiving point error range
Interior, High-speed Control switch is off state other than low-voltage window region.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the signal sending point and signal receiving point of setting are in power grid
The voltage of cycle positive half cycle, which is crossed at 0, was arranged 0 voltage comparator, and one in grid cyclic wave positive half cycle sets cycle voltage location
Setting signal voltage comparator, the output of signal voltage comparator is in two positions for setting all wave voltages of a cycle positive half cycle
Set realization overturning；The cycle positive half cycle ascent stage the setting week wave voltage position as the first signal location, setting
The cycle voltage location of signal transmitting and receiving point is known as the first signal set point, in the setting cycle electricity of cycle positive half cycle descending branch
The position of pressure is known as second signal set point as second signal position, the cycle voltage location of setting signal transmitting-receiving point；
The signal voltage comparator is provided in a setting cycle between voltage 21V -40V of grid cyclic wave positive half cycle
Voltage location.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the distance that basis signal need to transmit when sending signal is through experiment
It determines：
Rectangular wave broad pulse voltage-drop loading is set in the positive 35V of the signal sending point on grid cyclic wave to the voltage value between 60V；
The rectangular wave broad pulse voltage is higher by value than the voltage for the grid cyclic wave position being loaded；The width value of rectangular wave broad pulse voltage
For 0.3ms~0.5ms；Signal code value 1A -20A can be provided.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the signal receiving point demodulated signal in setting, including
Confirm or wipe the signal sent from the signal sending point of setting, during transmitting terminal sends signal, the letter transmitted by transmitting terminal
Number simultaneously receiving end receive, if receive position value information it is different from the position value information of transmission, then send the position
Erasing signal, each data bit is erasable in each frame information and retransmits.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, position value with signal voltage comparator signal receiving point not
Overturning overturns to send position signal " 1 " to send the first signal set point transmission position of position signal " 0 ", each address or data bit
When signal " 1 " or " 0 ", second round send position signal " 1 " or " 0 " with the period 1 on the contrary, its two kinds combine " 1 ", " 0 " and
As two different values of position signal, the second signal set point of second round is to confirm or wipe the first signal to set for " 0 ", " 1 "
The information sent is pinpointed, it is to confirm to send " 0 ", and it is erasing to send " 1 ", and the transmission " 1 " of address or data bit the 9th is to send ground
Location frame sends " 0 " as data frame, and it is to start to send that signal voltage comparator sends " 1 " in the first signal set point in start bit,
Stop bits is terminated in the first signal set point with sending " 0 ", and the second signal set point of start bit and stop bits does not have to.
7. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the signal sending point of setting and the accurate of signal receiving point are determined
Position includes the error compensation of set signal sending point and signal receiving point, while crossing 0 voltage comparator and signal voltage ratio
It is all made of ns grades of high speed voltage comparators and High Speed Microcontroller compared with device.
8. according to claim 1 and method of claim 7, which is characterized in that signal sending point and signal receiving point
It is accurately positioned and its compensation method of error, to be first computing system crossed at 0 using the voltage of cycle positive half cycle ascent stage as the time
O'clock to the first signal set point time interval be nominal value Tm1；It is start time that the voltage of cycle positive half cycle ascent stage, which is crossed at 0,
Time interval to second signal set point is nominal value Tm2；
And time of 0 voltage comparator when the mistake 0 of cycle positive half cycle ascent stage overturns was measured as start time to signal electricity
Press the real-time measurement values T of time interval of the comparator when the first signal location is overturnc1；This spent for 0 flip-flop transition as start time
To the real-time measurement values T of time interval of the signal voltage comparator when second signal position is overturnc2；Signal voltage comparator exists
The reality of time interval of 0 voltage comparator when the mistake 0 of cycle positive half cycle descending branch is overturn was arrived in second signal position when overturning
When measured value Tc3；Cross time interval of 0 voltage comparator when the mistake 0 of the cycle positive half cycle ascent stage of two adjacent cycles is overturn
For cycle period real-time measurement values Tzu；
When the cycle detected and its adjacent two cycles are true, the cycle period real-time measurement values Tzu being detected simultaneously by
In 20ms and its error range, measure the cycle to cross 0 voltage comparator is when the mistake 0 of cycle positive half cycle ascent stage is overturn
The a reference value T of time interval of the start time to signal voltage comparator when the first signal location is overturnc010 overturning is crossed with this
For a reference value T of time interval of the start time to signal voltage comparator when second signal position is overturnc02, preserve 30 to
The continuous T of a setting number in 50c01And Tc02And calculate preserved Tc01Average value Tp1With the T preservedc02It is flat
Mean value Tp2, by Tp1And Tp2It is stored in corresponding storage unit；
The then error compensation value T of signal voltage comparator flip-flop transitionbIt is determined by following formula：
Tb={ (Tm2- Tm1)-(Tp2- Tp1)}÷2；
By TbIt preserves, TbIllustrate that the position of actual signal transmitting-receiving point is higher for timing；
The extremely multiple setting byte number of the data bit occupancy in each frame information 1 is needed according to power grid quality and signal structure,
The clock timer time there are two cycle period is stayed after each frame traffic, for updating Tc1、Tc2And Tc3, from next week
Wave starts the communication of next frame, if detecting that cycle signal is false in a frame traffic, retransmits the information frame；
It realizes that the cycle in communication sequentially synchronizes by the start bit of each frame information, stop bits and connects in the sending and receiving end of the communication information
Continuous, Centralized Controller or measurement and control instrument measure and store T respectively in the call duration time gap of described two framesc1、Tc2And Tc3, and
Calculate separately two real-time measurement values Tc1Average value Tk1、Tc2Average value Tk2And Tc3Average value Tk3, and it is stored in two respectively
Group storage unit, i.e. Tc1、Tc2And Tc3Storage unit and Tk1、Tk2And Tk3Storage unit, when from storage unit take out Tk1、Tk2
And Tk3After reset two groups of storage units, the storage unit can store 16 real-time measurement values Tc1、Tc2And Tc3, not in communication period
Between, continuous 16 real-time measurement values T are measured respectivelyc1、Tc2And Tc3If it is false to screen to cycle signal, described in clearing
Tc1、Tc2And Tc3Respective storage unit, continue to measure when it to cycle signal is true to screen and storage, one be often stored in when being filled with
A Tc1、Tc2And Tc3, first remove a T being stored at firstc1、Tc2And Tc3, while number is taken out by a setting in 2 to 15,
Take out the T of last one group of depositc1、Tc2And Tc3, the smaller setting taking-up number of choosing when power grid quality difference, calculating is taken out each
The T of groupc1Average value Tk1、Tc2Average value Tk2And Tc3Average value Tk3And replace the T originally preservedk1、Tk2And Tk3；
Send the determination of signal time：Continuous no less than 16 grid cyclic waves must be screened out before receiving and sending messages, i.e., in fact
When measure and have no less than 16 T in storage unitc1、Tc2And Tc3If continuous 16 T are not detectedc1、Tc2And Tc3
It is then sequentially delayed until detecting 16, transmitting terminal takes out T from storage unitk1、Tk2And Tk3Value respectively add Tb,
Obtain the practical transmitting-receiving point T of the first signal with error compensationd1With the practical sending point T of second signald2：
Td1=Tk1- Tb；
Td2=Tk2+Tb；
The practical receiving point T of second signal with error compensationd3：
Td3=Tk3- Tb；
Preserve Td1、Td2And Td3In respective storage unit, T after each frame information is sentk1、Tk2And Tk3All it is updated；
When sending signal, microcontroller uses T respectivelyd1And Td2As switching signal timer timing midpoint and according to being used
Rectangular wave broad pulse voltage levels take certain offset, then determined using the spaced time of rectangular wave broad pulse as switching signal
When device timing length, be easy to calculate high-speed power control switch ON time point, that is, be used for Td1Point sends the wide arteries and veins of rectangular wave
The setting sending time T of punchingf1And Td2The setting sending time T of the rectangular wave broad pulse of pointf2：
Tf1=Td1(Tm/ 2)-Tan；
Tf2=Td2(Tm/ 2)-Tan；
T in formulamFor signal rectangular wave broad pulse width, TanFor the offset；
Rectangular wave broad pulse loads on the initial stage of cycle positive half cycle, and rectangular wave broad pulse voltage is high more relative to all wave voltages
More, the signal receiving point displacement of generation is more, and cycle positive half cycle descending branch is then to load on all wave processes in rectangular wave broad pulse
The signal receiving point displacement that generates of latter stage it is more, the point midway of the switching signal timer time of tests determined transmitting terminal
With Td1Or Td2Between offset Tan；
Signal transmission process：Grid cyclic wave voltage is connected to high-speed power control output switching terminal mouth, when the cycle positive half cycle ascent stage
Cycle cross 0 voltage comparator overturning generated 0 interruption, through be delayed Ti1Or Ti2Afterwards, firing switch signal timing device and height is connected
Fast power control switch makes fundamental frequency in T by single positive pulse voltage Signal averaging on grid cyclic waved1Or Td2Electricity
Pressure generates small displacement on a timeline；
If crossing interrupt handling routine after 0 interruption, starting measurement Tc1Timer with connect switching signal timer instruction execution
Time is Tin
When to Td1When sending signal：
Ti=Tf1- Tin；
When to Td2When sending signal：
Ti2=Tf2- Tin；
TiAnd Ti2Value also adjusted in real time according to the displacement of the signaling point of receiving terminal is how many；
Switching signal timer timing overflow interrupt when in interrupt service routine closing high-speed power control switch, to complete
Signal modulation process；
Above-mentioned Ti2Value also adjusted in real time according to the displacement of the signaling point of receiving terminal is how many, methods are：If signal voltage compares
Device flip-flop transition is closer to Td1, then the control of microcontroller control high-speed power, which switchs, increases rectangular wave broad pulse voltage, if letter
Number voltage comparator flip-flop transition is closer to Td2Then reduce Ti2Time.
9. a kind of device of aquaculture nursery base TT＆C system, it is characterised in that including,
The signal sending end, signal receiving end and micro controller module of power line communication described in Centralized Controller and measurement and control instrument
Hardware configuration it is identical；
The signal sending end of the power line communication is made of high-speed power control switch, switching signal timer；
The signal receiving end of the power line communication is switched by High-speed Control, crosses 0 voltage comparator and signal voltage comparator structure
At.
10. device according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the signal receiving end of the power line communication is by power grid
All wave voltages through High-speed Control switch control, cycle positive half cycle two low-voltage window regions directly it is conditioned filtering be followed by
Signal voltage comparator input terminal, low-voltage window region of the High-speed Control switch only around signal transmitting and receiving point are opened, isolation
Grid cyclic wave high voltage, signal voltage comparator is directly when the signal of all wave voltages receives position and receives signal and measure cycle
Between parameter；
The signal sending end of the power line communication, network voltage are connected to high-speed power control output switching terminal, in cycle just half
All ascent stage cycles cross the overturning of 0 voltage comparator and generated 0 interruption, through the T that is delayedi1Or Ti2Afterwards, firing switch signal timing device is simultaneously
High-speed power control switch is connected, by single rectangular wave broad pulse voltage superposition on grid cyclic wave.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810591337 | 2018-06-10 | ||
| CN2018105913372 | 2018-06-10 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108646646A true CN108646646A (en) | 2018-10-12 |
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ID=63760334
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810822282.1A Withdrawn CN108646646A (en) | 2018-06-10 | 2018-07-24 | A kind of aquaculture nursery base TT＆C system |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108646646A (en) |
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2018
- 2018-07-24 CN CN201810822282.1A patent/CN108646646A/en not_active Withdrawn
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