CN108642985B - Rapid environment-friendly pavement based on recycled plastic - Google Patents
Rapid environment-friendly pavement based on recycled plastic Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108642985B CN108642985B CN201810494976.7A CN201810494976A CN108642985B CN 108642985 B CN108642985 B CN 108642985B CN 201810494976 A CN201810494976 A CN 201810494976A CN 108642985 B CN108642985 B CN 108642985B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- san
- plastic plate
- recycled plastic
- recycled
- hole
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
- E01C3/006—Foundations for pavings made of prefabricated single units
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
- E01C3/06—Methods or arrangements for protecting foundations from destructive influences of moisture, frost or vibration
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid environment-friendly pavement based on recycled plastics, wherein each SAN recycled plastic plate is positioned between a roadbed and a cement concrete pavement layer, each SAN recycled plastic plate is distributed in sequence, and two adjacent SAN recycled plastic plates are connected through a SAN recycled plastic plate seaming device; the SAN recycled plastic plate is characterized in that first through holes are formed in the positions, connected with the SAN recycled plastic plate joint devices, of the SAN recycled plastic plate joint devices, a plurality of second through holes are formed in the roadbed, one first through hole corresponds to one second through hole and one interlayer stabilizing device, the first through holes are opposite to the corresponding second through holes, the upper end of the interlayer stabilizing device is connected with the cement concrete pavement layer, the lower end of the interlayer stabilizing device penetrates through the corresponding first through hole and is inserted into the corresponding second through hole, and the SAN foamed plastic can be recycled on the pavement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rapid environment-friendly pavement base layer, in particular to a rapid environment-friendly pavement based on recycled plastic.
Background
At present, the cement concrete road mainly adopts a material with higher elastic modulus to build a base layer, and the problems of high material acquisition cost, high transportation difficulty, complex construction procedure, long construction period and the like generally exist. Meanwhile, due to the difference of the dry and wet types of the subgrade and the road load conditions in different areas, the base material and the structural design have no strict standard. Usually, engineering personnel are required to repeatedly carry out accounting and verification according to the construction state, and the quality of a road base layer is objectively unstable, so that the traffic capacity of the road is influenced.
As a pavement type with high strength, good stability and durability, the cement concrete pavement is widely applied to various road projects and is one of the pavement types with the largest construction area at present. However, due to the specific requirements of the cement concrete pavement on environmental factors such as drainage conditions, base strength, overall stability and the like, the base is usually constructed in advance below the pavement surface layer to prevent road diseases such as mud pumping, freezing, water damage and the like, and meanwhile, the compressive stress of the top surface of the subgrade is reduced, the bearing capacity of the pavement structure is improved, and convenience is provided for the surface layer construction.
In the construction at the present stage, the base course is mainly built by using traditional building materials such as lean concrete, asphalt concrete, cement stabilized macadam, lime fly ash stabilized macadam and the like. The lean concrete is a material prepared by coarse and fine aggregates, certain cement and water, and the strength of the material is greater than that of a semi-rigid base material; the asphalt concrete is a mixture prepared by mixing mineral aggregate, broken stone and the like with a certain gradation composition and road asphalt material in a certain proportion under the strictly controlled condition, and the material has high strength and good integrity; the cement stabilized macadam takes graded macadam as aggregate, adopts cementing material and enough mortar to fill the gap of the aggregate, and is paved and compacted according to the embedding and extruding principle, thus having ideal strength, impermeability and frost resistance; lime powder. The coal ash stabilized macadam is a mixture prepared by mixing lime, fly ash and other doped materials (soil and aggregate) according to a proper proportion, an optimal water content and a reasonable process (mixing, compacting and maintaining).
In the current stage of cement concrete pavement base course construction, materials such as lean concrete, asphalt concrete, cement stabilized macadam, lime fly ash stabilized macadam and the like are mainly adopted, and the problems of high material cost, high transportation difficulty, difficult structural design, low construction standardization degree, poor resource circulation and the like exist to different degrees. Specifically, the poor concrete base layer has poor waterproof performance due to low cementing material content, large porosity and poor water resistance, and cannot prevent the road surface water from infiltrating into the base layer and prevent the underground capillary water from rising; the asphalt concrete material has higher price and complex construction process, and is mainly used for the construction of high-grade roads; the cement stabilized macadam needs time for curing, and does not meet the rapid construction requirement of roads; the lime fly ash stabilized macadam material has wide sources, but has general mechanical properties and can only meet the requirements of low-grade road base course.
The thermosetting SAN foam is a thermosetting SAN foam, and the main material thereof is Styrene-propylene wax Copolymer (SAN). SAN can be used in various resin systems and is suitable for various structure forming and processes; closed cell structure, no water absorption; low resin uptake; the density is between that of other foam boards and wood boards; the thermal stability in the molding process is extremely good and does not expand after reaching 150 ℃; the temperature can reach 127 ℃, and the hot forming can be carried out; high temperature resistance and high chemical component stability; compared with cross-linked foam boards and wood boards, the composite board has higher toughness and high abrasion capacity; excellent fatigue resistance and creep resistance; excellent chemical stability; high compression strength and compression modulus; the shock resistance is good. SAN is mainly used as a sandwich foam material of a large-scale high-performance structure at present, and is widely applied to the construction of the large-scale high-performance structure in the fields of wind energy, transportation, shipping and the like. But a large amount of SAN foam waste is generated in the preparation processes of processing, cutting and the like, and a recycling method with high added value and high utilization rate is lacked aiming at the waste.
SAN foamed plastic belongs to leftovers in the production and processing process, and is powder cut from a body material, and the average fineness of the powder is 40 meshes. At present, the waste plastics are mainly recycled by chemical or thermochemical methods, energy recovery methods, physical recovery methods and the like. Chemical or thermochemical recovery can decompose waste plastics into chemical raw materials, liquid fuels, or obtain modified materials having other application properties, but is generally difficult to industrialize, requires severe reaction conditions, and has high requirements for equipment and high production costs. Meanwhile, SAN is used as a foamed plastic with small density and large volume, so that the demand for solvents and other reactants is overlarge in the reaction process, and the regeneration cost is greatly increased; although the energy recovery method can recover a part of energy by burning the waste plastics, the SAN foamed plastics contain a large amount of additives and flame retardants, so that secondary pollution is easily caused in the burning process. The physical recovery method has simple process and low requirement on equipment, and is the most economical and operable recovery method under the prior art conditions. But the prior SAN foam plastic physical recovery method has no finished product application with high additional value, and the development and application of the method are restricted by the tiny commercial profit, so that an environment-friendly pavement base layer based on SAN foam plastic can be developed to realize the reutilization of the SAN foam plastic, and the problems of high material cost, high transportation difficulty, difficult structural design, low construction standardization degree, poor resource recycling and the like existing in the cement concrete pavement base layer at the present stage are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a rapid environment-friendly pavement based on recycled plastic, which can realize the recycling of SAN foamed plastic and has the characteristics of low material cost, convenient transportation, simple structural design, high construction standardization degree and better resource recycling.
In order to achieve the purpose, the rapid environment-friendly road surface based on the recycled plastic comprises a roadbed, a cement concrete road surface layer, a plurality of SAN recycled plastic plates and a plurality of interlaminar stabilizing devices, wherein each SAN recycled plastic plate is positioned between the roadbed and the cement concrete road surface layer, each SAN recycled plastic plate is distributed in sequence, and two adjacent SAN recycled plastic plates are connected through an SAN recycled plastic plate seaming device;
the connection positions of the SAN recycled plastic plates, the SAN recycled plastic plate joint devices and the SAN recycled plastic plate joint devices are respectively provided with a first through hole, the roadbed is provided with a plurality of second through holes, one first through hole corresponds to one second through hole and one interlayer stabilizing device, each first through hole is right opposite to the corresponding second through hole, the upper end of the interlayer stabilizing device is connected with the cement concrete pavement layer, and the lower end of the interlayer stabilizing device penetrates through the corresponding first through hole and is inserted into the corresponding second through hole.
The adjacent SAN regenerated plastic plates are connected with the SAN regenerated plastic plate joint device through a concave-convex joint structure.
Interlayer bonding waterproof layers are arranged on the inner wall of the first through hole, the inner wall of the second through hole, the joint device of the roadbed and the SAN recycled plastic plate, and the joint device of the SAN recycled plastic plate and the SAN recycled plastic plate.
The interlayer bonding waterproof layer is made of epoxy resin adhesive.
The interlayer stabilizing device is made of cement concrete.
In each first through hole on the SAN regenerated plastic plate, the distance between the first through hole positioned at the connecting position of the SAN regenerated plastic plate and the SAN regenerated plastic plate joint device and the adjacent first through hole is 25cm, and the distance between other adjacent first through holes is 2 m;
in each first through hole on the SAN regenerated plastic plate seaming device, the distance between the first through hole at the connecting position of the SAN regenerated plastic plate and the SAN regenerated plastic plate seaming device and the adjacent first through hole is 25cm, and the distance between other adjacent first through holes is 4 m.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the rapid environment-friendly road surface based on the recycled plastic is specifically operated, the SAN recycled plastic plate and the SAN recycled plastic plate joint device are arranged between the roadbed and the cement concrete road surface layer, and the SAN recycled plastic plate joint device are used as the base layer, so that the reutilization of the SAN foamed plastic is realized, and the overall construction cost of the road is reduced. In addition, SAN recycled plastic panel and SAN recycled plastic board seam device can prefabricate in the mill, then transport the job site and carry out the installation construction, and the standardization level is higher to do not have the problem that road building material scene compares and mixes, the construction degree of difficulty is little, and the construction is comparatively convenient, and construction cycle is short, can avoid the big problem of the transportation degree of difficulty that traditional construction in-process transported basic unit raw and other materials brought simultaneously. In addition, the invention forms a force transmission structure penetrating through the base layer, the roadbed and the cement concrete road surface layer 1 through the interlayer stabilizing device, thereby ensuring the integrity of the road structure.
Furthermore, interlayer bonding waterproof layers are arranged on the inner wall of the first through hole, the inner wall of the second through hole, the joint device of the roadbed and the SAN recycled plastic plate, and the joint device of the SAN recycled plastic plate and the SAN recycled plastic plate, so that the damage to the road surface caused by surface water leakage or underground water seepage can be avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a SAN recycled plastic plate 2 according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is a cement concrete pavement layer, 2 is SAN recycled plastic board, 3 is an interlayer stabilizing device, 4 is an interlayer bonding waterproof layer, 5 is a SAN recycled plastic board seaming device, and 6 is a roadbed.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1 and 2, the rapid environment-friendly road surface based on recycled plastics comprises a roadbed 6, a cement concrete road surface layer 1, a plurality of SAN recycled plastic plates 2 and a plurality of interlayer stabilizing devices 3, wherein each SAN recycled plastic plate 2 is positioned between the roadbed 6 and the cement concrete road surface layer 1, each SAN recycled plastic plate 2 is distributed in sequence, and two adjacent SAN recycled plastic plates 2 are connected through an SAN recycled plastic plate seaming device 5; each SAN recycled plastic plate 2, each SAN recycled plastic plate seaming device 5 and the connecting position of the SAN recycled plastic plate 2 and the SAN recycled plastic plate seaming device 5 are provided with a first through hole, a plurality of second through holes are arranged on the roadbed 6, wherein one first through hole corresponds to one second through hole and one interlayer stabilizing device 3, each first through hole is over against the corresponding second through hole, the upper end of the interlayer stabilizing device 3 is connected with the cement concrete pavement layer 1, the lower end of the interlayer stabilizing device 3 penetrates through the corresponding first through hole and is inserted into the corresponding second through hole, and the adjacent SAN recycled plastic plates 2 are connected with the SAN recycled plastic plate seaming device 5 through a concave-convex clamping seam structure.
Interlayer bonding waterproof layers 4 are arranged on the inner wall of the first through hole, the inner wall of the second through hole, the roadbed 6, the SAN regenerated plastic plate joint device 5 and the SAN regenerated plastic plate 2, and the SAN regenerated plastic plate joint device 5 and the SAN regenerated plastic plate 2; the interlayer bonding waterproof layer 4 is made of epoxy resin adhesive; the interlayer stabilizing device 3 is made of cement concrete.
In each first through hole on the SAN regenerated plastic plate 2, the distance between the first through hole at the connecting position of the SAN regenerated plastic plate 2 and the SAN regenerated plastic plate seaming device 5 and the adjacent first through hole is 25cm, and the distance between other adjacent first through holes is 2 m; in each first through hole on the SAN recycled plastic plate seaming device 5, the distance between the first through hole at the connecting position of the SAN recycled plastic plate 2 and the SAN recycled plastic plate seaming device 5 and the first through hole adjacent to the first through hole is 25cm, and the distance between other adjacent first through holes is 4 m.
When preparing the SAN regenerated plastic plate 2 and the SAN regenerated plastic plate joint device 5, firstly crushing, cleaning, drying and secondarily crushing the waste thermosetting SAN foamed plastic to prepare SAN foamed plastic powder, then heating, pressurizing and compressing the SAN foamed plastic powder to prepare the SAN regenerated plastic plate 2 and the SAN regenerated plastic plate joint device 5, and then cooling the SAN foamed plastic powder to room temperature, wherein in the production application of the existing mature physical recovery facilities, the compressive strength of the regenerated material produced by the SAN waste foamed plastic is generally more than 30MPa and is far higher than the requirement of technical specification of highway pavement base layer construction (JTJ 034-2000) on the compressive strength of a base layer (2.5-3 MPa of roads with two levels and below and 3-5MPa of high-grade roads and one-grade roads), meanwhile, the impact strength is generally more than 3.5MPa, and the bending strength can reach 23MPa, so the SAN regenerated plastic plate is a road base 6 layer material with ideal mechanical properties.
During specific construction, prefabricating the SAN recycled plastic plate 2 and the SAN recycled plastic plate joint device 5 in a factory, transporting the SAN recycled plastic plate 2 and the SAN recycled plastic plate joint device 5 to a construction site, drilling a second through hole in a roadbed 6, splicing and placing the SAN recycled plastic plate 2 and the SAN recycled plastic plate joint device 5 on the roadbed 6, and constructing the cement concrete pavement layer 1 by adopting a cast-in-place process according to the requirements of cement concrete construction technical specifications of highway cement concrete pavement construction (JTGF30-2003) and according to the requirements of the construction specifications. Particularly, in the pouring process, concrete can flow into the first through hole and the second through hole, after the cement concrete pavement layer 1 is poured, the interlayer stabilizing device 3 is poured and formed along with the concrete, and the cement concrete poured on the pavement layer is hardened and cured to form a force transmission structure penetrating through the pavement layer, the base layer and the roadbed 6, so that the integrity of the pavement structure is ensured.
Claims (5)
1. A rapid environment-friendly pavement based on recycled plastics is characterized by comprising a roadbed (6), a cement concrete pavement layer (1), a plurality of SAN recycled plastic plates (2) and a plurality of interlayer stabilizing devices (3), wherein each SAN recycled plastic plate (2) is positioned between the roadbed (6) and the cement concrete pavement layer (1), each SAN recycled plastic plate (2) is distributed in sequence, and two adjacent SAN recycled plastic plates (2) are connected through an SAN recycled plastic plate seaming device (5);
first through holes are formed in the SAN regenerated plastic plates (2), the SAN regenerated plastic plate joint devices (5) and the connection positions of the SAN regenerated plastic plates (2) and the SAN regenerated plastic plate joint devices (5), a plurality of second through holes are formed in the roadbed (6), one first through hole corresponds to one second through hole and one interlayer stabilizing device (3), each first through hole is over against the corresponding second through hole, the upper end of the interlayer stabilizing device (3) is connected with the cement concrete pavement layer (1), and the lower end of the interlayer stabilizing device (3) penetrates through the corresponding first through hole and is inserted into the corresponding second through hole;
interlayer bonding waterproof layers (4) are arranged on the inner walls of the first through holes, the inner walls of the second through holes, the roadbed (6), the SAN recycled plastic plate joint device (5) and the SAN recycled plastic plate (2) and the SAN recycled plastic plate joint device (5) and the SAN recycled plastic plate (2).
2. The rapid environmental-friendly road surface based on recycled plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein adjacent SAN recycled plastic boards (2) are connected with SAN recycled plastic board seam devices (5) through a concave-convex seam structure.
3. The rapid environment-friendly pavement based on recycled plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interlayer bonding waterproof layer (4) is made of epoxy resin adhesive.
4. The rapid environmental protection pavement based on recycled plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interlayer stabilizing device (3) is made of cement concrete.
5. The rapid environmental-friendly pavement based on recycled plastics as claimed in claim 1, wherein among the first through holes on the SAN recycled plastic board (2), the first through hole at the connecting position of the SAN recycled plastic board (2) and the SAN recycled plastic board seam device (5) is 25cm apart from the adjacent first through holes, and the distance between the other adjacent first through holes is 2 m;
in each first through hole on the SAN regenerated plastic plate seaming device (5), the distance between the first through hole positioned at the connecting position of the SAN regenerated plastic plate (2) and the SAN regenerated plastic plate seaming device (5) and the adjacent first through hole is 25cm, and the distance between other adjacent first through holes is 4 m.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810494976.7A CN108642985B (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2018-05-22 | Rapid environment-friendly pavement based on recycled plastic |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810494976.7A CN108642985B (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2018-05-22 | Rapid environment-friendly pavement based on recycled plastic |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108642985A CN108642985A (en) | 2018-10-12 |
| CN108642985B true CN108642985B (en) | 2020-09-18 |
Family
ID=63757625
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810494976.7A Active CN108642985B (en) | 2018-05-22 | 2018-05-22 | Rapid environment-friendly pavement based on recycled plastic |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108642985B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110105784B (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2022-03-29 | 长安大学 | Recycled engineering plastic assembled pavement and paving method thereof |
| CN110438862B (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2024-03-15 | 长安大学 | Assembled plastic base asphalt pavement structure and construction process thereof |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2008126956A1 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-23 | Heung Sik Yu | Block having a load divergence function and manufacturing and road constructing method for the same |
| CN203625916U (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2014-06-04 | 西安科技大学 | Highway soft soil layer composite pile foundation |
| CN104179105A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-03 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Top-down rigid pile compound foundation construction method |
| CN206245155U (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-06-13 | 浙江长兴市政建设有限公司 | A kind of firm road structure of embankment |
| CN107620243A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-01-23 | 山东大学 | The permeable roadbed of plate pin-connected panel made using waste plastic |
| US10119228B2 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2018-11-06 | Jsp International Llc | Structural underlayment support system and panel for use with paving and flooring elements |
-
2018
- 2018-05-22 CN CN201810494976.7A patent/CN108642985B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10119228B2 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2018-11-06 | Jsp International Llc | Structural underlayment support system and panel for use with paving and flooring elements |
| WO2008126956A1 (en) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-23 | Heung Sik Yu | Block having a load divergence function and manufacturing and road constructing method for the same |
| CN203625916U (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2014-06-04 | 西安科技大学 | Highway soft soil layer composite pile foundation |
| CN104179105A (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2014-12-03 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Top-down rigid pile compound foundation construction method |
| CN206245155U (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-06-13 | 浙江长兴市政建设有限公司 | A kind of firm road structure of embankment |
| CN107620243A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-01-23 | 山东大学 | The permeable roadbed of plate pin-connected panel made using waste plastic |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN108642985A (en) | 2018-10-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103342520B (en) | A kind of polymer modification rubberized mortar for building screed-coat and constructional method thereof | |
| CN101973726B (en) | Porous pavement partially taking steel slag as coarse aggregate | |
| CN101918336A (en) | A mortar for concrete having polyurethane foam and method of thereof | |
| CN102219448A (en) | Environment-friendly renewable concrete with water permeability | |
| CN106587835B (en) | A kind of cold mixing formula Cement emulsified asphalt concrete and its method for paving | |
| CN101857399A (en) | Rubber reinforced cement functional composite material and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108642985B (en) | Rapid environment-friendly pavement based on recycled plastic | |
| CN107445652A (en) | A kind of foamed ceramics waste material pervious concrete and preparation method thereof | |
| CN111118999A (en) | Road structure of urban intersection, bus station and bus lane | |
| CN109160790B (en) | Pervious concrete and preparation method thereof | |
| CN107352868A (en) | A kind of cement concrete with water permeability and its construction method | |
| WO2006020724A2 (en) | Retentive concrete material | |
| CN112501976A (en) | Construction method of high-strength permeable concrete for non-motor vehicle lane | |
| CN205917559U (en) | Anti type road surface structure of splitting suitable for semi rigid base course | |
| CN111074717A (en) | Perennial frozen soil area airport runway structure and construction method thereof | |
| CN212000441U (en) | Novel road surface structure of urban heavy-load traffic | |
| TWM627596U (en) | Cold mix and cold paved asphalt mixture construction | |
| CN106747092A (en) | A kind of environment-friendly type low-density ceramsite mattess material | |
| CN103121830B (en) | Ecological floor tile and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN212425885U (en) | Recycled concrete permeable pavement brick | |
| CN105040915A (en) | Method for constructing novel inverted waterproof roof | |
| KR101068547B1 (en) | Construction Method Of Environmental Friendly Elastic Plate | |
| CN205063211U (en) | Dry tiling structure of ceramic tiles | |
| CN112030652A (en) | Preparation method of ecological water-permeable concrete pavement | |
| KR200488726Y1 (en) | Prefabricated architecture block using waste tire |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |