CN108643454A - A kind of the prestressed group anchorage system and its construction method of internal single beam sealing - Google Patents
A kind of the prestressed group anchorage system and its construction method of internal single beam sealing Download PDFInfo
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- CN108643454A CN108643454A CN201810785628.5A CN201810785628A CN108643454A CN 108643454 A CN108643454 A CN 108643454A CN 201810785628 A CN201810785628 A CN 201810785628A CN 108643454 A CN108643454 A CN 108643454A
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- anchor slab
- reinforcing steel
- sealing
- presstressed reinforcing
- tapered sleeve
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
- E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of prestressed group anchorage system of internal single beam sealing; the presstressed reinforcing steel and pre-buried duct, the sealing anchor slab component sealed including protection shade assembly, work clip sheet, sealing anchor slab component, anchor plate, more single beams includes work anchor slab, rubber tapered sleeve, plastics stop collar and pressure plate;The rubber tapered sleeve is multiple-piece wedge-shaped rubber coil structures, and plastics stop collar is not isometrical hollow round sleeve with the level;Under installation condition, every presstressed reinforcing steel is each passed through the taper hole I of pressure plate, plastics stop collar, the rubber tapered sleeve in taper hole II and the anchor slab that works, work clip sheet clamps presstressed reinforcing steel, and squeezed tight coordinates between rubber tapered sleeve and work anchor slab taper hole II, between rubber tapered sleeve and presstressed reinforcing steel PE sheaths;This group of anchor systems are mainly used for the operating mode of vertical replaceable presstressed reinforcing steel in vivo, effectively seal against connection presstressed reinforcing steel PE sheath exposed parts by sealing anchor slab component, are effectively sealed anti-corrosion protection to presstressed reinforcing steel, construction is simple, and operability is strong.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of prestressed group anchorage system sealed in vivo and its construction method more particularly to a kind of internal lists
The prestressed group anchorage system and its construction method of beam sealing.
Background technology
In post-tensioned concrete structure, to ensure presstressed reinforcing steel reliability long-term under high-stress state, answer
Effective anti-corrosion is carried out to presstressed reinforcing steel, generally use monofilament spraying epoxy coating technology protects steel wire at present, then leads to
Grease and PE sheaths are wrapped up in outside crossing to protect single beam presstressed reinforcing steel, are protected again to play the role of 3 to compressor wire.
But this three-layer protection can be destroyed in anchor head holding position, either Extruded anchoring tool or strand tapered anchorage,
Can be because of the destruction for protecting medium and by environmental corrosion, therefore can generally increase protective cover and sealing device at anchor head to folder
The part that the place of holding divests PE sheaths carries out anti-corrosion protection, and sealing device here is usually the form that anti-corrosion medium is filled in cylinder
Integral sealing protection, such as a kind of patent of invention " dragline anchorage using single sealing " (patent are carried out to multi beam presstressed reinforcing steel
106638309 A Figure 10 of publication No. CN), the sealing device of the invention patent be exactly by sealing drum, positioning plate, compression ring,
The mating connection of steel strand wires casing seals, and a large amount of easily cure pastes are perfused into sealing drum and carry out anti-corrosion, therefore this
Kind sealing device has need to be prefabricated in advance, and occupied space is big, and filling preserving timber doses is big, the higher disadvantage of cost.If being applied to
In-body prestressed structure then will increase the reserving hole channel diameter of structure, weaken structural strength, and be not easy to installation.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to:It provides a kind of applied in prestressed reinforced concrete construction body and without the list of sealing off and covering anchorage protection
Beam seals soap-free emulsion polymeization anchoring system, and the part for removing PE sheaths to unbonded prestressing tendon by sealing anchor slab component carries out effectively
Sealed connection and protection, so that every beam presstressed reinforcing steel is environmentally isolated with, to solve above-mentioned technical problem.
The technical solution to solve the above problems is:A kind of prestressed group anchorage system of internal single beam sealing, including protective cover
Component, work clip sheet, anchor slab, anchor plate, m roots unbonded prestressing tendon, pre-buried duct, it is characterised in that:The soap-free emulsion polymeization
Presstressed reinforcing steel is the presstressed reinforcing steel of single beam sealing, and the anchor slab is sealing anchor slab component, which includes work
Anchor slab, rubber tapered sleeve, plastics stop collar and pressure plate, the one end for the anchor slab that works are provided with the taper hole I for installing intermediate plate, work anchor
The other end of plate is provided with groove, pressure plate is located in the groove, and there is taper hole II in straight hole tail portion in the anchor slab that works;
The rubber tapered sleeve is multiple-piece wedge-shaped rubber coil structures, and plastics stop collar is not isometrical hollow round sleeve with the level,
Rubber cone covers upper every wedge shape rubber block can only carry out radial displacement by respective card slot limitation on plastics stop collar;
Under installation condition, every presstressed reinforcing steel be each passed through pressure plate, plastics stop collar, the rubber tapered sleeve in taper hole II and
The taper hole I of work anchor slab, work clip sheet clamp presstressed reinforcing steel, and PE sheaths withstand work anchor slab lower face taper hole II, hexagonal spiral shell
Bolt and nut check work anchor slab and pressure plate, rubber tapered sleeve and work anchor slab taper hole II form wedging cooperation, rubber tapered sleeve with
Squeezed tight coordinates between work anchor slab taper hole II, between rubber tapered sleeve and presstressed reinforcing steel PE sheaths;Protect shade assembly and sealing
Luminal perfusion has flowable anti-corrosion medium in gap between the work anchor slab of anchor slab component;The value range of above-mentioned m is:m
For the integer more than or equal to 2.
Its further technical solution is:The angle of taper α of the rubber tapered sleeve and the angle beta of anchor slab small end taper hole are opposite
It answers, value range is 10~30 °.
Its further technical solution is:It is characterized in that:Being put on plastics stop collar has an O-ring seals.
Relevant another technical solution is:A kind of construction method of the prestressed group anchorage system of above-mentioned internal single beam sealing,
It includes the following steps:
A, prepare before construction:It is prefabricated in the factory and seals each component of anchor slab component, including work anchor slab, rubber tapered sleeve, plastics limit
Position set and pressure plate;
B, positioning and anchor plate and pre-buried duct are installed(Bellows or withdrawing pipe)Afterwards, casting concrete;
C, after concrete reaches demand intensity, presstressed reinforcing steel is passed through into duct, divests presstressed reinforcing steel end sections PE sheaths;
D, installation sealing anchor slab component:
Sealing anchor slab component is mounted on anchor plate, and promotes certain altitude, so as to lashing;
E, lashing:
Every presstressed reinforcing steel is each passed through pressure plate, positioning sleeve, rubber tapered sleeve and work anchor slab, PE sheaths is allowed to withstand work anchor
After the taper hole of plate lower face, installment work intermediate plate clamps presstressed reinforcing steel end, makes it that can not generate displacement because conducting oneself with dignity or colliding with;
F:Locking, sealing:
After completing all presstressed reinforcing steel lashings, by hex bolts and nut check pressure plate, rubber tapered sleeve wedge shaped squeeze is utilized
The PE sheaths and anchor slab lower end taper hole of presstressed reinforcing steel, to reach sealing effect;
G:Other end anchorage uses same structure type, cuts off steel strand wires on demand and divests PE sheaths, repeats step D~F,
Complete the installation of a whole set of anchorage;
H:One end is selected to carry out presstressed reinforcing steel preload and integral tension;
I:After completing tensioning, at both ends, anchor head is respectively mounted protection shade assembly, and is situated between to the flowable anti-corrosion of protective cover luminal perfusion
Matter.
A kind of further technical solution of the construction method of the prestressed group anchorage system of internal single beam sealing is:In F:
Locking, sealing step, being put on plastics stop collar has an O-ring seals.
Due to taking above structure, the present invention's《A kind of the prestressed group anchorage system and its construction party of internal single beam sealing
Method》It has the advantages that:
1, independent sealed, be not likely to produce anti-corrosion failure, sealed reliable:
1. prestressed group anchorage system of the present invention covers whole beam and provides PE sheaths and carried out with sealing anchor slab component 4 by using grease
The mode being effectively tightly connected, being isolated with extraneous corrosive substance per beam presstressed reinforcing steel, to be substantially effectively prestressing force
Muscle provides protection.
2. the unbonded prestressing tendon 6 realizes that single beam seals by sealing anchor slab component 4, sealed reliable:
The sealing anchor slab component 4 includes work anchor slab 41, rubber tapered sleeve 42, plastics stop collar 43 and pressure plate 44, and work anchor slab
41 one end is provided with the taper hole I 411 for installing intermediate plate, and the other end of work anchor slab 41 is provided with groove 414, pressure plate 44 is located at
In the groove 414, rubber tapered sleeve 42 uses multiple-piece wedge-shaped rubber coil structures, every wedge shape rubber block on rubber tapered sleeve 42 equal
Radial displacement can only be carried out by respective card slot limitation on plastics stop collar 43(Referring to Fig. 3), before unlocked tight pressure plate 44, there are
Enough aperture Φ d allow presstressed reinforcing steel to pass through(Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 7, Fig. 8), after locking pressure plate 44, tightly packed PE sheaths
Gap JX2 between gap JX1 and plastics stop collar 43 between rubber tapered sleeve 42 and work anchor slab 41 reaches sealing and connects
The effect connect;The friction coefficient of rubber ring and PE sheaths is high, in vertical structure, can also provide a more reliable frictional power
Prevent PE sheaths in steel strand tension or because PE sheaths dead weight generate sliding.
2, easy for construction, easy to operate, construction efficiency is high;
1. the angle beta of the angle of taper α and anchor slab small end taper hole of wedge-shaped rubber tapered sleeve 42 can be adjusted(Fig. 3, Fig. 5), to adjust
The radial normal pressure that rubber ring applies PE sheaths when section locking, it is easy to operate.
It is finished 2. sealing anchor slab component can be assembled before construction, only needs to lock after lashing(Or it compresses)Pressure plate, you can complete
Easy to operate at sealed connection, construction efficiency is high.
3. for this kind of elongated vertical structure of wind tower cylinder, single presstressed reinforcing steel lashing can be carried out, can also be used more
Beam is reeved, easy to operate, and occupancy operating space is small, and operability is good.
3, small to the damage of structure, convenient for safeguarding when the later stage carry out changing rope or anchoring temporarily:
1. duct is smaller, small to the damage of structure;
2. presstressed reinforcing steel is protected it is not necessary that slurry is perfused in duct, therefore when presstressed reinforcing steel occurs abnormal, can carry out pre-
Stress rib replacement operation;The later stage carries out changing rope or anchoring temporarily when convenient for safeguarding.
3. according to the preferable anti-corrosion medium of mobility, since the structure is in the connection of protection shade assembly 1 and anchor plate 5
Rubber has been carried out at place, the junction of sealing anchor slab component 4 and anchor plate 5, rubber tapered sleeve 42 and PE sheaths, anchor slab lower end taper hole
Glue crush seal, therefore the structure can observe by the naked eye anti-corrosion medium residue content in protection shade assembly and judge seal assembly
Whether fail.
4, the anti-corrosion medium amount of structural reduction, perfusion is less, and perfusion anti-corrosion medium need to only cover anchor head, you can reach anti-corrosion
Effect, it is cost-effective.
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples to the present invention's《It a kind of prestressed group anchorage system of internal single beam sealing and its applies
Work method》Technical characteristic be described further.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of prestressed group anchorage system overall structure diagram of internal single beam sealing of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that a kind of assembled state structure of the sealing anchor slab component of the prestressed group anchorage system of internal single beam sealing of the present invention is shown
It is intended to;
Fig. 3, Fig. 4 are the combining structure schematic diagrams of the rubber tapered sleeve and plastics stop collar that seal anchor slab component;
Fig. 3 is front sectional view, and Fig. 4 is the left view of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the work anchor plate structure schematic diagram for sealing anchor slab component;
Fig. 6 is the plastics stop collar structural schematic diagram for sealing anchor slab component;
Fig. 7 is the sealing anchor slab component structure diagram before presstressed reinforcing steel lashing;
Fig. 8 is locking after presstressed reinforcing steel lashing, the sealing anchor slab component structure diagram after sealing;
Fig. 9 is the portions the A enlarged drawing of Fig. 7;
Figure 10 is the existing single sealing anchor device structure schematic diagram with the independent sealed structure of multilayer.
In Fig. 1-Fig. 9:
1- protection shade assemblies, 2- anti-corrosion media, 3- work clip sheets,
4- anchors seal anchor slab component, 41- work anchor slabs, 42- rubber tapered sleeves, 43- plastics stop collars, 44- pressure plates, 45- hexagonals
Bolt, 46- nuts;
411- taper holes I, 412- straight holes, 413- taper holes II, 414- grooves,
5- anchor plates, 6- unbonded prestressing tendons, the pre-buried ducts 7-, 8-O shape sealing rings.
Gap between JX1- PE sheaths and rubber tapered sleeve, the gap between JX2- plastics stop collar and work anchor slab,
YJMF- compresses sealing.
In Figure 10:
1a- protects shade assembly, 2a- bolts, 3a- work clip sheets, 4a- anchor slabs, 5a- sealing drums, the hardenable slurries of 6a-, 7a- isolation
Set, 8a- sealing devices II, 9a-sealing plate, 10a-compression ring, 11a- unbonded prestressing tendons.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment one
A kind of prestressed group anchorage system of internal single beam sealing:
As shown in Figure 1, the prestressed group anchorage system of internal single beam sealing includes protection shade assembly 1, work clip sheet 3, anchor slab, anchor
Backing plate 5, m roots unbonded prestressing tendon 6, pre-buried duct 7;
The unbonded prestressing tendon 6 is the presstressed reinforcing steel of single beam sealing, and the anchor slab is sealing anchor slab component 4, such as Fig. 2
Shown, which includes work anchor slab 41, rubber tapered sleeve 42, plastics stop collar 43 and pressure plate 44, and work anchor slab
41 one end is provided with the taper hole I 411 for installing intermediate plate, and the other end of work anchor slab 41 is provided with groove 414, pressure plate 44 is located at
In the groove 414, there is taper hole II 413 in 412 tail portion of straight hole in the anchor slab that works(Referring to Fig. 5);
The rubber tapered sleeve 42 is multiple-piece wedge-shaped rubber coil structures, and plastics stop collar 43 is not isometrical hollow circular shaft with the level
It covers, every wedge shape rubber block on rubber tapered sleeve 42 can only carry out radial displacement by respective card slot limitation on plastics stop collar 43
(Referring to Fig. 3-Fig. 4);
Every presstressed reinforcing steel is each passed through pressure plate 44, plastics stop collar 43, the rubber tapered sleeve 42 in taper hole II 413 and work
Make the taper hole I 411 of anchor slab 41, work clip sheet clamps presstressed reinforcing steel, and PE sheaths withstand work anchor slab lower face taper hole II 413,
Hex bolts and nut check work anchor slab 41 and pressure plate 44, rubber tapered sleeve 42 and work anchor slab taper hole II 413 form wedging
Cooperation, rubber tapered sleeve 42 and anchor slab taper hole II 413, rubber tapered sleeve 42 and presstressed reinforcing steel PE the sheaths squeezed tight between the two that works
Cooperation;Luminal perfusion has flowable anti-corrosion to be situated between in gap between protection shade assembly 1 and the work anchor slab for sealing anchor slab component 4
Matter 2;The value range of above-mentioned m is:M is the integer more than or equal to 2.
The angle of taper α of the rubber tapered sleeve 42 and the angle beta of anchor slab small end taper hole are corresponding, value range be 10~
30°(Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 5), the angle beta of angle of taper α and anchor slab small end taper hole by adjusting rubber tapered sleeve 42, to adjust
The radial normal pressure that rubber ring applies PE sheaths when locking.
As a kind of transformation of the embodiment of the present invention, an O-ring seals 8 can also be put on plastics stop collar 43(Ginseng
See Fig. 6), to enhance sealing effect.
Embodiment two
A kind of construction method of the prestressed group anchorage system of internal single beam sealing, it includes the following steps:
A, prepare before construction:It is prefabricated in the factory and seals each component of anchor slab component 4, including work anchor slab 41, rubber tapered sleeve 42, modeling
Expect stop collar 43 and pressure plate 44(Referring to Fig. 3-Fig. 6);
B, positioning and anchor plate 5 and pre-buried duct 7 are installed(Bellows or withdrawing pipe)Afterwards, casting concrete;
C, after concrete reaches demand intensity, presstressed reinforcing steel is passed through into duct, divests presstressed reinforcing steel end sections PE sheaths;
D, installation sealing anchor slab component 4:
Sealing anchor slab component 4 is mounted on anchor plate 5, and promotes certain altitude, so as to lashing;
E, lashing:
Every presstressed reinforcing steel is each passed through pressure plate 44, positioning sleeve 43, rubber tapered sleeve 42 and work anchor slab 41, allows PE sheaths top
It firmly works after 41 lower face taper hole of anchor slab, installment work intermediate plate 3 clamps presstressed reinforcing steel end, makes it can not be because conducting oneself with dignity or knocking
Touch generation displacement(Referring to Fig. 7);
F:Locking, sealing:
After completing all presstressed reinforcing steel lashings, by hex bolts and nut check pressure plate 44, squeezed using rubber tapered sleeve wedge shape
The PE sheaths and anchor slab lower end taper hole for pressing presstressed reinforcing steel, to reach sealing effect, plastics stop collar 43 is preferable using plasticity
Material can generate small plastic deformation to a certain extent, reach sealing effect after being squeezed(Referring to Fig. 8);
G:Other end anchorage uses same structure type(Referring to Fig. 1), steel strand wires are cut off on demand and divest PE sheaths, are repeated
Step D~F completes the installation of a whole set of anchorage;
H:One end is selected to carry out presstressed reinforcing steel preload and integral tension;
I:After completing tensioning, at both ends, anchor head is respectively mounted protection shade assembly 1, and is situated between to the flowable anti-corrosion of protective cover luminal perfusion
Matter.
In F:In locking, sealing step, the angle beta phase of the angle of taper α and anchor slab small end taper hole of the rubber tapered sleeve 42
Corresponding, value range is 10~30 °(Referring to Fig. 3, Fig. 5), by the angle of taper α and anchor slab small end that adjust rubber tapered sleeve 42
The angle beta of taper hole, the radial normal pressure that rubber ring applies PE sheaths when to adjust locking.
As a kind of transformation of the embodiment of the present invention, an O-ring seals 8 can also be put on plastics stop collar 43, with
Enhance sealing effect.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of prestressed group anchorage system of internal single beam sealing, including protection shade assembly(1), work clip sheet(3), anchor slab, anchor
Backing plate(5), m root unbonded prestressing tendons(6), pre-buried duct(7), it is characterised in that:The unbonded prestressing tendon(6)It is
The presstressed reinforcing steel of single beam sealing, the anchor slab are sealing anchor slab component(4), the sealing anchor slab component(4)Including the anchor slab that works
(41), rubber tapered sleeve(42), plastics stop collar(43)And pressure plate(44), work anchor slab(41)One end be provided with for installation folder
The taper hole I of piece(411), work anchor slab(41)The other end be provided with groove(414), pressure plate(44)Positioned at the groove(414)It is interior,
There is taper hole II in straight hole tail portion in work anchor slab(413);
The rubber tapered sleeve(42)For multiple-piece wedge-shaped rubber coil structures, plastics stop collar(43)It is with the level not isometrical hollow
Round sleeve, rubber tapered sleeve(42)On every wedge shape rubber block by plastics stop collar(43)Upper respective card slot limitation can only carry out
Radial displacement;
Under installation condition, every presstressed reinforcing steel is each passed through pressure plate(44), plastics stop collar(43), be located at taper hole II(413)
Interior rubber tapered sleeve(42)With work anchor slab(41)Taper hole I(411), work clip sheet clamps presstressed reinforcing steel, and PE sheaths are withstood
Work anchor slab lower face taper hole II(413), hex bolts and nut check work anchor slab(41)And pressure plate(44), rubber tapered sleeve
(42)With work anchor slab taper hole II(413)Form wedging cooperation, rubber tapered sleeve(42)With work anchor slab taper hole II(413)Between,
Rubber tapered sleeve(42)Squeezed tight coordinates between presstressed reinforcing steel PE sheaths;Protect shade assembly(1)With sealing anchor slab component(4)'s
Luminal perfusion has flowable anti-corrosion medium in gap between work anchor slab(2);The value range of above-mentioned m is:M be more than etc.
In 2 integer.
2. a kind of prestressed group anchorage system of internal single beam sealing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The rubber
Tapered sleeve(42)Angle of taper α and anchor slab small end taper hole angle beta it is corresponding, value range be 10~30 °.
3. a kind of prestressed group anchorage system of internal single beam sealing according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:It is moulding
Expect stop collar(43)Upper storing has an O-ring seals(8).
4. a kind of construction method of the prestressed group anchorage system of internal single beam sealing, it is characterised in that:It includes the following steps:
A, prepare before construction:Be prefabricated in the factory sealing anchor slab component(4)Each component, including work anchor slab(41), rubber tapered sleeve
(42), plastics stop collar(43)And pressure plate(44);
B, positioning and anchor plate is installed(5)With pre-buried duct(7)(Bellows or withdrawing pipe)Afterwards, casting concrete;
C, after concrete reaches demand intensity, presstressed reinforcing steel is passed through into duct, divests presstressed reinforcing steel end sections PE sheaths;
D, installation sealing anchor slab component(4):
Anchor slab component will be sealed(4)Mounted on anchor plate(5)On, and certain altitude is promoted, so as to lashing;
E, lashing:
Every presstressed reinforcing steel is each passed through pressure plate(44), positioning sleeve(43), rubber tapered sleeve(42)With work anchor slab(41), allow
PE sheaths withstand work anchor slab(41)After the taper hole of lower face, installment work intermediate plate(3), presstressed reinforcing steel end is clamped, its nothing is made
Method generates displacement because conducting oneself with dignity or colliding with;
F:Locking, sealing:
After completing all presstressed reinforcing steel lashings, pass through hex bolts and nut check pressure plate(44), utilize rubber tapered sleeve wedge shape
The PE sheaths and anchor slab lower end taper hole for squeezing presstressed reinforcing steel, to reach sealing effect;
G:Other end anchorage uses same structure type, cuts off steel strand wires on demand and divests PE sheaths, repeats step D~F,
Complete the installation of a whole set of anchorage;
H:One end is selected to carry out presstressed reinforcing steel preload and integral tension;
I:After completing tensioning, at both ends, anchor head is respectively mounted protection shade assembly(1), and to the flowable anti-corrosion of protective cover luminal perfusion
Medium.
5. a kind of construction method of the prestressed group anchorage system of internal single beam sealing according to claim 4, feature exist
In:In F:Locking, sealing step, in plastics stop collar(43)Upper storing has an O-ring seals(8).
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CN110258928A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2019-09-20 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | A kind of installation method of Nut column deformed bar device |
CN110359634A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-10-22 | 威胜利工程有限公司 | Stretching end anchorage |
CN113027138A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-06-25 | 云南省建设投资控股集团有限公司 | Steel strand penetrating and guiding device |
CN118029693A (en) * | 2024-02-27 | 2024-05-14 | 中国核工业华兴建设有限公司 | Prestressed construction method of grouting and tensioning |
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