CN108640869B - 过渡金属催化的c-h偶联高效制备邻酰胺化芳基杂环类衍生物 - Google Patents

过渡金属催化的c-h偶联高效制备邻酰胺化芳基杂环类衍生物 Download PDF

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CN108640869B
CN108640869B CN201810528688.9A CN201810528688A CN108640869B CN 108640869 B CN108640869 B CN 108640869B CN 201810528688 A CN201810528688 A CN 201810528688A CN 108640869 B CN108640869 B CN 108640869B
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吴勇
海俐
余昕玲
马强
赖睿智
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种基于N1,N3‑二取代咪唑型离子液体为溶剂,二恶唑酮类化合物为酰胺源,过渡金属催化的C‑H偶联反应高效制备邻酰胺化芳基杂环类衍生物的绿色合成新方法。本发明相比于传统技术,更安全、简便、高效、环境友好;官能团容忍性好,收率高;溶剂和催化剂可循环使用,大大降低了成本;副产物仅为二氧化碳,避免了产生大量的废弃物,提高了原子利用率;无需进行底物的预活化并且反应条件温和,降低了操作难度。可以高效快速获得邻酰胺化芳基杂环类衍生物分子库,可以对天然化合物进行后期修饰,从而合成新的药物候选分子。

Description

过渡金属催化的C-H偶联高效制备邻酰胺化芳基杂环类衍 生物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于N1,N3-二取代咪唑型离子液体为溶剂、二恶唑酮类化合物为酰胺源、过渡金属催化的C-H偶联反应高效制备邻酰胺化芳基杂环类衍生物的绿色合成新方法。
背景技术
邻酰胺化的芳基杂环类衍生物是一类非常重要的药物、天然产物、活性生物分子等。其合成方法研究受到了国内外学术界和产业界的高度重视[参见:(a) T. Watanabe,Y. Takahashi, T. Takahashi, H. Nukaya, Y. Terao,T. Hirayama, K. Wakabayashi,Mutation Research, 2002, 519, 187;(b) W. Kemnitzer, N. Sirisoma, S. Jiang, S.Kasibhatal, C. Crogan-Grundy, B. Tseng, J. Drewe, S. X. Cai, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2010, 20, 1288.]。目前,直接合成邻酰胺基芳基杂环类衍生物的方法主要是以酰基叠氮为酰胺源,过渡金属催化的C-H偶联反应[参见:(a) M. A. Ali, X. Yao, G.Li, H. Lu, Org. Lett. 2016, 18, 1386; (b) K. Shin, J. Ryu, S. Chang, Org. Lett. 2014, 16, 2022; (c) F. Xie, Z. Qi, X. Li, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013,52, 11862; (d) L. L. Zhang, L.-H. Li, Y.-Q. Wang, Y.-F. Yang, X.-Y. Liu, Y.-M. Liang, Organometallics 2014, 33, 1905.]。间接合成方法主要是通过引入氨基或取代氨基,再进一步进行酰胺化。氨基的引入方法主要有以下两类:布赫瓦尔德-哈特维希交叉偶联反应,在碱性条件下通过钯催化作用在配体的协助下实现胺与芳卤的交叉偶联反应[参见:F. Ullmann, Ber.Dtsch. Chem. Ges. 1903, 36, 2382).];过渡金属催化的C-H氨化[参见:(a) C. Grohmann, H. Wang, F. Glorius, Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 3014; (b)R.-J. Tang, C.-P. Luo, L. Yang, C.-J. Li, Adv. Synth. Catal. 2013, 355, 869;(c) Q. Shuai, G. Deng, Z. Chua, D. S. Bohle, C.-J. Li, Adv. Synth. Catal.2010, 352, 632; (d) H. Zhao, Y. Shang, W. Su, Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 5106.]。这两类方法通常需要高温或/和无氧等苛刻的反应条件、试剂需要预活化、产生等当量的副产物、原子利用率不高等缺点。另外,无论是直接酰胺化还是间接酰胺化,均采用大极性且有毒的有机试剂作为反应溶剂,以价格昂贵的过渡金属或者特殊的配体催化反应,成本高且造成了极大地环境污染。这些问题在很大程度上限制了快速合成邻酰胺化的芳基杂环类衍生物分子库。因此,开发一种安全、简便、高效、低成本、环境友好型的偶联反应构筑邻酰胺化的芳基杂环类衍生物是目前化学合成方法学研究的热点和难点。
近年来,离子液体因具有低毒、不可燃、良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性、不产生蒸气压、极好的溶解性等优点受到了科学界和工业界的广泛关注。目前,离子液体已成功运用于一些经典的有机合成反应[参见:(a) P. Ehlers, A. Petrosyan, J. Baumgard, S.Jopp, N. Steinfeld, T. V. Ghochikyan, A. S. Saghyan, C. Fischer, P. Langer,ChemCatChem 2013, 5, 2504; (b) R. Šebesta, I. Kmentová, Š. Toma, Green Chem.2008, 10, 484; (c) W. Xu, N. Yoshikai, Chem. Sci. 2017, 8, 5299.]。但其作为过渡金属催化的C-H活化反应的溶剂体系仍未见报道。
发明内容
本发明以N1,N3-二取代咪唑型离子液体为溶剂、二恶唑酮类化合物为酰胺源、过渡金属催化C-H偶联反应高效制备邻酰胺化芳基杂环类衍生物,解决了传统邻酰胺化芳基杂环类衍生物的合成中步骤冗长、反应条件苛刻、低原子利用率、使用有毒有机溶剂、造成环境污染、成本较高、无法实现工业生产等问题,提供了一种较已有报道更加温和、快速、简便、有效、环境友好并且反应体系可循环使用的制备方法,降低了生产成品,避免了环境污染,且副产物仅为二氧化碳,极大地提高了原子利用率。具有很好的运用前景。
本发明的技术路线以芳基杂环类化合物为底物,以二恶唑酮类化合物为酰胺源,在室温条件下直接一步偶联,其化学反应式如下所示:
Figure 632748DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
A环为吡啶基、吡唑基、嘧啶基、噁唑基、噁唑啉基、吲哚基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、三氮唑基;B环为苯基、α-萘基、β-萘基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡啶基、吡咯基、吲哚基、二氢吲哚基;R1、R2为氢、卤素、烷基、苯基、烷氧基、羰基、醛基、羧基、氰基、烷酰氧基、酰胺基中的一种或一种以上;R3为氢、烷基、苄基、苯基、取代芳基、杂芳基。
制备步骤如下:
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入芳基氮杂环化合物、二恶唑酮类化合物、催化剂、添加剂和离子液体,室温下搅拌1-3小时;
(2)反应完全后,加入乙醚萃取,收集乙醚层,减压除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品;离子液层经减压干燥后可循环使用,循环使用过程中不需要添加额外的催化剂、添加剂和离子液。
步骤(1)中,催化剂为钯碳、四(三苯基膦)钯、醋酸钯、氯化钯、二(乙腈)二氯化钯、二(苯腈)二氯化钯,1,1’-二(二苯基膦基)二茂铁二氯化钯、二(三苯基膦)二氯化钯、双(二亚苄基丙酮)钯、三(二亚苄基丙酮)二钯、氯化烯丙基钯(II)二聚物、(1,5-环辛二烯)二氯化钯(II)、铑碳、三氯化铑、醋酸铑、乙酰丙酮三苯基膦羰基铑、双环辛烯氯化铑二聚体、二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合铑(III)二聚体、(二(六氟锑酸)三乙腈(五甲基环戊二烯基)铑(III))、三苯基膦氯化铑、三氯化钌、三苯基膦氯化钌、二氯二羰基双三苯基膦钌、双(2-甲基烯丙基)(1,5-环辛二烯)钌(II)、对伞花烃二氯化钌二聚体、氯化钴、乙酰乙酰钴、八羰基二钴、二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合钴(III)二聚体、五甲基环戊二烯基羰基二碘化钴、(二(六氟锑酸)三乙腈(五甲基环戊二烯基)钴(III))、三氯化铱、二氯(五甲基环戊二烯)合铱(III)二聚体、双(1,5-环辛二烯)氯化铱(Ⅰ)二聚体、甲氧基(环辛二烯)合铱二聚体中的一种或一种以上。
步骤(1)中的添加剂为硝酸银、乙酸银、碳酸银、硫酸银、甲烷磺酸银、三氟甲烷磺酸银、对甲苯磺酸银、双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺银,三氟甲烷磺酸银,六氟锑酸银、四氟硼酸银、六氟磷酸银中的一种或一种以上。
步骤(1)中的离子液体为N1,N3-二取代咪唑类离子液体中的一种或一种以上。
步骤(1)中芳基杂环类化合物:二恶唑酮类化合物:催化剂:添加剂的摩尔比为1:(1.2~3.0):(0.02~0.05):(0.08~0.2)。
步骤(1)中芳基杂环类化合物的反应浓度为0.1~0.5 mol/L。
用核磁共振氢谱(1H NMR)、碳谱(13C NMR)以及高分辨质谱证实了邻酰胺化芳基杂环类衍生物的结构,如附图1、附图2。其中核磁共振图采用Varian INOVA-400 型核磁共振仪测定,以四甲基硅烷(TMS)为内标(δ 0 ppm),氘代二甲基亚砜为溶剂;高分辨质谱用Agilent 1946B 质谱仪测定。
相比于传统的反应条件,本发明以N1,N3-二取代咪唑类离子液体作为溶剂,以二恶唑酮作为酰胺源,通过过渡金属催化C-H交叉偶联反应合成邻酰胺化芳基杂环类衍生物的方法具有很多独特的优点,具体体现为:
1. 本发明所述的C-H偶联反应运用离子液体作为反应溶剂,在室温条件下迅速反应,能高效快速获得邻酰胺化的芳基杂环类衍生物;
2. 本发明所述的合成路线运用离子液体作为反应溶剂,相比于传统的有机溶剂,离子液体具有低毒、不可燃、良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性、不产生蒸气压、极好的溶解性等优点,提高了反应安全性;
3. 本发明所述的合成路线可以实现反应体系的再循环。循环过程中无需添加新的催化剂、添加剂和溶剂,实验证明可至少循环至5次而产品收率无明显下降,极大降低了合成成本,能实现工业生产;
4. 本发明所述的合成路线运用二恶唑酮类化合物作为酰胺源,该试剂具有较高的安全性和稳定性,并且在反应过程中产生的副产物仅为二氧化碳,避免了产生大量废弃物,具有较高的原子经济性和环境友好性;
5. 本发明所述的合成路线通过C-H偶联反应,可以巧妙的合成IGF-1R抑制剂化合物1、化合物2,避免了传统的冗长的有机合成步骤。
附图说明
图1为本发明化合物N-(2-(2-吡啶基)苯基)苯甲酰胺的核磁氢谱图
图2 为本发明化合物N-(2-(2-吡啶基)苯基)苯甲酰胺的核磁碳谱图
图3为按照本发明合成方法合成的IGF-1R抑制剂化合物1、化合物2的分子结构式。
具体实施方法
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步描述,有助于对本发明的理解。但并不能以此来限制本发明的权利范围,而本发明的权利范围应以权利要求书阐述的为准。
实施实例1:N-(2-(2-吡啶基)苯基)苯甲酰胺的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入2-苯基吡啶(31.0 mg,0.20 mmol),3-苯基-1,4,2-二恶唑-5-酮(39.2 mg,0.24 mmol),二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合铑(III)二聚体(6.3mg,0.01 mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7 mg,0.04 mmol),1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(0.4mL),室温下搅拌1小时。
(2)反应完成后,加入乙醚萃取(1 mL×5),收集乙醚层,减压除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯 = 10/1, v/v)分离纯化,得到目标产物48.3 mg,白色固体,收率88%。熔点:107-108 oC;1H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ8.81 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H),8.61 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.05-7.94 (m, 5H), 7.61 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 3H), 7.51-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.27 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H);13C NMR(100 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 164.9,157.4, 148.1, 139.0, 137.9, 135.2, 132.3, 130.4, 129.7, 129.4, 127.4, 126.1,124.3, 123.5, 123.1, 121.9;HRMS(ESI): 计算值 C18H14N2O [M+Na]+: 297.1004, 实测值: 297.1000。
实施实例2:4-氯-N-(2-(2-吡啶基)苯基)苯甲酰胺的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入2-(4-氯苯基)吡啶(37.9 mg,0.20 mmol),3-苯基-1,4,2-二恶唑-5-酮(39.2 mg,0.24 mmol),二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合铑(III)二聚体(6.3 mg,0.01 mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7 mg,0.04 mmol),1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(0.4 mL),室温下搅拌1小时。
(2)反应完成后,加入乙醚萃取(1 mL×5),收集乙醚层,减压除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯 = 10/1, v/v)分离纯化,得到目标产物59.3 mg,白色固体,收率96%。熔点:153-155oC;1H NMR(400 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ8.82 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H),8.57 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.04-8.02(m, 2H), 7.98-7.95 (m, 3H), 7.68 (d, J =8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.51-7.48 (m, 2H),7.28 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H);13C NMR(100 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 163.9, 157.4, 148.2, 139.0, 137.8, 137.1,134.1, 130.4, 129.7, 129.6,129.4, 126.2, 124.6, 123.5, 123.2, 122.0;HRMS(ESI): 计算值 C18H14ClN2O [M+Na]+:331.0614, 实测值: 331.0614。
实施实例3:N-(2-(1H-吡咯基)苯基)苯甲酰胺的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入1-苯基吡唑(28.8 mg,0.20 mmol),3-苯基-1,4,2-二恶唑-5-酮(39.2 mg,0.24 mmol),二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合铑(III)二聚体(6.3mg,0.01 mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7 mg,0.04 mmol),1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(0.4mL),室温下搅拌3小时。
(2)反应完成后,加入乙醚萃取(1 mL×5),收集乙醚层,减压除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯 = 10/1, v/v)分离纯化,得到目标产物47.1 mg,白色固体,收率90%。熔点:126-128oC;1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d 6) δ 11.24 (s, 1H), 8.36 (d, J= 2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H),7.95 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.68 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H ),7.64-7.54 (m, 3H), 7.45 (t, J = 8.0Hz, 1H), 7.34 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (t, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H); 13CNMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d 6) δ 165.2, 141.6, 134.6, 132.5, 131.6, 131.2, 131.1, 129.3, 128.1,127.5,125.7, 124.6, 123.7, 107.8;HRMS(ESI): 计算值 C16H13N3O [M+Na]+: 286.0956,实测值: 286.0994。
实施实例4:N-(2-(异喹啉基)苯基)苯甲酰胺的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入1-苯基异喹啉(41.1 mg,0.20 mmol),3-苯基-1,4,2-二恶唑-5-酮(39.2 mg,0.24 mmol),二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合铑(III)二聚体(6.3mg,0.01 mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7 mg,0.04 mmol),1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(0.4mL),室温下搅拌3小时。
(2)反应完成后,加入乙醚萃取(1 mL×5),收集乙醚层,减压除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯 = 10/1, v/v)分离纯化,得到目标产物51.9 mg,无色油状物,收率80%。1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d 6) δ 10.34 (s,1H), 8.63 (d, J = 8.0 Hz,1H), 8.00 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.90-7.85 (m, 2H),7.73 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H),7.58-7.52 (m, 5H), 7.46-7.34 (m, 4H); 13CNMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 165.4,158.6, 142.0, 136.9, 136.6, 135.0, 132.2, 132.0, 131.9, 130.8, 129.6,128.8,128.0, 127.6, 127.5, 127.4, 126.9, 125.7, 125.2, 120.8; HRMS(ESI): 计算值C22H16N2O [M+Na]+: 347.1160, 实测值: 347.1177。
实施实例5:N-(1-(2-吡啶基)萘-2-基)苯甲酰胺的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入2-(1-萘)吡啶(41.1 mg,0.20 mmol),3-苯基-1,4,2-二恶唑-5-酮(39.2 mg,0.24 mmol),二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合铑(III)二聚体(6.3mg,0.01 mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7 mg,0.04 mmol),1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(0.4mL),室温下搅拌3小时。
(2)反应完成后,加入乙醚萃取(1 mL×5),收集乙醚层,减压除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯 = 10/1, v/v)分离纯化,得到目标产物63.1 mg,白色固体,收率97%。熔点:162-164oC;1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d 6) δ 10.27 (s, 1H), 8.43 (d, J= 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J = 8.0 Hz,1H), 8.03 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.96-7.90(m, 2H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H),7.60 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.57-7.53 (m,3H),7.50-7.45 (m,4H); 13CNMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 165.9, 155.8, 149.8, 137.2,134.7, 133.9, 132.1, 132.1, 131.9, 131.6, 129.3, 129.0, 128.6, 127.7,127.2,126.8, 126.0, 125.8, 125.6, 123.2; HRMS(ESI): 计算值 C22H16N2O [M+Na]+:347.1160, 实测值: 347.1160。
实施实例6:N-(2-(2-吡啶基)噻吩-3-基)苯甲酰胺的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入2-(2-噻吩基)吡啶(32.2 mg,0.20 mmol),3-苯基-1,4,2-二恶唑-5-酮(39.2 mg,0.24 mmol),二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合铑(III)二聚体(6.3 mg,0.01 mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7 mg,0.04 mmol),1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(0.4 mL),室温下搅拌1小时。
(2)反应完成后,加入乙醚萃取(1 mL×5),收集乙醚层,减压除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯 = 10/1, v/v)分离纯化,得到目标产物49.3 mg,白色固体,收率88%。熔点:92-94oC;1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d 6) δ 8.75 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H),8.17 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H),7.91 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H),7.72 (d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H), 7.66-7.63 (m, 4H), 7.34 (t, J= 8.0 Hz, 1H); 13CNMR(100 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 163.7, 153.5, 148.7, 138.9,138.5, 134.4, 132.6, 129.6,127.6, 127.1, 123.6, 121.9, 120.9, 120.8; HRMS(ESI): 计算值 C16H12N2OS [M+Na]+:303.0568, 实测值: 303.0560。
实施实例7:N-(1-(2-吡啶基)-1H-吲哚-2-基)苯甲酰胺的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入1-(2-吡啶基)-1H-吲哚(39.0 mg,0.20 mmol),3-苯基-1,4,2-二恶唑-5-酮(39.2 mg,0.24 mmol),二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合铑(III)二聚体(6.3 mg,0.01 mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7 mg,0.04 mmol),1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(0.4 mL),室温下搅拌1小时。
(2)反应完成后,加入乙醚萃取(1 mL×5),收集乙醚层,减压除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯 = 5/1, v/v)分离纯化,得到目标产物61.8 mg,黄色固体,收率98%。熔点128-130oC。1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d 6) δ12.86 (s, 1H), 9.03 (d, J =4.0 Hz, 2H), 8.61-8.59 (m,1H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.66-7.58 (m, 4H),7.47 (t, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H),7.25 (s, 1H), 7.22-7.19 (m, 2H); 13CNMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d 6) δ 163.5,159.2, 158.3, 135.7, 134.2, 132.6, 132.6, 129.6, 129.4,127.5, 123.2, 122.7, 120.1, 117.9, 116.2,95.2; HRMS(ESI): 计算值 C19H14N4O [M+Na]+: 337.1065, 实测值: 337.1059。
实施实例8:N-(2-(2-吡啶基)苯基)三甲基乙酰胺的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入2-苯基吡啶(31.0 mg,0.20 mmol),3-叔丁基-1,4,2-二恶唑-5-酮(34.4 mg,0.24 mmol),二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合铑(III)二聚体(6.3mg,0.01 mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7 mg,0.04 mmol),1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(0.4mL),室温下搅拌1小时。
(2)反应完成后,加入乙醚萃取(1 mL×5),收集乙醚层,减压除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯 = 10/1, v/v)分离纯化,得到目标产物30.8 mg,黄色油状物,收率61%。1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d 6) δ12.39 (s, 1H), 8.72(d, J = 4.0 Hz, 1H),8.46 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.04-7.97 (m, 2H), 7.86 (d, J = 8.0Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.41 (m, 2H), 7.21 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 1.23 (s, 9H); 13CNMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d 6) δ 176.8, 157.5, 148.0, 138.9, 138.1, 130.2, 129.6, 126.0, 123.8, 123.6,123.0,121.7, 40.1, 27.8; HRMS(ESI): 计算值 C16H18N2O [M+Na]+: 277.1317, 实测值:277.1334。
实施实例9:N-(2-(2-吡啶基)苯基)呋喃-2-甲酰胺的合成
(1)在洁净的反应器中依次加入2-苯基吡啶(31.0 mg,0.20 mmol),3-(2-呋喃基)-1,4,2-二恶唑-5-酮(36.7 mg,0.24 mmol),二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合铑(III)二聚体(6.3 mg,0.01 mmol),六氟锑酸银(13.7 mg,0.04 mmol),1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐(0.4 mL),室温下搅拌1小时。
(2)反应完成后,加入乙醚萃取(1 mL×5),收集乙醚层,减压除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析(石油醚/乙酸乙酯 = 10/1, v/v)分离纯化,得到目标产物26.7 mg,白色固体,收率61%。熔点126 oC;1H NMR (400 MHz,DMSO-d 6) δ13.58 (s, 1H), 8.87 (d, J =4.0 Hz, 1H), 8.58 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.06-8.01 (m,3H), 7.96 (d, J = 8.0 Hz,1H), 7.52-7.47 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.25 (m, 2H), 6.74-6.73(m, 1H); 13CNMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d 6) δ 157.3, 156.1, 148.4, 148.0, 146.4, 139.0, 137.5, 130.4,129.6,125.6, 124.3, 123.4, 123.1, 121.6, 115.2, 113.0; HRMS(ESI): 计算值 C16H18N2O [M+Na]+: 287.0796, 实测值: 287.0799。

Claims (4)

1.一种基于过渡金属催化的C-H偶联反应制备邻酰胺化的芳基杂环类衍生物的合成方法,其特征在于以二恶唑酮类化合物(2)为酰胺源,以N1,N3-二取代咪唑型离子液体为溶剂,在室温条件下快速制备邻酰胺化的芳基杂环类衍生物,其化学反应式为:
Figure 363293DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
其中:
A环为吡啶基、吡唑基、嘧啶基、噁唑基、噁唑啉基、吲哚基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、三氮唑基;
B环为苯基、α-萘基、β-萘基、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡啶基、吡咯基、吲哚基、二氢吲哚基;
R1、R2为氢、卤素、烷基、苯基、烷氧基、羰基、醛基、羧基、氰基、烷酰氧基、酰胺基中的一种或一种以上;
R3为氢、烷基、苄基、苯基、取代芳基、杂芳基;
催化剂为二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合铑(III)二聚体;
添加剂为六氟锑酸银;
离子液体为1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备邻酰胺化的芳基杂环类衍生物的方法,其制备步骤如下:
(1)在洁净的反应器中加入化合物(1)、化合物(2)、催化剂二氯(五甲基环戊二烯基)合铑(III)二聚体、添加剂六氟锑酸银和离子液1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐,室温下搅拌1-3小时;
(2)反应完全后,加入乙醚萃取,乙醚层经减压蒸馏除去溶剂,残留物采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品;离子液层经减压干燥后可循环使用,循环使用时无需添加新的催化剂、添加剂和离子液。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中芳基杂环类化合物:二恶唑酮类化合物:催化剂:添加剂的摩尔为1:(1.2~3.0):(0.02~0.05):(0.08~0.2)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中芳基杂环类化合物的反应浓度为0.1~0.5 mol/L。
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