CN108642708B - 一种缓释非织造布的制备方法及缓释非织造布 - Google Patents
一种缓释非织造布的制备方法及缓释非织造布 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种缓释非织造布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：S1，将芯层木棉纤维置氢氧化钠预处理液中预处理，烘干，将芯层木棉纤维转入氢氧化钠溶液中分散，加热搓洗或高速搅拌，清洗烘干；S2，将上一步骤所得纤维置于功能制剂溶液中浸浴并干燥；S3，铺网，经针刺或水刺，得到缓释非织造布；氢氧化钠溶液中氢氧化钠的浓度为100~150g/L，氢氧化钠预处理液中还含有分散剂。本发明亲油性缓释无纺布以木棉纤维作为芯层材料，经处理后的木棉纤维发生垂直于纤维轴向的断裂，生成管状截断，处理后的木棉纤维具有更强的吸附能力。本发明还公开了一种缓释非织造布以及该非织造布作为功能非织造布基材的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于非织造布技术领域，具体涉及一种缓释非织造布的制备方法及缓释非织造布。
背景技术
水刺非织造布是将高压微细水流喷射到一层或多层纤维网上，使纤维相互缠结在一起，从而使纤网得以加固而具备一定强力，得到的织物即为水刺非织造布。其纤维原料来源广泛，可以是涤纶、锦纶、丙纶、粘胶纤维、甲壳素纤维、超细纤维、天丝、蚕丝、竹纤维、木浆纤维、海藻纤维等。与针刺非织造布相比，水刺非织造布的克重较小，适于用作美容耗材如面膜和医用敷料。
缓释技术是指在一个特定的体系内，采取一些措施来减小某种活性制剂的释放速度，从而在某段时间内，体系中的活性制剂可以维持有效浓度。功能性针织布或非针织布中功能性组分的负载主要依靠浸渍烘干获得，改进的技术方案为将功能性组分制备成微胶囊或者均相微珠，利用微胶囊包覆材料和微珠的溶蚀实现缓释，但是，上述的微胶囊包覆材料经过短时间的摩擦或者搓洗后容易流失，特别是油性负载物质，最终导致针织布或非针织布功能的快速丧失，例如防蚊虫的植物提取材料香茅油，香氛材料中的香精。进一步的，还可以将负载活性制剂掺杂于纺丝原料中纺丝，制备功能性纤维，但是上述方法目前仅针对特殊的制剂使用，对制剂的物理化学性质具有一定要求，而且成本较高。
如何延长缓释时间，是困扰本领域技术人员的技术问题之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于克服现有技术中存在的缺陷，提供一种缓释非织造布的制备方法，利用碱液处理结合机械搓洗或者搅拌，增加木棉纤维沿横向纤维的断裂或者不完全断口，毛细管作用使得木棉纤维吸附性增强，可作为功能制剂的载体，木棉纤维狭长的中腔能延长缓释时间。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：一种缓释非织造布的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1，将芯层木棉纤维置于70-80℃的6-8g/L的氢氧化钠预处理液中预处理100-120min，烘干，将芯层木棉纤维转入氢氧化钠溶液中分散，加热搓洗或高速搅拌，清洗烘干；
S2，将上一步骤所得纤维置于功能制剂溶液中浸浴并干燥；
S3，配置表层纤维和内层纤维，按照内层纤维、S2所得纤维和表层纤维的顺序铺网，经针刺或水刺，得到缓释非织造布；
所述氢氧化钠溶液中氢氧化钠的浓度为100~150g/L，氢氧化钠预处理液中还含有分散剂。
优选的技术方案为，S1和S2之间还包括冷冻步骤，将S1所得芯层木棉纤维带水置于低于-40℃的密封箱中冷冻，然后向密封箱中通入干燥空气并抽真空，得到干燥的芯层木棉纤维；
优选的技术方案为，S1和冷冻步骤之间还包括纤维混合步骤，纤维混合步骤为将亲水植物纤维与S1所得芯层木棉纤维混合，将亲水植物纤维与芯层木棉纤维置于密封箱中冷冻。
优选的技术方案为，亲水植物纤维与芯层木棉纤维的重量之比为1：（3~5）。
优选的技术方案为，表层纤维/或内层纤维中含有亲水纤维和亲油纤维。
优选的技术方案为，S1中氢氧化钠溶液处理加热温度为45~55℃，时长为60~120min。
优选的技术方案为，冷冻步骤中冷冻温度为-70~-60℃，冷冻处理时间为24~48h。
优选的技术方案为，所述分散剂为美国陶氏的TRITON®CF-1，氢氧化钠预处理液中分散剂的重量百分比为0.1~2%。
本发明的目的之二在于提供一种缓释非织造布，其特征在于，经由上述的缓释非织造布的制备方法制得。
本发明的目的之三在于提供缓释非织造布作为功能型非织造布基材的应用，功能型非织造布包括防蚊虫非织造布、抗菌非织造布、香氛非织造布。
本发明的优点和有益效果在于：
本发明亲油性缓释无纺布以木棉纤维作为芯层材料，经碱液处理后的木棉纤维发生垂直于纤维轴向的断裂，产生较多的纤维截断和不完全断口，由于中空纤维的毛细管作用，处理后的木棉纤维具有更强的吸附能力；同时由于无纺布纤维中的木棉纤维不受其他纱线的挤压，因此其中腔不易被压扁，负载于中腔中的功能制剂得以长时间保持。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于更加清楚地说明本发明的技术方案，而不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
表层纤维和内层纤维有亲水性纤维和亲油性纤维组合而成，以保证不同亲疏性功能制剂对芯层木棉纤维的浸浴。
碱液处理后的木棉纤维中含有一定的水分，水分冷冻结晶，将木棉纤维表面的不完全断口撑开，有助于增加冷冻处理后的木棉纤维截断数量。
实施例1
实施例1缓释非织造布的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1，将芯层木棉纤维置于70℃的8g/L的氢氧化钠预处理液中预处理100min，烘干，将芯层木棉纤维转入氢氧化钠溶液中分散，加热搓洗或高速搅拌，清洗烘干；
S2，将上一步骤所得纤维置于功能制剂溶液中浸浴并干燥；
S3，配置表层纤维和内层纤维，按照内层纤维、芯层木棉纤维和表层纤维的顺序铺网，经针刺或水刺，得到缓释非织造布；
氢氧化钠溶液中氢氧化钠的浓度为100g/L，氢氧化钠预处理液中还含有分散剂；分散剂采用脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，S1中氢氧化钠溶液处理加热温度为45℃，时长为60min。表层纤维和内层纤维的重量均为20g/m2，中间层纤维重量为10g/m2，表层纤维和内层纤维均采用棉纤维和涤纶纤维重量比1:1混合而成。
将香茅醇溶解于乙醇或者乙醚中，作为S2中的功能制剂溶液，功能制剂溶液中香茅油的浓度为10g/L。
实施例2
实施例2基于实施例1，区别在于，将芯层木棉纤维置于80℃的6g/L的氢氧化钠预处理液中预处理120min；氧化钠溶液中氢氧化钠的浓度为150g/L，氢氧化钠预处理液中还含有分散剂；分散剂采用脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚，S1中氢氧化钠溶液处理加热温度为55℃，时长为120min。
实施例3
实施例3基于实施例2，区别在于：S1和S2之间还包括冷冻步骤，将S1所得芯层木棉纤维带水置于低于-45℃的密封箱中冷冻12h，然后向密封箱中通入干燥空气并抽真空，得到干燥的芯层木棉纤维。
实施例4-5
实施例4-5与实施例3的区别在于：冷冻处理温度为-60℃、-70℃，冷冻时间分别为24、48h。
实施例6-7
实施例6-7基于实施例4，区别在于S1和冷冻步骤之间还包括纤维混合步骤，纤维混合步骤为将亲水植物纤维与S1所得芯层木棉纤维混合，将亲水植物纤维与芯层木棉纤维置于密封箱中冷冻。亲水植物纤维与芯层木棉纤维的重量之比为1:3、1:5。
实施例6
实施例6的表层纤维和内层纤维均为全棉纤维，即全部为亲水纤维。
实施例7-8
实施例7-8基于实施例5，区别在于，分散剂为美国陶氏的TRITON®CF-1，氢氧化钠预处理液中分散剂的重量百分比为0.1%、2%。
对比例
对比例1采用未经碱处理并机械搓洗或者搅拌的木棉纤维作为芯层纤维。
对比例2采用氢氧化钠预处理液预处理，但是氢氧化钠预处理液中未加入分散剂。
缓释性能对比：
将无纺布置于同样的通风条件下静置60d；
将实施例和对比例所得无纺布样品剪切5cm*5cm，超声条件下采用乙醚萃取香茅醇，气相色谱检测香茅醇在无纺布中初始含量和60d后的无纺布中香茅醇含量。
| 试样 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 |
| 初始含量（mg/m<sup>2</sup>） | 105.3 | 102.8 | 113.5 | 124.1 | 128.6 |
| 60d后含量（mg/m<sup>2</sup>） | 97.6 | 98.1 | 108.9 | 119.8 | 123.1 |
| 试样 | 实施例6 | 实施例7 | 实施例8 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 |
| 香茅醇含量（mg/m<sup>2</sup>） | 126.3 | 139.7 | 138.5 | 154.6 | 93.7 |
| 60d后含量（mg/m<sup>2</sup>） | 114.0 | 132.9 | 133.2 | 78.4 | 65.7 |
由于木棉纤维的吸油性，因此对比例1中香茅醇初始含量较高，但是由于香茅醇粘附于纤维表面，初始的释放量大，持续有效防蚊时间短。
对比例2中氢氧化钠预处理液中不含分散剂，木棉纤维与氢氧化钠预处理液的相容性以及在氢氧化钠预处理液中的分散性均较差，影响处理过程中对于纤维的摩擦和撞击，纤维的横向断裂较少，与实施例1相似，功能制剂多粘附于纤维表面，初始的释放量大。
实施例7-8采用低泡的分散剂，氢氧化钠溶液处理后木棉纤维漂洗方便，减少碱性废水的产生，泡沫还会减弱纤维受到的水流冲击力以及纤维之间的摩擦力，即泡沫的存在不利于木棉纤维管状截断的生成。
实施例6中表层纤维和内层纤维均为棉纤维，对油性分子的吸附能力低，与其他实施例相比，60天后香茅醇含量下降幅度较大。
氢氧化钠溶液处理的过程也可以在打浆机中完成。氢氧化钠溶液处理时间过长，会导致木棉纤维管状截断的平均长度缩短，不利于缓释的进行。
上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种缓释非织造布的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1，将芯层木棉纤维置于70-80℃的6-8g/L的氢氧化钠预处理液中预处理100-120min，烘干，将芯层木棉纤维转入氢氧化钠溶液中分散，加热搓洗或高速搅拌，清洗烘干；
S2，将上一步骤所得纤维置于功能制剂溶液中浸浴并干燥；
S3，配置表层纤维和内层纤维，按照内层纤维、S2所得纤维和表层纤维的顺序铺网，经针刺或水刺，得到缓释非织造布；
所述氢氧化钠溶液中氢氧化钠的浓度为100~150g/L，氢氧化钠预处理液中还含有分散剂；
S1和S2之间还包括冷冻步骤，将S1所得芯层木棉纤维带水置于低于-40℃的密封箱中冷冻，然后向密封箱中通入干燥空气并抽真空，得到干燥的芯层木棉纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的缓释非织造布的制备方法，其特征在于，S1和冷冻步骤之间还包括纤维混合步骤，纤维混合步骤为将亲水植物纤维与S1所得芯层木棉纤维混合，将亲水植物纤维与芯层木棉纤维置于密封箱中冷冻。
3.根据权利要求2所述的缓释非织造布的制备方法，其特征在于，亲水植物纤维与芯层木棉纤维的重量之比为1：（3~5）。
4.根据权利要求1所述的缓释非织造布的制备方法，其特征在于，表层纤维/或内层纤维中含有亲水纤维和亲油纤维。
5.根据权利要求1所述的缓释非织造布的制备方法，其特征在于，S1中氢氧化钠溶液处理加热温度为45~55℃，时长为60~120min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的缓释非织造布的制备方法，其特征在于，冷冻步骤中冷冻温度为-70~-60℃，冷冻处理时间为24~48h。
7.根据权利要求1所述的缓释非织造布的制备方法，其特征在于，所述分散剂为美国陶氏的TRITON®CF-1，氢氧化钠预处理液中分散剂的重量百分比为0.1~2%。
8.一种缓释非织造布，其特征在于，经由权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的缓释非织造布的制备方法制得。
9.权利要求8所述的缓释非织造布作为功能型非织造布基材的应用，功能型非织造布包括防蚊虫非织造布、抗菌非织造布、香氛非织造布。
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