CN108646493B - Display device - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN108646493B
CN108646493B CN201810719261.7A CN201810719261A CN108646493B CN 108646493 B CN108646493 B CN 108646493B CN 201810719261 A CN201810719261 A CN 201810719261A CN 108646493 B CN108646493 B CN 108646493B
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Prior art keywords
light
liquid crystal
light source
phase liquid
electrode
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CN201810719261.7A
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CN108646493A (en
Inventor
孟宪东
谭纪风
王维
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
    • G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
    • G02F1/133512—Light shielding layers, e.g. black matrix
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/13362—Illuminating devices providing polarized light, e.g. by converting a polarisation component into another one
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
    • G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
    • G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
    • G02F1/133607—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members the light controlling member including light directing or refracting elements, e.g. prisms or lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/13793—Blue phases

Abstract

The invention discloses a display device, comprising: the light source module comprises a light guide plate, a first light source, a second light source, a plurality of light taking structures, a plurality of display units and a control unit; a display unit comprising: the liquid crystal display device comprises a blue phase liquid crystal layer, a first electrode, a second electrode and a shading structure, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are positioned on the same side of the blue phase liquid crystal layer; each light shading structure corresponds to the plurality of light taking structures one by one, and the light taking structures are positioned in the range of the corresponding light shading structures; the first light source and the second light source are both collimated polarized light, and the polarization directions of the polarized light of the first light source and the polarized light of the second light source are mutually vertical; and the control unit is used for controlling the emergent light of the first light source only so as to enable each blue-phase liquid crystal layer to be equivalent to a concave lens structure in the peep-proof display mode, and controlling the emergent light of the second light source so as to enable each blue-phase liquid crystal layer to be equivalent to a convex lens structure in the normal display mode. The display device is simple in structure, simple in mode switching mode, not easy to confuse two modes and good in peep-proof display effect.

Description

Display device
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to a display device.
Background
At present, with the development of display technology and network technology, more and more people carry out operations such as shopping or account transaction on the network, and in the process of carrying out the operations, an operator often needs to input personal information on display devices such as a computer, a mobile phone, an automatic teller machine, an automatic ticket machine and the like, so that the leakage of the personal information is easily caused, and therefore, the peep prevention performance of the display devices is more and more widely concerned, and the personal information safety of the operator is strived to be ensured.
In the prior art, the peep-proof display device has a complex structure and a thick integral device, and in addition, due to the structural limitation of the peep-proof display device, the light path of the peep-proof display mode and the light path of the normal display mode are inevitably overlapped, so that the peep-proof display mode and the normal display mode are easily confused, and the peep-proof effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a display device, which is used for solving the problem that the peeping prevention effect of a peeping prevention display device in the prior art is poor.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a display device, including: the display device comprises a light guide plate, a first light source, a second light source, a plurality of light taking structures, a plurality of display units and a control unit, wherein the first light source and the second light source are arranged on the light incoming side of the light guide plate; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the display unit includes: the light-shielding structure comprises a blue-phase liquid crystal layer, a first electrode and a second electrode which are positioned on the same side of the blue-phase liquid crystal layer and used for applying voltage to the blue-phase liquid crystal layer, and a light-shielding structure positioned on one side of the blue-phase liquid crystal layer, which is far away from the light guide plate;
each light shielding structure corresponds to a plurality of light taking structures one by one, and the orthographic projection of the light taking structures on the light guide plate is positioned in the orthographic projection range of the corresponding light shielding structures on the light guide plate;
the first light source and the second light source are both collimated polarized light, and the polarization directions of the polarized light emitted by the first light source and the second light source are mutually vertical;
the control unit is used for controlling the emergent light of the first light source only in the peep-proof display mode so as to enable each blue-phase liquid crystal layer to be equivalent to a concave lens structure, and controlling the emergent light of the second light source in the normal display mode so as to enable each blue-phase liquid crystal layer to be equivalent to a convex lens structure.
In a possible implementation manner, in the display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode includes: and a plurality of strip-shaped sub-electrodes.
In a possible implementation manner, in the display device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, in both the peep-proof display mode and the normal display mode, the voltage applied to the first electrode by the control unit satisfies: in the direction in which the middle of the first electrode points to both sides, the voltage applied to each of the strip-shaped sub-electrodes gradually increases.
In a possible implementation manner, in the display device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, a polarization direction of the polarized light emitted by the first light source is parallel to the first plane; the first plane is a plane perpendicular to the extending direction of the strip-shaped sub-electrodes;
the polarization direction of the polarized light emitted by the second light source is parallel to the extending direction of the strip-shaped sub-electrodes.
In a possible implementation manner, in the display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the display device further includes: and the flat layer is positioned on one side of each light taking structure, which is far away from the light guide plate.
In a possible implementation manner, in the display device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the film layer where the first electrode is located between the film layer where the blue phase liquid crystal layer is located and the planarization layer;
the film layer where the second electrode is located between the film layer where the first electrode is located and the flat layer.
In a possible implementation manner, in the display device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the light extraction structure is a light extraction grating;
the grating period of the light-taking grating meets the following conditions:
n1sinθ1+n2sinθ2mP/λ; or, n1sinθ1-n2sinθ2＝mP/λ；m＝0，±1，±2…；
Wherein n is1Denotes the refractive index, theta, of the medium in which the incident light is present1Denotes the angle of incidence, n2Indicating the refractive index, theta, of the medium in which the emerging light is present2Denotes the diffraction angle, λ denotes the wavelength of the light, P denotes the grating period, and m denotes the diffraction order.
In a possible implementation manner, in the display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the display device further includes: a black matrix layer for partitioning the display cells;
and the shading structures and the black matrix layer are made of the same material.
In a possible implementation manner, in the display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the display device further includes: the diffusion film is positioned on one side, away from the black matrix layer, of the substrate layer.
In a possible implementation manner, in the display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the display device further includes: and the light absorption layer is positioned on one side of the light guide plate, which is far away from the light extraction structure.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the display device provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: the method comprises the following steps: the light source module comprises a light guide plate, a first light source, a second light source, a plurality of light taking structures, a plurality of display units and a control unit, wherein the first light source and the second light source are arranged on the light incoming side of the light guide plate; wherein, the display element includes: the light-shielding structure is positioned on one side of the blue phase liquid crystal layer, and is used for shielding the light emitted by the light-guiding plate; each shading structure corresponds to the plurality of light-taking structures one by one, and the orthographic projection of the light-taking structures on the light guide plate is positioned in the orthographic projection range of the corresponding shading structures on the light guide plate; the first light source and the second light source are both collimated polarized light, and the polarization directions of the polarized light emitted by the first light source and the second light source are mutually vertical; and the control unit is used for controlling the emergent light of the first light source only so as to enable each blue-phase liquid crystal layer to be equivalent to a concave lens structure in the peep-proof display mode, and controlling the emergent light of the second light source so as to enable each blue-phase liquid crystal layer to be equivalent to a convex lens structure in the normal display mode. The display device provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize normal display and peep-proof display through the single-layer blue phase liquid crystal layer, has a simple structure and lower requirement on the refractive index of liquid crystal, and can realize the switching between the peep-proof display mode and the normal display mode by controlling the emergent rays of the first light source only and controlling the emergent rays of the second light source only in the peep-proof display mode and in the normal display mode through the control unit, so that the switching mode is simple, the display conflict can not occur, the peep-proof display mode is not easy to be confused with the normal display mode, and the peep-proof display effect is better.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic view of a display unit in a peep-proof display mode;
FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of a concave lens equivalent to the blue phase liquid crystal layer in the display unit shown in FIG. 2 a;
FIG. 3a is a schematic diagram of a display unit in a normal display mode;
FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram of a convex lens equivalent to the blue phase liquid crystal layer in the display unit shown in FIG. 3 a;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of electric field lines formed by the strip-shaped sub-electrodes;
11, a light guide plate; 12. a first light source; 13. a second light source; 14. a light extraction structure; 15. a display unit; 151. a blue phase liquid crystal layer; 152. a light shielding structure; 153. a first electrode; 153', strip-shaped sub-electrodes; 154. a second electrode; 16. a planarization layer; 17. a black matrix layer; 18. a diffusion layer; 19. a light absorbing layer; 20. a substrate layer; 21. an insulating layer.
Detailed Description
The embodiment of the invention provides a display device, aiming at the problem that the peep-proof effect of the peep-proof display device in the prior art is poor.
A detailed description of a specific embodiment of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The thicknesses and shapes of the various film layers in the drawings are not to be considered true proportions, but are merely intended to illustrate the present invention.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a display device, as shown in fig. 1, including: a light guide plate 11, a first light source 12 and a second light source 13 disposed on a light incident side of the light guide plate 11, a plurality of light extraction structures 14 located on a light emergent side of the light guide plate 11, a plurality of display units 15 located on light emergent sides of the light extraction structures 14, respectively, and a control unit (not shown in the figure); wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a display unit 15 including: a blue phase liquid crystal layer 151, a first electrode 153 and a second electrode 154 on the same side of the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151 for applying a voltage to the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151, and a light shielding structure 152 on a side of the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151 facing away from the light guide plate 11;
each light shielding structure 152 corresponds to a plurality of light extraction structures 14 one by one, and the orthographic projection of the light extraction structure 14 on the light guide plate 11 is located in the orthographic projection range of the corresponding light shielding structure 152 on the light guide plate 11;
the first light source 12 and the second light source 13 are both collimated polarized light, and the polarization directions of the polarized light emitted by the first light source 12 and the second light source 13 are mutually perpendicular;
and a control unit for controlling only the first light source 12 to emit light rays so that each blue phase liquid crystal layer 151 is equivalent to a concave lens structure in the privacy display mode, and controlling the second light source 13 to emit light rays so that each blue phase liquid crystal layer 151 is equivalent to a convex lens structure in the normal display mode.
The display device provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize normal display and peep-proof display through the single-layer blue phase liquid crystal layer, has a simple structure and lower requirement on the refractive index of liquid crystal, and can realize the switching between the peep-proof display mode and the normal display mode by controlling the emergent rays of the first light source only and controlling the emergent rays of the second light source only in the peep-proof display mode and in the normal display mode through the control unit, so that the switching mode is simple, the display conflict can not occur, the peep-proof display mode is not easy to be confused with the normal display mode, and the peep-proof display effect is better.
It should be noted that, in order to clearly illustrate the display principle of the display device in each state, in fig. 1, three cases, i.e., the peep-proof display mode, the normal display mode and the zero gray scale, are combined into one drawing for illustration, and do not represent that the three cases may occur at the same time. Fig. 2a shows an equivalent schematic diagram of a display unit in the privacy-protection display mode, in which the blue-phase liquid crystal layer in each display unit is equivalent to a concave lens to realize privacy-protection display. Fig. 3a shows an equivalent schematic diagram of a display unit in a normal display mode, in which the blue phase liquid crystal layer in each display unit is equivalent to a convex lens to realize normal display.
As shown in fig. 1, the collimated polarized light emitted from the first light source 12 or the second light source 13 is emitted to the light guide plate 11 at a specific angle, and the light incident into the light guide plate 11 can be reflected back and forth in the light guide plate 11 by total reflection, and finally collimated and emitted by each light extraction structure 14. Since each light shielding structure 152 corresponds to the light extraction structures 14 one-to-one, and the orthographic projection of the light extraction structure 14 on the light guide plate 11 is located in the orthographic projection range of the corresponding light shielding structure 152 on the light guide plate 11, that is, each light extraction structure 14 is shielded by the light shielding structure 152, when the blue-phase liquid crystal is in an isotropic state, there is no deflection effect on the light, so that the light vertically collimated and emitted from the light extraction structure 14 is shielded by the corresponding light shielding structure 152 and cannot be emitted, thereby realizing a completely dark state with zero gray scale.
In the peep-proof display mode, the control unit controls only the first light source 12 to emit light, the blue-phase liquid crystal layer 151 is equivalent to a concave lens structure, and the collimated light enters the blue-phase liquid crystal layer 151 and then is deflected, so that the collimated light can be emitted in a diverging manner at the gap of the light shielding structure 152, and the blue-phase liquid crystal layer 151 can be equivalent to a long-focus concave lens by adjusting the voltage applied to the blue-phase liquid crystal layer 151, so that the collimated light can be emitted in a diverging manner at a small angle, and the peep-proof effect can be achieved. In the normal display mode, the control unit controls the second light source 13 to emit light, the blue-phase liquid crystal layer 151 is equivalent to a convex lens structure, and the collimated light is deflected after entering the blue-phase liquid crystal layer 151, so that the collimated light can be emitted in a diverging manner at the gap of the light shielding structure 152, and the blue-phase liquid crystal layer 151 can be equivalent to a short-focus convex lens by adjusting the voltage applied to the blue-phase liquid crystal layer 151, so that the collimated light can be emitted at a large angle, thereby increasing the visual angle of the display device, and realizing normal display.
Therefore, the display device provided by the embodiment of the invention can switch the peep-proof display mode and the normal display mode by controlling the on and off of the first light source and the second light source through the control unit, the switching mode is simple, the display conflict does not occur in the two modes, the phenomenon of confusion between the peep-proof display and the normal display does not occur, in addition, the peep-proof display and the normal display can be realized only by arranging one layer of blue-phase liquid crystal layer, and other structures such as lenses and the like do not need to be added, so the structure is simple, and the size of the device is thinner.
The light guide plate may be made of a lens material, for example, Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) or silicon nitride (Si)3N4) And the thickness of the material can be 1mm or as thin as tens of micrometers, and the thickness of the light guide plate is not limited herein.
The blue phase liquid crystal molecules exhibit isotropy in the absence of an applied electric field, and when an electric field is applied, the blue phase liquid crystal molecules are elongated in the direction of the electric field (for positive liquid crystal) or elongated in the direction perpendicular to the electric field (for negative liquid crystal), and thus exhibit anisotropy when an electric field is applied, which is characterized by macroscopically satisfying the kerr effect in the case of a low electric field: Δ n ═ λ KE2(ii) a In the method, the wavelength of incident light is determined by applying different voltages, so that the blue phase liquid crystal can present different optical anisotropies to control the blue phase liquid crystal layer to be equivalent to different types of lenses.
In practical applications, the liquid crystal molecules in the blue phase liquid crystal layer provided in the embodiments of the present invention are preferably positive liquid crystal molecules, and in the embodiments of the present invention, the positive liquid crystal molecules are all taken as examples for description.
The blue phase liquid crystal molecules exhibit isotropy without an electric field, and the refractive indices in all directions are the same and are all nisoAfter the electric field is applied, the blue phase liquid crystal molecules are elongated along the direction of the electric field to show anisotropy, an electric field induced birefringence effect is generated, and light rays incident to the blue phase liquid crystal molecules generate birefringenceThe phenomenon is divided into two beams of light, wherein one beam of light follows the law of refraction as ordinary ray (o light), the other beam of light does not follow the law of refraction as extraordinary ray (e light), the vibration direction of the extraordinary ray is consistent with the long axis direction of the blue phase liquid crystal molecules, the vibration direction of the ordinary ray is consistent with the short axis direction of the blue phase liquid crystal molecules, and the refractive index n of the e light iseRefractive index n greater than o lightoThe difference Δ n between the refractive indices of e-light and o-light is equal to ne-noThe refractive index of the ordinary ray is no＝niso- Δ n, i.e. the greater Δ n, noAs the electric field E becomes smaller, Δ n becomes larger, that is, the refractive index n of o light becomes larger, as shown by the above formula of the Kerr effectoDecreases with increasing applied electric field, while the refractive index n of e-light decreaseseAs the applied electric field increases, the applied electric field has the same law, and the o-light and the e-light have different polarization modes in the blue phase liquid crystal layer.
Specifically, in the display device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the first electrode 153 includes: a plurality of strip-shaped sub-electrodes 153'.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first electrode 153 and the second electrode 154 are preferably disposed on a side of the blue phase liquid crystal layer close to the light guide plate 11, so as to facilitate manufacturing and applying a voltage, and the first electrode 153 and the second electrode 154 may also be disposed on a side of the blue phase liquid crystal layer away from the light guide plate 11, which is not limited herein.
By disposing the first electrode 153 and the second electrode 154 on the same side of the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151, similar to the electrode arrangement in Advanced Super Dimension switching (ADS) display mode, a horizontal electric field can be formed after applying a voltage to the first electrode 153 and the second electrode 154 to drive the blue phase liquid crystal, and since the first electrode 153 includes a plurality of strip-shaped sub-electrodes 153 ', the blue phase liquid crystal layer can be driven to form different liquid crystal morphologies by applying different voltages to the strip-shaped sub-electrodes 153', thereby obtaining different equivalent refractive indexes.
The second electrodes 154 may be block-shaped electrodes, or the second electrodes 154 in all the display units 15 may be a single full-surface electrode, so as to reduce the number of connecting wires between the second electrodes 154 and the control unit, and in addition, when applying a voltage to the blue-phase liquid crystal layer 151, only an equal voltage needs to be applied to each second electrode 154, which also simplifies the control process of the control unit. During the display, the first electrode 153 may be used as a pixel electrode, and the second electrode 154 may be used as a common electrode to control each display unit 15 to display a picture. In addition, in order to isolate the first electrode 153 from the second electrode 154, an insulating layer 21 is further disposed between the film layer where the first electrode 153 is located and the film layer where the second electrode 154 is located.
In a specific implementation, in the display device provided in an embodiment of the present invention, in both the peep-proof display mode and the normal display mode, the voltage applied to the first electrode by the control unit satisfies: in the direction that the middle of the first electrode points to two sides, the voltage applied to each strip-shaped sub-electrode is gradually increased.
As shown in fig. 2a and fig. 3a, each of the first electrodes 153 includes seven strip-shaped sub-electrodes 153', and the number of the strip-shaped sub-electrodes may also be set according to actual needs, which is not limited herein. In addition, in order to make the appearance of the blue phase liquid crystal layer symmetrical, the voltages applied to the stripe-shaped sub-electrodes 153 ' located at symmetrical positions in each of the first electrodes 153 may be set to be the same, specifically, the voltages applied to the stripe-shaped sub-electrodes 153 ' may be respectively V3, V2, V1, V0, V1, V2, and V3, and the voltages of the stripe-shaped sub-electrodes gradually increase in directions pointing to both sides in the middle of the first electrode, that is, the voltages of the stripe-shaped sub-electrodes 153 ' satisfy: v0 < V1 < V2 < V3, and since the distances between the strip-shaped sub-electrodes 153' and the second electrode 154 are equal, the applied electric field also satisfies the rule of gradually increasing from the middle to the two sides.
FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram showing the blue phase liquid crystal layer equivalent to a concave lens after applying voltage according to the above rule, and for the light incident parallel to the stretching direction of the blue phase liquid crystal molecules, the light propagates in the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151 according to the refraction rule of e-light, and the refractive index n of e-light is known from the above analysiseThe refractive index of e-light at each stripe-shaped sub-electrode 153' increases with increasing applied electric field (n 3, n2, n1, n0, n1, n2, n, respectively)3) Satisfies the following conditions: n0 < n1 < n2 < n3, in which the morphology of the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151 can be equivalent to a flat concave lens by using the equivalent optical path difference, as shown in FIG. 2 b. The focal length of the concave lens can be adjusted by adjusting the intensity of the applied electric field, and preferably the blue phase liquid crystal layer is equivalent to a telephoto concave lens, so that the peep-proof effect is better.
FIG. 3a is a schematic view showing that the blue phase liquid crystal layer is equivalent to a convex lens after the voltage is applied according to the above rule, and for the light ray incident perpendicular to the stretching direction of the blue phase liquid crystal molecules, the light ray propagates in the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151 according to the refraction rule of o light, and the refractive index n of the o light is known from the above moleculesoAs the applied electric field increases and decreases, the refractive index of o light at each strip-shaped sub-electrode 153' satisfies: n0 > n1 > n2 > n3, and the morphology of the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151 can be equivalent to a flat convex lens by using the equivalent optical path difference, as shown in FIG. 3 b. The focal length of the convex lens can be adjusted by adjusting the intensity of the applied electric field, and preferably the blue phase liquid crystal layer is equivalent to a short-focus convex lens, so that the display effect is better.
It can be seen that under the condition that the applied voltage laws are the same, the deflection effect of the blue phase liquid crystal layer on light rays is different for polarized light with different vibration directions, under the condition that the applied voltage laws satisfy the laws of V0 < V1 < V2 < V3, the blue phase liquid crystal layer is equivalent to a concave lens for light rays incident in parallel to the stretching direction of blue phase liquid crystal molecules, and the blue phase liquid crystal layer is equivalent to a convex lens for light rays incident in perpendicular to the stretching direction of blue phase liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, the law of the voltages applied to the blue phase liquid crystal layer in the peep-proof display mode and the normal display mode is the same, and the equivalent lens type of the blue phase liquid crystal layer can be switched by only switching the polarization direction of the light rays emitted to the blue phase liquid crystal layer under the condition that the law of the applied voltages is the same, so that the switching between the peep-proof mode and the normal display mode is realized, and the switching mode is simple.
Specifically, in the display device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 1, the polarization direction of the polarized light emitted from the first light source 12 is parallel to the first plane; the first plane is a plane perpendicular to the extending direction of the strip-shaped sub-electrodes 153';
the polarization direction of the polarized light emitted from the second light source 13 is parallel to the extending direction of the strip-shaped sub-electrodes 153'.
Taking the appearance of the blue-phase liquid crystal layer in fig. 1 as an example, the display device is placed in an XYZ coordinate system, the extending direction of the strip-shaped sub-electrodes 153 'is parallel to the Z axis, and the first plane is a plane perpendicular to the extending direction of the strip-shaped sub-electrodes 153', that is, the first plane may be an XY plane, so it can be understood that the polarization direction of the polarized light emitted from the first light source 12 is parallel to the paper surface, that is, the polarization direction of the polarized light emitted from the first light source 12 may be any direction parallel to the paper surface. The polarization direction of the polarized light emitted by the second light source 13 is parallel to the extending direction of the strip-shaped sub-electrodes 153', i.e. the polarization direction of the polarized light emitted by the second light source 13 is parallel to the Z-axis, so it can also be understood that the polarization direction of the polarized light emitted by the second light source 13 can be perpendicular to the paper surface.
The polarization direction of the polarized light emitted from the first light source 12 may be a direction parallel to the paper surface, and the direction is the same as the stretching direction of the blue phase liquid crystal molecules, so that the polarized light emitted from the first light source 12 is transmitted in the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151 according to the refraction rule of e light after being emitted to the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151, the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151 is equivalent to a concave lens, and the light is emitted in a small angle divergence manner to realize the peep-proof display. The polarization direction of the polarized light emitted by the second light source 13 may be a direction perpendicular to the paper surface and a direction perpendicular to the stretching direction of the blue phase liquid crystal molecules, so that the polarized light emitted by the second light source 13 is transmitted in the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151 after being directed to the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151 according to the refraction rule of o light, the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151 is equivalent to a convex lens, and the light is emitted in a large-angle divergence manner to realize normal display. In practical application, the control unit can realize peep-proof display only by controlling the first light source 12 to turn on and turn off the second light source 13, and the control unit can realize normal display by controlling the second light source 13 to turn on or both the first light source 12 and the second light source 13 to turn on. Mode switching can be achieved by switching the power supplies of the first light source 12 and the second light source 13, and the switching manner is simple.
Referring to fig. 1, in a specific display process, when no external voltage is applied to the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151, the blue phase liquid crystal molecules are in an isotropic state (e.g., the liquid crystal appearance at the zero gray scale in fig. 1), and are equivalent to parallel plates for polarized light in any polarization direction, so that the propagation direction of the light is not changed, and the light emitted from the light extraction structure 14 in a vertically collimated manner is blocked by the corresponding light blocking structure 152 and cannot be emitted, thereby achieving a completely dark state at the zero gray scale. After a horizontal electric field with a low middle and high two ends is applied to the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151, the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151 is equivalent to the shape of a flat liquid crystal lens, and the focal length of the flat liquid crystal lens can be changed by adjusting the electric field intensity, so that the emergent light intensity of each display unit 15 can be changed to realize different display gray scales.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a liquid crystal lens with a minimum period formed by using fringe field effect, since a plurality of strip-shaped sub-electrodes 153 ' are provided in each display unit, fringe field effect occurs after voltage is applied to the strip-shaped sub-electrodes 153 ', that is, the electric field at the center of the width of the strip-shaped sub-electrode 153 ' and the center of the distance between two strip-shaped sub-electrodes 153 ' is the weakest, so as to form electric field distribution with two weak sides and a strong middle, the curve in fig. 4 represents electric field lines, so that the phase appearance of the liquid crystal lens can be equivalent, and the voltage applied to each strip-shaped sub-electrode 153 ' is the same, so that it is not necessary to apply a plurality of voltages to each strip-shaped sub-electrode 153 ', as can be known from fig. 4, two liquid crystal lens phase periods can be formed within the period of one strip-shaped sub-electrode 153 ', and the driving.
In practical applications, as shown in fig. 1, the display device provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include: and a flat layer 16 positioned on a side of each light extraction structure 14 facing away from the light guide plate 11.
The flat layer 16 is used to planarize the light extraction structure 14 and protect the light extraction structure 14, in order to ensure that the light propagating in the light guide plate 11 can be totally reflected and that the light will not exit at a position outside the light extraction structure 14, the flat layer 16 is required to be made of a material with a low refractive index lower than the refractive index of the light guide plate 11, and the thickness of the flat layer 16 is preferably greater than 1 micrometer to ensure that the total reflection cross ratio in the light guide plate 11 is relatively large.
Specifically, in the display device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the film layer where the first electrode 153 is located between the film layer where the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151 is located and the planarization layer 16;
the second electrode 154 is disposed between the first electrode 153 and the planarization layer 16.
The first electrode 153 and the second electrode 154 are disposed on the same side of the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151, and a horizontal electric field may be formed after applying a voltage to drive the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151 to form liquid crystal features of different states. The first electrode 153 and the second electrode 154 are both disposed on the side of the blue phase liquid crystal layer 151 close to the light guide plate 11, so that the connection with the control unit is easier, and the number of connection wires between the first electrode 153 and the control unit is reduced.
Specifically, in the display device provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the light extraction structure is a light extraction grating;
the grating period of the light-taking grating meets the following conditions:
n1sinθ1+n2sinθ2mP/λ; or, n1sinθ1-n2sinθ2＝mP/λ；m＝0，±1，±2…；
Wherein n is1Denotes the refractive index, theta, of the medium in which the incident light is present1Denotes the angle of incidence, n2Indicating the refractive index, theta, of the medium in which the emerging light is present2Denotes the diffraction angle, λ denotes the wavelength of the light, P denotes the grating period, and m denotes the diffraction order.
The light extraction grating is preferably of a nano-grating structure, light transmitted by total reflection in the light guide plate is diffracted out by utilizing the diffraction characteristic of the grating and is extracted in a collimation emergent mode, so that a backlight light source is provided for the display device, and in order to improve the light extraction efficiency, the light extraction grating is preferably made of a transparent medium material with a refractive index larger than that of the light guide plate.
The incident light of the light-taking grating is the light propagating in the light guide plateThus n is1Can represent the refractive index, theta, of the light guide plate1The diffraction angle refers to the included angle between the emergent light and the normal of the light-taking grating, so that the diffraction angle theta is the included angle2Equal to 0 deg.. Because the diffraction intensity of the zero-order diffraction and the first-order diffraction of the transmission grating is larger, the diffraction intensity of the high-order diffraction is much smaller than that of the zero-order diffraction and the first-order diffraction, the zero-order diffraction wave is along the incident light direction, and the diffraction direction of the first-order diffraction wave can be regulated and controlled by the grating period, therefore, in the embodiment of the invention, the first-order diffraction wave is adopted to determine the grating period, namely, the diffraction order is +1 or-1, namely, m is 1 or m is-1, so that the light beam period P of the light-taking grating can be obtained, and further, the diffraction efficiency of the light-taking grating can be adjusted through the groove depth and the duty ratio of the light-taking.
In practical applications, as shown in fig. 1, the display device provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include: a black matrix layer 17 for partitioning the display units 15;
the light-shielding structures 152 are made of the same material as the black matrix layer 17.
The black matrix layer 17 is located between the display units 15 and used for shielding structures such as metal wires affecting the aperture ratio, and the light shielding structure 152 is located inside the display units 15 and used for shielding light to form a dark state when the gray scale (L0 state) is zero, that is, the black matrix layer 17 and the display units 15 are both used for shielding light, so that the light shielding structures 152 and the black matrix layer 17 can be made of the same material and the same layer, the manufacturing process can be saved, and the manufacturing material can be saved.
In practical applications, a color filter may be disposed in each display unit 15 at a position other than the black matrix layer 17 and the light shielding structure 152 to realize color display.
In specific implementation, as shown in fig. 1, the display device provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include: a substrate layer 20 located on a side of the black matrix layer 17 facing away from the light guide plate 11, and a diffusion film 18 located on a side of the substrate layer 20 facing away from the black matrix layer 17.
Set up diffusion barrier 18 in the one side of base plate layer 20 deviating from black matrix layer 17, can revise the diffusion angle of emergent ray, make the light radiation area increase, improve the homogeneity of emergent ray to provide display device's display effect. It should be noted that the diffusion film 18 can increase the light radiation area, and does not affect the divergence angle of the emergent light, and does not affect the peeping prevention effect of the peeping prevention display mode.
In practical applications, as shown in fig. 1, the display device provided in the embodiment of the present invention may further include: and the light absorption layer 19 is positioned on the side of the light guide plate 11, which is far away from the light extraction structure 14.
Most of the light transmitted in the light guide plate 11 can be totally reflected, but inevitably some stray light cannot meet the total reflection condition, and the stray light can be emitted from the light guide plate 11, and the light absorption layer 19 is arranged to absorb the stray light emitted from the light extraction structure 14 side of the light guide plate 11.
The display device provided by the embodiment of the invention can realize normal display and peep-proof display through the single-layer blue phase liquid crystal layer, has a simple structure and lower requirement on the refractive index of liquid crystal, and can realize the switching between the peep-proof display mode and the normal display mode by controlling the emergent rays of the first light source only and controlling the emergent rays of the second light source only in the peep-proof display mode and in the normal display mode through the control unit, so that the switching mode is simple, the display conflict can not occur, the peep-proof display mode is not easy to be confused with the normal display mode, and the peep-proof display effect is better.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (10)

1. A display device, comprising: the display device comprises a light guide plate, a first light source, a second light source, a plurality of light taking structures, a plurality of display units and a control unit, wherein the first light source and the second light source are arranged on the light incoming side of the light guide plate; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the display unit includes: the light-shielding structure comprises a blue-phase liquid crystal layer, a first electrode and a second electrode which are positioned on the same side of the blue-phase liquid crystal layer and used for applying voltage to the blue-phase liquid crystal layer, and a light-shielding structure positioned on one side of the blue-phase liquid crystal layer, which is far away from the light guide plate;
each light shielding structure corresponds to a plurality of light taking structures one by one, and the orthographic projection of the light taking structures on the light guide plate is positioned in the orthographic projection range of the corresponding light shielding structures on the light guide plate;
the first light source and the second light source are both collimated polarized light, and the polarization directions of the polarized light emitted by the first light source and the second light source are mutually vertical;
the control unit is used for controlling the emergent light of the first light source only in the peep-proof display mode so as to enable each blue-phase liquid crystal layer to be equivalent to a concave lens structure, and controlling the emergent light of the second light source in the normal display mode so as to enable each blue-phase liquid crystal layer to be equivalent to a convex lens structure.
2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises: and a plurality of strip-shaped sub-electrodes.
3. The display device according to claim 2, wherein the control unit applies a voltage to the first electrode in both the peep-proof display mode and the normal display mode that satisfies: in the direction in which the middle of the first electrode points to both sides, the voltage applied to each of the strip-shaped sub-electrodes gradually increases.
4. The display apparatus of claim 3, wherein the polarized light emitted by the first light source has a polarization direction parallel to the first plane; the first plane is a plane perpendicular to the extending direction of the strip-shaped sub-electrodes;
the polarization direction of the polarized light emitted by the second light source is parallel to the extending direction of the strip-shaped sub-electrodes.
5. The display device of claim 2, further comprising: and the flat layer is positioned on one side of each light taking structure, which is far away from the light guide plate.
6. The display device according to claim 5, wherein the film layer of the first electrode is positioned between the film layer of the blue phase liquid crystal layer and the planarization layer;
the film layer where the second electrode is located between the film layer where the first electrode is located and the flat layer.
7. The display device of claim 1, wherein the light extraction structure is a light extraction grating;
the grating period of the light-taking grating meets the following conditions:
n1sinθ1+n2sinθ2mP/λ; or, n1sinθ1-n2sinθ2＝mP/λ；m＝0，±1，±2…；
Wherein n is1Denotes the refractive index, theta, of the medium in which the incident light is present1Denotes the angle of incidence, n2Indicating the refractive index, theta, of the medium in which the emerging light is present2Denotes the diffraction angle, λ denotes the wavelength of the light, P denotes the grating period, and m denotes the diffraction order.
8. The display device of claim 1, further comprising: a black matrix layer for partitioning the display cells;
and the shading structures and the black matrix layer are made of the same material.
9. The display device of claim 8, further comprising: the diffusion film is positioned on one side, away from the black matrix layer, of the substrate layer.
10. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising: and the light absorption layer is positioned on one side of the light guide plate, which is far away from the light extraction structure.
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