CN108641753B - System and method for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in vertical furnace - Google Patents
System and method for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in vertical furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN108641753B CN108641753B CN201810305952.2A CN201810305952A CN108641753B CN 108641753 B CN108641753 B CN 108641753B CN 201810305952 A CN201810305952 A CN 201810305952A CN 108641753 B CN108641753 B CN 108641753B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
- C10B47/18—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with moving charge
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/04—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of powdered coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
- C10B57/10—Drying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
- C10J2300/0909—Drying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
- C10J2300/0936—Coal fines for producing producer gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1207—Heating the gasifier using pyrolysis gas as fuel
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal chemical industry, and relates to a system and a method for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in a vertical furnace, wherein the system comprises a drying system, a pyrolyzing furnace system and a cold drum system; the drying system is communicated with the pyrolysis furnace system; the pyrolysis furnace system is respectively communicated with the cold drum system and the drying system. The invention provides a system and a method for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in a vertical furnace, which have the advantages of strong raw material adaptability, high gas heat value, less impurities in coal tar, good semicoke quality and low operation cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal chemical industry, relates to a system and a method for preparing coal tar gas, and particularly relates to a system and a method for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in a vertical furnace.
Background
The pyrolysis of the low-rank coal is a key step for the quality-divided and graded utilization of the coal, the low-rank coal can be utilized in a gradient and quality-divided manner through pyrolysis, the added value of products is improved, and meanwhile, the coal is cleaner.
The low-rank coal pyrolysis mode is various, and according to the form, there are vertical furnace pyrolysis technology, rotary kiln pyrolysis technology, fluidized bed pyrolysis technology and entrained flow bed pyrolysis technology. The method comprises a direct heating pyrolysis process and an indirect heating pyrolysis process according to a heating mode, wherein a gas heat carrier, a solid heat carrier and a gas-solid heat carrier are directly heated; indirect heating is done by refractory masonry and by high temperature alloys. However, in any process, the adaptability of raw materials, the quality of products, the yield of products, the running cost of devices, the investment of devices, the comprehensive energy consumption of devices and the like are important indexes for measuring the advancement and the feasibility of the process. The gas heat carrier vertical furnace for the direct heating pyrolysis process has the advantages that the investment is low, the energy consumption is low, the product can meet the requirements of subsequent related industries, the market share is wide, the requirement on raw materials is high, lump coal is used, the tar yield is low, the coal gas quality is poor, and the pollution is serious; the directly heated entrained flow bed and fluidized bed have high thermal efficiency, high oil yield, good coal gas quality and better controllability, but have large investment, poor raw material adaptability and high energy consumption, and particularly the problem of dust removal of high-temperature raw gas is not solved so far, so that the air-flow bed and fluidized bed can not be widely applied so far. The quality of the gas of the rotary kiln is good, the yield of tar is moderate, but the investment is huge because the whole kiln adopts heat-resistant steel, and the problem of dust removal of raw coke oven gas is still not solved. The external heating type vertical furnace derived from high-temperature coking is used for coal pyrolysis, the adaptability of raw materials is strong, the quality of a gas semi-coke product is good, the tar yield is moderate, the operating cost is low, the problem of dust removal of high-temperature raw coke gas is well solved, but the problems of huge investment, expansion cracks of refractory materials and the like cannot be well solved due to the adoption of a large amount of refractory materials, and the thermal efficiency is to be further improved.
The vertical furnace carbonization chamber for low-rank coal dry distillation, which is the representative of an external heating vertical furnace, of which the application number is 201410153775.2 of medium-smelting coke engineering technology-resistant Limited company adopts a combustion chamber and a pyrolysis chamber (carbonization chamber) to be arranged at intervals, and a heat storage and heat exchange chamber is arranged beside the combustion chamber and is formed by building high-quality refractory bricks.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides a system and a method for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in a vertical furnace, which have the advantages of strong raw material adaptability, high coal gas heat value, less impurities in coal tar, good semi-coke quality and low operation cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a system for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in a vertical furnace is characterized in that: the system for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing the low-rank coal in the vertical furnace comprises a drying system, a pyrolyzing furnace system and a cold drum system; the drying system is communicated with the pyrolysis furnace system; and the pyrolysis furnace system is respectively communicated with the cold drum system and the drying system.
The drying system comprises a raw material coal bin, a raw material coal dryer, a dry coal buffer bin, a cyclone dust collector, a bag-type dust collector and a fan; the raw material coal bin is communicated with the dry coal buffer bin through a raw material coal dryer; the raw material coal dryer is communicated with the fan through a cyclone dust collector and a bag-type dust collector; the dry coal buffer bin is communicated with the pyrolysis furnace system; high-temperature flue gas and high-temperature air discharged by the pyrolysis furnace system are respectively connected to a raw material coal dryer; raw material pulverized coal enters a raw material coal dryer through a raw material coal bin, is dried and then enters a dry coal buffer bin; and the dried flue gas is discharged after passing through the cyclone dust collector, the bag-type dust collector and the fan in sequence.
The raw material coal dryer comprises a dryer box body, a raw material coal feeding hole, a dry coal discharging hole, a direct heat exchange device, an indirect heat exchange device and a coal feeding channel; the raw material coal feeding hole and the dry coal discharging hole are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the dryer box body; a coal feeding channel, a direct heat exchange device arranged in the coal feeding channel and indirect heat exchange devices arranged on two sides of the coal feeding channel are arranged in the dryer box body; the feed inlet of the raw coal is communicated with the discharge outlet of the dry coal through the coal feeding channel; the raw material coal bin is communicated with the raw material coal feeding hole; the dry coal discharge port is communicated with the dry coal buffer bin; the high-temperature flue gas discharged by the pyrolysis furnace system is directly connected to the direct heat exchange device; the high-temperature air generated by the pyrolysis furnace system is directly connected into the indirect heat exchange device; the direct heat exchange device is communicated with the fan through a cyclone dust collector and a bag-type dust collector; the flue gas generated after direct drying sequentially passes through the cyclone dust collector, the bag-type dust collector and the fan, is mixed with the air subjected to indirect heat exchange, and is discharged.
The indirect heat exchange device comprises a gas distribution pipe and a gas collection pipe which are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top of the dryer box body; the gas distribution pipe and the gas collection pipe are both in a horizontal state; the port of the gas distribution pipe is provided with a dry air inlet; a dry air outlet is formed in the port of the gas collecting pipe; the heat exchange tube nest is arranged between the gas distribution tube and the gas collection tube and is respectively communicated with the gas distribution tube and the gas collection tube; spiral flow deflectors are arranged in the heat exchange tubes; the dry air inlet is communicated with the dry air outlet sequentially through the gas distribution pipe, the heat exchange tube array, the gas collecting pipe and the dry air outlet; the heat exchange tube arrays are a plurality of transverse tube array rows which are transversely arranged; the upper ends of the tubes in each row on the transverse row of tubes are inserted into the gas collecting tube, and the lower ends of the transverse row of tubes are inserted into the gas distributing tube; the length of the transverse nematic tube row is 1500 mm-3000 mm; two adjacent heat exchange tubes of the transverse heat exchange tube array are welded and connected through an arc-shaped connecting sheet; the two ends of the transverse alignment tube bank are welded with plates and are inserted into the refractory material for fixation; the coal feeding channel is arranged between two adjacent transverse heat exchange tube arrays; the transverse heat exchange tube arrays are arranged in two or more rows in the longitudinal direction, or the transverse tube arrays are arranged in parallel in one or more rows in the transverse direction; high-temperature air generated by the pyrolysis furnace system is directly connected to a dry air inlet; the working width of the coal feeding channel is 200-450 mm.
The direct heat exchange device comprises a dry flue gas outlet and a dry flue gas inlet which are arranged on the side wall of the dryer box body, and an angular gas distribution pipe and an angular gas collecting pipe which are arranged in the dryer box body; the dry flue gas inlet is communicated with the coal feeding channel through an angular gas distribution pipe; the coal feeding channel is communicated with the dry flue gas outlet through an angular gas collecting pipe; the dry flue gas outlet is communicated with the fan through a cyclone dust collector and a bag-type dust collector; high-temperature flue gas discharged by the pyrolysis furnace system is directly connected to a dry flue gas inlet; the horn-shaped gas collecting pipe and the horn-shaped gas distributing pipe are one or more layers; when the horn-shaped gas collecting pipe and the horn-shaped gas distributing pipe are in multiple layers, the horn-shaped gas collecting pipe and the horn-shaped gas distributing pipe are arranged on the coal discharging channel in a staggered mode; the distance between the angular gas collecting pipe and the angular gas distributing pipe is 500 mm-1000 mm. Similarly, each coal discharging channel is provided with an angular gas collecting pipe and an angular gas distributing pipe.
The pyrolysis furnace system comprises an external heating type pyrolysis furnace, a smoke gas generator and an air blower; the dry coal buffer bin is communicated with the external heating type pyrolysis furnace; the flue gas generator and the air blower are respectively connected into an external heating type pyrolysis furnace; the external heating type pyrolysis furnace is communicated with the cold drum system; raw material pulverized coal entering the external heating type pyrolysis furnace through the dry coal buffer bin is pyrolyzed to generate high-temperature flue gas, raw coke oven gas and high-temperature semicoke; raw gas generated by pyrolysis is directly injected into a cold drum system to form gas and tar ammonia water; injecting air into the external heating type pyrolysis furnace after passing through an air blower to generate high-temperature air; injecting the high-temperature air and part of coal gas generated by the cold drum system into the flue gas generating furnace together for combustion and generating high-temperature flue gas; injecting high-temperature flue gas into an external heating type pyrolysis furnace to participate in the pyrolysis process and finally injecting the high-temperature flue gas into a drying system; and discharging high-temperature semicoke generated by pyrolysis from the bottom of the external heating type pyrolysis furnace. The external heating type pyrolysis furnace comprises a pyrolysis furnace box body; the pyrolysis furnace box body is sequentially divided into a pyrolysis section, a waste heat recovery section and a cooling section from top to bottom; an insulating layer and a wear-resistant castable layer are sequentially arranged inside the pyrolysis furnace box body from outside to inside; the heat-insulating layer is a heat-insulating castable layer or a refractory brick; the top of the pyrolysis section is provided with a dry coal feeding hole and a gas collecting pipe; the end part of the gas collecting pipe is provided with a smoke guide outlet communicated with the top gas collecting pipe; a raw gas outlet, a pyrolysis flue gas inlet, a preheated air outlet, a cooling air inlet and a cooling air outlet are formed in the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace box body; a bottom discharge outlet is formed at the bottom of the cooling section; a first gas distribution pipe, a pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array, a first gas collection pipe, a waste heat recovery section heat exchange tube array, a second gas distribution pipe, a second gas collection pipe, a cooling section heat exchange tube array, a third gas distribution pipe and a pyrolysis furnace coal feeding channel which sequentially penetrates through the pyrolysis section, the waste heat recovery section and the cooling section from top to bottom are arranged in the pyrolysis furnace box body; the pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array, the waste heat recovery section heat exchange tube array and the cooling section heat exchange tube array are arranged on two sides of a coal feeding channel in the pyrolysis furnace from top to bottom in a surrounding manner; the air blower is communicated with the cooling air inlet and conveys cooling air to the cooling air inlet; cooling air sequentially passes through a cooling air inlet, a third gas distribution pipe, a cooling section heat exchange tube array, a second gas collecting pipe and a cooling air outlet to form high-temperature air; the cooling air outlet is communicated with the drying system; the air blower is communicated with the preheated air inlet and conveys cooling air to the preheated air inlet; the cooling air sequentially passes through the preheated air inlet, the second gas distribution pipe, the waste heat recovery section heat exchange tube array, the first gas collecting pipe and the preheated air outlet to form high-temperature air; the preheated air outlet is connected to a flue gas generating furnace; the flue gas generating furnace generates high-temperature flue gas; the flue gas generating furnace is communicated with the pyrolysis flue gas inlet; the high-temperature flue gas generated by the flue gas generating furnace sequentially passes through a pyrolysis flue gas inlet, a first gas distribution pipe, a pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array, a top gas collecting pipe and a flue gas guide outlet; the smoke gas outlet is communicated with a drying system; the raw material pulverized coal passing through the dry coal buffer bin enters a coal feeding channel in the pyrolysis furnace through a dry coal feeding hole; raw material pulverized coal passes through a coal feeding channel in the pyrolysis furnace and simultaneously and respectively exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas passing through the interior of a pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array, cooling air passing through the interior of a waste heat recovery section heat exchange tube array and cooling air passing through the interior of a cooling section heat exchange tube array; raw material pulverized coal and high-temperature flue gas passing through the interior of the pyrolysis section heat exchange tube are subjected to heat exchange and pyrolysis to generate raw coke oven gas, the raw coke oven gas is led out through a raw coke oven gas leading-out port, and the raw coke oven gas leading-out port is connected to a cold drum system; semicoke produced by pyrolysis enters the waste heat recovery section, exchanges heat with cooling air passing through the inside of the heat exchange tube array of the waste heat recovery section and exchanges heat with cooling air passing through the inside of the heat exchange tube array of the cooling section, and then is discharged from the discharge port at the bottom.
A raw gas collecting pipe is arranged on the pyrolysis furnace box body; a gas leading-out hole is formed in the raw gas collecting pipe; raw material pulverized coal and raw coke oven gas generated by heat exchange pyrolysis of high-temperature flue gas passing through the interior of the pyrolysis section heat exchange tube are communicated with the raw coke oven gas guide outlet through the gas guide outlet and the raw coke oven gas collecting pipe in sequence; and an ammonia water inlet is formed in the top of the raw gas collecting pipe. The raw gas collecting pipe is arranged at two ends of each coal discharging channel, which are close to the box body.
Spiral guide vanes are arranged inside the pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array, the waste heat recovery section heat exchange tube array and the cooling section heat exchange tube array; the pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array is a transverse tube array formed by transversely arranging a plurality of heat exchange tubes; the upper ends of the heat exchange tubes on the transverse tube array are inserted into the gas collecting tube, and the lower ends of the heat exchange tubes are inserted into the gas distributing tube; the length of the transverse nematic tube row is 1500 mm-3000 mm; two adjacent heat exchange tube arrays of the transverse heat exchange tube array are connected through an arc-shaped connecting sheet, and the coal feeding channel is arranged between the two adjacent transverse heat exchange tube arrays; the transverse heat exchange tube arrays are arranged in two or more rows in the longitudinal direction or in one or more rows in parallel in the transverse direction, and two adjacent transverse heat exchange tube arrays share the heat preservation layer and the raw gas collecting tubes; the working width of a coal feeding channel in the pyrolysis section is 250-450 mm; the waste heat recovery section heat exchange tube array and the cooling section heat exchange tube array respectively comprise a plurality of heat exchange tubes, and the plurality of heat exchange tubes are transversely arranged to form a transverse tube array; longitudinal tube rows are also arranged at the two ends of the transverse tube row and in the middle of the transverse tube row in the longitudinal direction, and the distance between two adjacent rows of heat exchange tubes of the longitudinal tube rows is 200-300 mm; the upper ends of the tubes in each row on the longitudinal row of tubes are inserted into the gas collecting tube, and the lower ends of the tubes are inserted into the gas distributing tube; the length of the transverse nematic tube row is 1500 mm-3000 mm; the transverse heat exchange tube array is provided with two or more rows in the longitudinal direction or one or more rows in parallel arrangement in the transverse direction, and two adjacent rows share the heat preservation layer and the raw coke oven gas collecting tube; the waste heat recovery section and the coal feeding channel of the cooling section are arranged between two adjacent tube arrays; the working width of a coal feeding channel in the waste heat recovery section or the cooling section is 150-300 mm; and the heat exchange tube arrays of the waste heat recovery section and the adjacent two heat exchange tube arrays in the same row or the same row of the heat exchange tube arrays of the cooling section are respectively connected through connecting sheets.
The cold drum system comprises a gas-liquid separator and a gas blower; the gas, tar and ammonia water mixture led out from the raw gas outlet enters a gas-liquid separator to separate ammonia water tar and gas; discharging tar and ammonia water obtained by separation from the bottom of the gas-liquid separator; and discharging the separated dry coal gas from the top of the gas-liquid separator and recycling the dry coal gas by a coal gas blower.
The method for preparing the coal tar gas by pyrolyzing the low-rank coal based on the system for preparing the coal tar gas by pyrolyzing the low-rank coal in the vertical furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
1) feeding 0-30 mm of raw material pulverized coal from a raw material coal bin 1 into a raw material coal dryer, directly exchanging heat with 300-350 ℃ high-temperature flue gas from a pyrolysis furnace, and indirectly exchanging heat with 300-380 ℃ high-temperature air from a cooling section of the pyrolysis furnace; the raw material pulverized coal flows out from a dry coal discharge port at the bottom of the raw material coal dryer from top to bottom by gravity; the flue gas after heat exchange is dedusted by a cyclone deduster, purified by a bag deduster and then emptied; the air after heat exchange is directly mixed with the purified flue gas and then is emptied; storing the dried coal at 130-200 ℃ in a dry coal buffer bin after drying; an outlet at the bottom of the dry coal buffer bin is connected with a pulverized coal feed inlet of the external heating type pyrolysis furnace;
2) air with the temperature of 450-550 ℃ after heat exchange with high-temperature semicoke from the waste heat recovery section enters a burner through an air inlet of a burner of a flue gas generating furnace, part of coal gas after washing with water from the pyrolysis section enters the burner of the flue gas generating furnace to be combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas with the temperature of 600-750 ℃, the high-temperature flue gas enters a first gas distribution pipe through a pyrolysis flue gas inlet, then enters a pyrolysis section heat exchange array pipe, exchanges heat with dry coal, and then is discharged through a flue gas outlet; the discharged high-temperature flue gas is further sent to a dryer for raw coal drying; raw gas generated after pyrolysis of dry coal enters a raw gas collecting pipe through a gas leading-out hole to be collected, is sprayed, washed and cooled by ammonia water from the top of the gas collecting pipe, is led out from a raw gas leading-out hole and enters a cooling drum system; a part of air from an air blower enters a waste heat recovery section through a preheated air inlet, exchanges heat with high-temperature semicoke obtained from a pyrolysis section, and enters a flue gas generator for combustion supporting after the heat exchanged high-temperature air of 450-550 ℃; the other part of the waste heat recovery air enters a cooling section through a cooling air inlet, further exchanges heat with high-temperature semicoke obtained in a waste heat recovery section, and high-temperature air at 300-380 ℃ after heat exchange enters a drying section; and discharging the cooled semicoke from a discharge port at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace.
The specific implementation manner of the direct heat exchange in the step 1) is as follows: high-temperature flue gas at 300-350 ℃ from a pyrolysis furnace enters an angular gas distribution pipe through a dry flue gas inlet, then passes through a raw material powder coal bed from bottom to top, directly exchanges heat with raw material powder coal, then enters an angular gas collecting pipe together with water vapor separated out from the raw coal to obtain flue gas at 100-150 ℃, and is discharged through a dry flue gas outlet;
the specific implementation mode of the indirect heat exchange is as follows: high-temperature air at 300-380 ℃ from a cooling section of the pyrolysis furnace enters a gas distribution pipe through a dry air inlet and then indirectly exchanges heat with pulverized coal through each row of pipes, and 150-180 ℃ air obtained after heat exchange is discharged from a gas collecting pipe at the top and a dry air outlet.
The invention has the advantages that:
the invention provides a system and a method for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in a vertical furnace, wherein the system for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing the low-rank coal in the vertical furnace comprises a drying system, a pyrolyzing furnace system and a cold drum system; the drying system is communicated with the pyrolysis furnace system; the pyrolysis furnace system is respectively communicated with the cold drum system and the drying system; raw material pulverized coal enters a pyrolysis furnace system for pyrolysis after being dried by a drying system, the heat-resistant alloy is used as a heat radiation pipe and is connected into a row by waves, and then the heat radiation pipe is horizontally arranged at intervals, so that the heat transfer efficiency is high, the condition that the wall effect causes raw gas to be guided out and cracked along a high-temperature wall is avoided, the raw gas quickly passes through a coal bed to be directly injected and cooled, the secondary cracking of the raw gas is avoided, the yield of tar is reduced, meanwhile, gas for cooling semicoke is used as a drying medium, the heat efficiency is greatly improved, the whole device greatly reduces the investment, the heat efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the expansion crack gas leakage of a furnace body caused by thermal stress is avoided, and the device is convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a low rank pulverized coal pyrolysis system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a raw coal dryer employed in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a view from A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a view from the B-B direction of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an external thermal pyrolysis furnace used in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a view from the C-C of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a view from D-D of FIG. 5;
wherein:
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a system for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in a vertical furnace, wherein the system for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in a vertical furnace comprises a drying system, a pyrolysis furnace system and a cold drum system; the drying system is communicated with the pyrolysis furnace system; the pyrolysis furnace system is respectively communicated with the cold drum system and the drying system.
The drying system comprises a raw material coal bin 1, a raw material coal dryer 2, a dry coal buffer bin 3, a cyclone dust collector 5, a bag-type dust collector 6 and a fan 7; the raw material coal bin 1 is communicated with the dry coal buffer bin 3 through a raw material coal dryer 2; the raw material coal dryer 2 is communicated with a fan 7 through a cyclone dust collector 5 and a bag-type dust collector 6; the dry coal buffer bin 3 is communicated with a pyrolysis furnace system; high-temperature flue gas and high-temperature air exhausted by the pyrolysis furnace system are respectively connected into a raw material coal dryer 2; raw material pulverized coal enters a raw material coal dryer 2 through a raw material coal bin 1, is dried and then enters a dry coal buffer bin 3; the dried flue gas passes through the cyclone dust collector 5, the bag-type dust collector 6 and the fan 7 in sequence and is discharged.
Referring to fig. 2, 3 and 4, the raw coal dryer 2 adopted by the present invention includes a dryer case 21, a raw coal inlet 2a, a dry coal outlet 2f, a direct heat exchange device, an indirect heat exchange device and a coal discharge passage 28; the raw material coal inlet 2a and the dry coal outlet 2f are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the dryer box body 21; a coal discharging channel 28, a direct heat exchange device arranged in the coal discharging channel 28 and indirect heat exchange devices arranged at two sides of the coal discharging channel are arranged in the dryer box body 21; the feed coal inlet 2a is communicated with the dry coal outlet 2f through a coal feeding channel 28; the raw material coal bin 1 is communicated with a raw material coal feeding hole 2 a; the dry coal discharge port 2f is communicated with the dry coal buffer bin 3; high-temperature flue gas discharged by the pyrolysis furnace system is directly connected to the direct heat exchange device; high-temperature air generated by the pyrolysis furnace system is directly connected into the indirect heat exchange device; the direct heat exchange device is communicated with a fan 7 through a cyclone dust collector 5 and a bag-type dust collector 6.
The indirect heat exchange device comprises a gas distribution pipe 25 and a gas collection pipe 29 which are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top of the dryer box body 21; the gas distribution pipe 25 and the gas collection pipe 29 are both in a horizontal state; the port of the gas distribution pipe 25 is provided with a dry air inlet 2 e; the port of the gas collecting pipe 29 is provided with a dry air outlet 2 b; the heat exchange tube array 22 is arranged between the gas distribution tube 25 and the gas collection tube 29 and is respectively communicated with the gas distribution tube 25 and the gas collection tube 29; a spiral flow deflector 27 is arranged in the heat exchange tube array 22; the dry air inlet 2e is communicated with the dry air outlet 2b sequentially through the gas distribution pipe 25, the heat exchange tube array 22, the gas collection pipe 29 and the dry air outlet; the heat exchange tubes 22 are a plurality of transverse tube arrays which are transversely arranged; the upper ends of the tubes in each row on the transverse row tube rows are inserted into the gas collecting tubes, and the lower ends of the transverse row tube rows are inserted into the gas distributing tubes; the length of the transverse nematic tube row is 1500 mm-3000 mm; two adjacent heat exchange tubes of the transverse heat exchange tube array are welded and connected through an arc-shaped connecting sheet 26; welding plates at two ends of the transverse alignment tube bank and inserting the plates into the refractory materials for fixing; the coal feeding channel is arranged between two adjacent transverse heat exchange tube arrays; the transverse heat exchange tube arrays are arranged in two or more rows in the longitudinal direction, or the transverse tube arrays are arranged in parallel in one or more rows in the transverse direction; high-temperature air generated by the pyrolysis furnace system is directly connected to the dry air inlet 2 e; the working width of the coal feeding channel 28 is 200-450 mm.
The direct heat exchange device comprises a dry flue gas outlet 2c and a dry flue gas inlet 2d which are arranged on the side wall of the dryer box body 21, and an angular gas distribution pipe 24 and an angular gas collecting pipe 23 which are arranged inside the dryer box body 21; the dry flue gas inlet 2d is communicated with the coal feeding channel 28 through the horn-shaped gas distribution pipe 24; the coal feeding channel 28 is communicated with the dry flue gas outlet 2c through the horn-shaped gas collecting pipe 23; the dry flue gas outlet 2c is communicated with a fan 7 through a cyclone dust collector 5 and a bag-type dust collector 6; high-temperature flue gas discharged by the pyrolysis furnace system is directly connected to a dry flue gas inlet 2 d; the angular gas collecting pipe 23 and the angular gas distributing pipe 24 are one or more layers; when the horn-shaped gas collecting pipe and the horn-shaped gas distributing pipe are both multilayer, the horn-shaped gas collecting pipe and the horn-shaped gas distributing pipe are arranged on the coal discharging channel in a staggered mode; the distance between the angular gas collecting pipe and the angular gas distributing pipe is 500 mm-1000 mm.
The pyrolysis furnace system comprises an external heating type pyrolysis furnace 4, a smoke gas generator 11 and an air blower 12; the dry coal buffer bin 3 is communicated with the external heating type pyrolysis furnace 4; the flue gas producer 11 and the air blower 12 are respectively connected to the external heating type pyrolysis furnace 4; the external heating type pyrolysis furnace 4 is communicated with a cold drum system; the raw material pulverized coal entering the external heating type pyrolysis furnace 4 through the dry coal buffer bin 3 is pyrolyzed by the raw material pulverized coal entering the external heating type pyrolysis furnace through the dry coal buffer bin to generate high-temperature flue gas, raw coke oven gas and high-temperature semicoke; raw gas generated by pyrolysis is directly injected into a cold drum system to form gas and tar ammonia water; injecting air into the external heating type pyrolysis furnace after passing through an air blower to generate high-temperature air; injecting the high-temperature air and part of coal gas generated by the cold drum system into the flue gas generating furnace together for combustion and generating high-temperature flue gas; injecting high-temperature flue gas into an external heating type pyrolysis furnace to participate in the pyrolysis process and finally injecting the high-temperature flue gas into a drying system; and discharging high-temperature semicoke generated by pyrolysis from the bottom of the external heating type pyrolysis furnace. Referring to fig. 5, 6 and 7, the external heating type pyrolysis furnace 4 employed in the present invention includes a pyrolysis furnace case 41; the pyrolysis furnace box body 41 is sequentially divided into a pyrolysis section 417, a waste heat recovery section 415 and a cooling section 416 from top to bottom; an insulating layer and a wear-resistant castable layer 43 are sequentially arranged inside the pyrolysis furnace box body 41 from outside to inside; the heat-insulating layer is a heat-insulating castable layer 42 or refractory bricks; the top of the pyrolysis section 417 is provided with a dry coal feed port 4a and a gas collection pipe 418; the end part of the gas collecting pipe 418 is provided with a smoke outlet 4b communicated with the top gas collecting pipe 418; a raw gas outlet 4c, a pyrolysis flue gas inlet 4d, a preheated air inlet 4f, a preheated air outlet 4e, a cooling air inlet 4h and a cooling air outlet 4g are arranged on the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace box body 41; the bottom of the cooling section 416 is provided with a bottom discharge outlet 4 i; a first gas distribution pipe 45, a pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array 44, a first gas collection pipe 46, a waste heat recovery section heat exchange tube array 47, a second gas distribution pipe 48, a second gas collection pipe 49, a cooling section heat exchange tube array 410, a third gas distribution pipe 411 and a coal feeding channel in the pyrolysis furnace, which sequentially penetrates through the pyrolysis section 417, the waste heat recovery section 415 and the cooling section 416 from top to bottom, are arranged in the box body 41 of the pyrolysis furnace; the pyrolysis section heat exchange tubes 44, the waste heat recovery section heat exchange tubes 47 and the cooling section heat exchange tubes 410 are arranged on two sides of a coal feeding channel in the pyrolysis furnace from top to bottom in a surrounding manner; the air blower 12 is communicated with the cooling air inlet 4h and delivers cooling air to the cooling air inlet 4 h; the cooling air sequentially passes through a cooling air inlet 4h, a third gas distribution pipe 411, a cooling section heat exchange tube array 410, a second gas collection pipe 49 and a cooling air outlet 4g to form high-temperature air; the cooling air outlet 4g is communicated with a drying system; the air blower 12 is communicated with the preheated air inlet 4f and delivers cooling air to the preheated air inlet 4 f; the cooling air forms high-temperature air after passing through the preheated air inlet 4f, the second gas distribution pipe 48, the waste heat recovery section heat exchange tube array 47, the first gas collection pipe 46 and the preheated air outlet 4e in sequence; the preheated air outlet 4e is connected to the flue gas generating furnace 11; the flue gas producer 11 produces high-temperature flue gas; the flue gas generating furnace 11 is communicated with the pyrolysis flue gas inlet 4 d; the high-temperature flue gas generated by the flue gas generating furnace 11 sequentially passes through a pyrolysis flue gas inlet 4d, a first gas distribution pipe 45, a pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array 44, a top gas collecting pipe 418 and a flue gas outlet 4 b; the flue gas outlet 4b is communicated with a drying system; the raw material pulverized coal passing through the dry coal buffer bin 3 enters a coal feeding channel in the pyrolysis furnace through a dry coal feeding hole 4 a; raw material pulverized coal passes through a coal feeding channel in the pyrolysis furnace and simultaneously and respectively exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas passing through the interior of the pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array 44, cooling air passing through the interior of the waste heat recovery section heat exchange tube array 47 and cooling air passing through the interior of the cooling section heat exchange tube array 410; raw material pulverized coal and raw coke oven gas generated by heat exchange of high-temperature flue gas passing through the interior of the pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array 44 are led out through a raw coke oven gas lead-out port 4c, and the raw coke oven gas lead-out port 4c is connected into a cold drum system; semicoke generated by pyrolysis enters the waste heat recovery section, exchanges heat with cooling air passing through the inside of the heat exchange tube array 47 of the waste heat recovery section and exchanges heat with cooling air passing through the inside of the heat exchange tube array 410 of the cooling section, and then is discharged from the bottom discharge port 4 i.
A raw gas collecting pipe 412 is arranged on the pyrolysis furnace box body 41; a gas leading-out hole 419 is formed in the raw gas collecting pipe 412; raw material pulverized coal and raw coke oven gas generated by heat exchange pyrolysis of high-temperature flue gas passing through the interior of the pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array 44 are communicated with the raw coke oven gas guide outlet 4c through the gas guide outlet 419 and the raw coke oven gas collecting pipe 412 in sequence; an ammonia water inlet is arranged at the top of the raw gas collecting pipe 412.
The cold drum system comprises a gas-liquid separator 9 and a gas blower 10; the gas, tar and ammonia water mixture led out from the raw gas outlet 4c enters a gas-liquid separator 9 to separate ammonia water tar and gas; the tar and the ammonia water obtained by separation are discharged from the bottom of the gas-liquid separator 9; the separated dry gas is discharged from the top of the gas-liquid separator 9 and recycled by a gas blower 10.
A method for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal based on the system for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in a vertical furnace comprises the following steps:
1) feeding 0-30 mm of raw material pulverized coal from a raw material coal bunker 1 into a raw material coal dryer 2, directly exchanging heat with 300-350 ℃ high-temperature flue gas from a pyrolysis furnace, and indirectly exchanging heat with 300-380 ℃ high-temperature air from a cooling section 416 of the pyrolysis furnace; the raw material pulverized coal flows out from a dry coal discharge port 2f at the bottom of the raw material coal dryer 2 from top to bottom by gravity; the flue gas after heat exchange is dedusted by a cyclone deduster 5, purified by a bag deduster 6 and then emptied; the air after heat exchange is directly mixed with the purified flue gas and then is emptied; storing the dried coal at 130-200 ℃ in a dry coal buffer bin 3 after drying; an outlet at the bottom of the dry coal buffer bin 3 is connected with a pulverized coal feeding hole of the external heating type pyrolysis furnace 4;
the specific implementation mode of the direct heat exchange is as follows: high-temperature flue gas at 300-350 ℃ from a pyrolysis furnace enters the horn-shaped gas distribution pipe 24 through the dry flue gas inlet 2d, then passes through the raw material powder coal bed from bottom to top, directly exchanges heat with raw material powder coal, then enters the horn-shaped gas collecting pipe 23 together with water vapor separated out from raw coal to obtain flue gas at 100-150 ℃, and is discharged through the dry flue gas outlet 2 c;
the specific implementation mode of indirect heat exchange is as follows: high-temperature air at 300-380 ℃ from the cooling section 416 of the pyrolysis furnace enters the gas distribution pipe 25 through the dry air inlet 2e and then indirectly exchanges heat with pulverized coal through the pipes, and 150-180 ℃ air obtained after heat exchange is discharged from the gas collecting pipe 29 at the top and the dry air outlet 2 b.
2) Air with the temperature of 450-550 ℃ after heat exchange with high-temperature semicoke from the waste heat recovery section 415 enters a combustor through an air inlet of a combustor of the flue gas generator 11, part of coal gas after water washing from the pyrolysis section 417 enters the combustor of the flue gas generator 11 to be combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas with the temperature of 600-750 ℃, the high-temperature flue gas enters a first gas distribution pipe 45 through a pyrolysis flue gas inlet 4d, then enters a pyrolysis section heat exchange array pipe 44, exchanges heat with dry coal and then is discharged through a flue gas outlet 4 b; the discharged high-temperature flue gas is further sent to a dryer for raw coal drying; raw coke oven gas generated after pyrolysis of dry coal enters the raw coke oven gas collecting pipe 412 through the gas leading-out hole 419 to be collected, is sprayed, washed and cooled by ammonia water from the top of the gas collecting pipe, is led out from the raw coke oven gas leading-out hole 4c and enters a cold drum system; a part of air from the air blower 12 enters the waste heat recovery section through the preheated air inlet 4f, exchanges heat with high-temperature semicoke obtained from the pyrolysis section, and enters the flue gas producer 11 for combustion supporting after the heat exchanged high-temperature air of 450-550 ℃; the other part of the waste heat recovery gas enters a cooling section through a cooling air inlet for 4 hours, further exchanges heat with high-temperature semicoke obtained in a waste heat recovery section, and high-temperature air at 300-380 ℃ after heat exchange enters a drying section; and discharging the cooled semicoke from a discharge port 4i at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace.
Claims (9)
1. A system for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in a vertical furnace is characterized in that: the system for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing the low-rank coal in the vertical furnace comprises a drying system, a pyrolyzing furnace system and a cold drum system; the drying system is communicated with the pyrolysis furnace system; the pyrolysis furnace system is respectively communicated with the cold drum system and the drying system;
the drying system comprises a raw material coal bin (1), a raw material coal dryer (2), a dry coal buffer bin (3), a cyclone dust collector (5), a bag-type dust collector (6) and a fan (7); the raw material coal bin (1) is communicated with the dry coal buffer bin (3) through a raw material coal dryer (2); the raw material coal dryer (2) is communicated with the fan (7) through a cyclone dust collector (5) and a bag-type dust collector (6); the dry coal buffer bin (3) is communicated with the pyrolysis furnace system; high-temperature flue gas and high-temperature air formed by the pyrolysis furnace system are respectively connected into a raw material coal dryer (2); raw material pulverized coal enters a raw material coal dryer (2) through a raw material coal bin (1) and is dried, and then enters a dry coal buffer bin (3); the flue gas generated after drying is discharged after passing through a cyclone dust collector (5), a bag-type dust collector (6) and a fan (7) in sequence;
the pyrolysis furnace system comprises an external heating type pyrolysis furnace (4), a smoke gas generator (11) and an air blower (12); the dry coal buffer bin (3) is communicated with the external heating type pyrolysis furnace (4); the flue gas generating furnace (11) and the air blower (12) are respectively connected into an external heating type pyrolysis furnace (4); the external heating type pyrolysis furnace (4) is communicated with a cold drum system; raw material pulverized coal entering the external heating type pyrolysis furnace (4) through the dry coal buffer bin (3) is pyrolyzed to generate raw coke oven gas and high-temperature semicoke; raw gas generated by pyrolysis is directly injected into a cold drum system to form gas and tar ammonia water; injecting air into the external heating type pyrolysis furnace after passing through an air blower to generate high-temperature air; injecting the high-temperature air and part of coal gas generated by the cold drum system into the flue gas generating furnace together for combustion and generating high-temperature flue gas; injecting high-temperature flue gas into an external heating type pyrolysis furnace to participate in the pyrolysis process and finally injecting the high-temperature flue gas into a drying system; discharging high-temperature semicoke generated by pyrolysis from the bottom of the external heating type pyrolysis furnace;
the external heating type pyrolysis furnace (4) comprises a pyrolysis furnace box body (41); the pyrolysis furnace box body (41) is sequentially divided into a pyrolysis section (417), a waste heat recovery section (415) and a cooling section (416) from top to bottom; an insulating layer and a wear-resistant pouring material layer (43) are sequentially arranged inside the pyrolysis furnace box body (41) from outside to inside; the heat-insulating layer is a heat-insulating castable layer (42) or a refractory brick; the top of the pyrolysis section (417) is provided with a dry coal feeding hole (4a) and a gas collecting pipe (418); the end part of the gas collecting pipe (418) is provided with a smoke outlet (4b) communicated with the top gas collecting pipe (418); a raw gas outlet (4c), a pyrolysis flue gas inlet (4d), a preheated air inlet (4f), a preheated air outlet (4e), a cooling air inlet (4h) and a cooling air outlet (4g) are arranged on the side wall of the pyrolysis furnace box body (41); the bottom of the cooling section (416) is provided with a bottom discharge outlet (4 i); a first gas distribution pipe (45), a pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array (44), a first gas collection pipe (46), a waste heat recovery section heat exchange tube array (47), a second gas distribution pipe (48), a second gas collection pipe (49), a cooling section heat exchange tube array (410), a third gas distribution pipe (411) and a pyrolysis furnace coal feeding channel which sequentially penetrates through the pyrolysis section (417), the waste heat recovery section (415) and the cooling section (416) from top to bottom are arranged in the pyrolysis furnace box body (41); the pyrolysis section heat exchange tubes (44), the waste heat recovery section heat exchange tubes (47) and the cooling section heat exchange tubes (410) are arranged on two sides of a coal feeding channel in the pyrolysis furnace from top to bottom in a surrounding manner; the air blower (12) is communicated with the cooling air inlet (4h) and conveys cooling air to the cooling air inlet (4 h); cooling air sequentially passes through a cooling air inlet (4h), a third gas distribution pipe (411), a cooling section heat exchange tube array (410), a second gas collection pipe (49) and a cooling air outlet (4g) to form high-temperature air; the cooling air outlet (4g) is communicated with a drying system; the air blower (12) is communicated with the preheated air inlet (4f) and conveys cooling air to the preheated air inlet (4 f); the cooling air forms high-temperature air after passing through a preheated air inlet (4f), a second gas distribution pipe (48), a waste heat recovery section heat exchange tube array (47), a first gas collection pipe (46) and a preheated air outlet (4e) in sequence; the preheated air outlet (4e) is connected to a flue gas generating furnace (11); the flue gas generating furnace (11) generates high-temperature flue gas; the flue gas generating furnace (11) is communicated with the pyrolysis flue gas inlet (4 d); high-temperature flue gas generated by the flue gas generating furnace (11) sequentially passes through a pyrolysis flue gas inlet (4d), a first gas distribution pipe (45), a pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array (44), a top gas collecting pipe (418) and a flue gas guide outlet (4 b); the flue gas guide outlet (4b) is communicated with a drying system; the raw material pulverized coal passing through the dry coal buffer bin (3) enters a coal feeding channel in the pyrolysis furnace through a dry coal feeding hole (4 a); raw material pulverized coal passes through a coal feeding channel in the pyrolysis furnace and simultaneously and respectively exchanges heat with high-temperature flue gas passing through the interior of a pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array (44), cooling air passing through the interior of a waste heat recovery section heat exchange tube array (47) and cooling air passing through the interior of a cooling section heat exchange tube array (410); raw material pulverized coal and high-temperature flue gas passing through the interior of the pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array (44) are subjected to heat exchange to generate raw coke oven gas, and the raw coke oven gas is led out through a raw coke oven gas leading-out port (4c), and the raw coke oven gas leading-out port (4c) is connected to a cold drum system; semicoke generated by pyrolysis enters the waste heat recovery section, exchanges heat with cooling air passing through the interior of the heat exchange tube array (47) of the waste heat recovery section and exchanges heat with cooling air passing through the interior of the heat exchange tube array (410) of the cooling section, and then is discharged from a bottom discharge outlet (4 i).
2. The system for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in a vertical furnace according to claim 1, wherein: the raw material coal dryer (2) comprises a dryer box body (21), a raw material coal feeding hole (2a), a dry coal discharging hole (2f), a direct heat exchange device, an indirect heat exchange device and a coal discharging channel (28); the raw material coal feeding hole (2a) and the dry coal discharging hole (2f) are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the dryer box body (21); a coal discharging channel (28), a direct heat exchange device arranged in the coal discharging channel (28) and indirect heat exchange devices arranged on two sides of the coal discharging channel are arranged in the dryer box body (21); the feed inlet (2a) is communicated with the dry coal outlet (2f) through a coal feeding channel (28); the raw material coal bin (1) is communicated with a raw material coal feeding hole (2 a); the dry coal discharge port (2f) is communicated with the dry coal buffer bin (3); the high-temperature flue gas discharged by the pyrolysis furnace system is directly connected to the direct heat exchange device; the high-temperature air discharged by the pyrolysis furnace system is directly connected into the indirect heat exchange device; the direct heat exchange device is communicated with the fan (7) through a cyclone dust collector (5) and a bag-type dust collector (6).
3. The system for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in a vertical furnace according to claim 2, wherein: the indirect heat exchange device comprises a heat exchange tube array (22), and a gas distribution tube (25) and a gas collection tube (29) which are respectively arranged at the bottom and the top of the dryer box body (21); the gas distribution pipe (25) and the gas collection pipe (29) are both in a horizontal state; the port of the gas distribution pipe (25) is provided with a dry air inlet (2 e); a port of the gas collecting pipe (29) is provided with a dry air outlet (2 b); the heat exchange tube array (22) is arranged between the gas distribution tube (25) and the gas collection tube (29) and is respectively communicated with the gas distribution tube (25) and the gas collection tube (29); spiral flow deflectors (27) are arranged in the heat exchange tubes (22); the dry air inlet (2e) is communicated with the dry air outlet (2b) sequentially through a gas distribution pipe (25), a heat exchange tube array (22), a gas collection pipe (29); the heat exchange tube arrays (22) are a plurality of transverse tube array rows which are transversely arranged; the upper ends of the tubes in each row on the transverse row of tubes are inserted into the gas collecting tube, and the lower ends of the transverse row of tubes are inserted into the gas distributing tube; the length of the transverse nematic tube row is 1500 mm-3000 mm; two adjacent heat exchange tubes of the transverse tube array are welded and connected through an arc-shaped connecting sheet; the two ends of the transverse alignment tube bank are welded with plates and are inserted into the refractory material for fixation; the coal feeding channel is arranged between two adjacent transverse array tube rows; the transverse tube array rows are arranged in two or more rows in the longitudinal direction, or the transverse tube array rows are arranged in parallel in one or more rows in the transverse direction; high-temperature air generated by the pyrolysis furnace system is directly connected into a dry air inlet (2 e); the working width of the coal feeding channel (28) is 200-450 mm.
4. The system for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in a vertical furnace according to claim 2, wherein: the direct heat exchange device comprises a dry flue gas outlet (2c) and a dry flue gas inlet (2d) which are arranged on the side wall of the dryer box body (21), and a horn-shaped gas distribution pipe (24) and a horn-shaped gas collecting pipe (23) which are arranged inside the dryer box body (21); the dry flue gas inlet (2d) is communicated with the coal feeding channel (28) through an angular gas distribution pipe (24); the coal feeding channel (28) is communicated with the dry flue gas outlet (2c) through an angular gas collecting pipe (23); the dry flue gas outlet (2c) is communicated with a fan (7) through a cyclone dust collector (5) and a bag-type dust collector (6); high-temperature flue gas discharged by the pyrolysis furnace system is directly connected to a dry flue gas inlet (2 d); the horn-shaped gas collecting pipe (23) and the horn-shaped gas distributing pipe (24) are one layer or a plurality of layers; when the horn-shaped gas collecting pipe and the horn-shaped gas distributing pipe are in multiple layers, the horn-shaped gas collecting pipe and the horn-shaped gas distributing pipe are arranged on the coal discharging channel in a staggered mode; the distance between the angular gas collecting pipe and the angular gas distributing pipe is 500 mm-1000 mm.
5. The system for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in a vertical furnace according to claim 1, wherein: a raw gas collecting pipe (412) is arranged on the pyrolysis furnace box body (41); a gas leading-out hole (419) is formed in the raw gas collecting pipe (412); raw material pulverized coal and raw coke oven gas generated by heat exchange pyrolysis of high-temperature flue gas in the pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array (44) are communicated with a raw coke oven gas guide outlet (4c) through a gas guide outlet (419) and a raw coke oven gas collecting pipe (412) in sequence; an ammonia water inlet is formed in the top of the raw gas collecting pipe (412).
6. The system for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in a vertical furnace according to claim 5, wherein: spiral guide vanes (420) are arranged in the pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array (44), the waste heat recovery section heat exchange tube array (47) and the cooling section heat exchange tube array (410); the pyrolysis section heat exchange tube array (44) is a transverse tube array formed by transversely arranging a plurality of heat exchange tubes; the upper ends of the heat exchange tubes on the transverse tube array are inserted into the gas collecting tube, and the lower ends of the heat exchange tubes are inserted into the gas distributing tube; the length of the transverse nematic tube row is 1500 mm-3000 mm; two adjacent heat exchange tube arrays of the transverse tube array are connected through an arc-shaped connecting sheet, and the coal feeding channel is arranged between two adjacent transverse tube arrays; the transverse tube rows are provided with two or more rows in the longitudinal direction or are arranged in parallel in one or more rows in the transverse direction, and two adjacent transverse tube rows share the heat-insulating layer and the raw coke oven gas collecting tubes; the working width of a coal feeding channel in the pyrolysis section is 250-450 mm; the waste heat recovery section heat exchange tube array and the cooling section heat exchange tube array respectively comprise a plurality of heat exchange tubes, and the plurality of heat exchange tubes are transversely arranged to form a transverse tube array; longitudinal tube rows are also arranged at the two ends of the transverse tube row and in the middle of the transverse tube row in the longitudinal direction, and the distance between two adjacent rows of heat exchange tubes of the longitudinal tube rows is 200-300 mm; the upper ends of the tubes in each row on the longitudinal row of tubes are inserted into the gas collecting tube, and the lower ends of the tubes are inserted into the gas distributing tube; the length of the transverse nematic tube row is 1500 mm-3000 mm; the transverse tube rows are provided with two or more rows in the longitudinal direction or are arranged in parallel in one or more rows in the transverse direction, and two adjacent transverse tube rows share the heat-insulating layer and the raw coke oven gas collecting tubes; the waste heat recovery section and the coal feeding channel of the cooling section are arranged between two adjacent tube arrays; the working width of a coal feeding channel in the waste heat recovery section or the cooling section is 150-300 mm; and the waste heat recovery section heat exchange tube array (47) and two adjacent heat exchange tube arrays in the same row or the same row of the cooling section heat exchange tube array (410) are respectively connected through a connecting sheet (414).
7. The system for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in a vertical furnace according to claim 6, wherein: the cold drum system comprises a gas-liquid separator (9) and a gas blower (10); the gas, tar and ammonia water mixture led out from the raw gas outlet (4c) enters a gas-liquid separator (9) to separate ammonia water tar and gas; the tar and the ammonia water obtained by separation are discharged from the bottom of the gas-liquid separator (9); the separated dry coal gas is discharged from the top of the gas-liquid separator (9) and recycled by a coal gas blower (10).
8. The method for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal based on the system for preparing coal tar gas by pyrolyzing low-rank coal in a vertical furnace according to claim 7, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) feeding 0-30 mm of raw material pulverized coal from a raw material coal bunker (1) into a raw material coal dryer (2), directly exchanging heat with 300-350 ℃ high-temperature flue gas from a combustion chamber of a pyrolysis furnace, and indirectly exchanging heat with 300-380 ℃ high-temperature air from a cooling section (416) of the pyrolysis furnace; the raw material pulverized coal flows out from a dry coal discharge port (2f) at the bottom of the raw material coal dryer (2) from top to bottom by gravity; the high-temperature flue gas after heat exchange is dedusted by a cyclone deduster (5), purified by a bag deduster (6) and then emptied; the high-temperature air after heat exchange is directly mixed with the purified flue gas and then is evacuated; storing the dried coal at 130-200 ℃ in a dry coal buffer bin (3) after drying; an outlet at the bottom of the dry coal buffer bin (3) is connected with a pulverized coal feeding hole of the external heating type pyrolysis furnace (4);
2) air with the temperature of 450-550 ℃ after heat exchange with high-temperature semicoke from the waste heat recovery section (415) enters a burner through an air inlet of a burner of the flue gas generator (11), part of coal gas after water washing with the pyrolysis section (417) enters the burner of the flue gas generator (11) to be combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas with the temperature of 600-750 ℃, and the high-temperature flue gas enters a first gas distribution pipe (45) through a pyrolysis flue gas inlet (4d), then enters a pyrolysis section heat exchange array pipe (44), exchanges heat with dry coal and then is discharged through a flue gas outlet (4 b); the discharged high-temperature flue gas is further sent to a raw material coal dryer (2) for raw coal drying; raw gas generated after pyrolysis of dry coal enters a raw gas collecting pipe (412) through a gas leading-out hole (419) to be collected, is sprayed, washed and cooled by ammonia water from the top of the gas collecting pipe, is led out from a raw gas leading-out hole (4c), and is sent to a cooling drum system; a part of air from an air blower (12) enters a waste heat recovery section through a preheated air inlet (4f) to exchange heat with high-temperature semicoke obtained from a pyrolysis section, and high-temperature air at 450-550 ℃ after heat exchange enters a flue gas generator (11) to support combustion; the other part of the waste heat recovery gas enters a cooling section through a cooling air inlet (4h), further exchanges heat with high-temperature semicoke obtained in a waste heat recovery section, and the high-temperature air with the temperature of 300-380 ℃ after heat exchange is sent to a drying system; and the cooled semicoke is discharged from a discharge port (4i) at the bottom of the pyrolysis furnace.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the specific implementation mode of the direct heat exchange in the step 1) is as follows: high-temperature flue gas at 300-350 ℃ from a pyrolysis furnace enters an angular gas distribution pipe (24) through a dry flue gas inlet (2d), then passes through a raw material powder coal bed from bottom to top, directly exchanges heat with raw material powder coal, then enters an angular gas collecting pipe (23) together with water vapor separated out from the raw coal to obtain flue gas at 100-150 ℃, and is discharged through a dry flue gas outlet (2 c);
the specific implementation mode of the indirect heat exchange is as follows: high-temperature air at 300-380 ℃ from a cooling section (416) of the pyrolysis furnace enters a gas distribution pipe (25) through a dry air inlet (2e), then indirectly exchanges heat with pulverized coal through all rows of pipes, and the air at 150-180 ℃ obtained after heat exchange is discharged from a gas collecting pipe (29) at the top and a dry air outlet (2 b).
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