CN108639089A - A kind of bogie of rail vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to rail vehicle truck fields, provide a kind of bogie of rail vehicle, including：The transverse ends of bogie frame, including box crossbeam and box curb girder, box crossbeam are connected between a pair of of box curb girder disposed in parallel；Axle box structure, including axle box, the inside spring holder being arranged on the inside of axle box and the outside spring holder being arranged on the outside of axle box, the line of centres between inside spring holder and outside spring holder passes through the bearing centre of axle box, inside spring holder is biased to the direction far from wheel in the horizontal, and outside spring holder is biased to towards the direction of wheel in the horizontal；Obstacle deflector and sander are mounted on the same mounting structure, and mounting structure is connected in bogie frame or axle box structure.The bogie manufacturing time of rail vehicle is short, simplifies the structure of obstacle deflector and sander, saves installation space, solves motor train unit bogie foundation brake structure and conflicting in axle box space layout.

Description

A bogie for a rail vehicle

technical field

The invention relates to the field of rail vehicle bogies, in particular to a rail vehicle bogie.

Background technique

The bogie is one of the most important components in the rail vehicle structure, used to support the car body, bear and transmit various loads and forces from the car body to the wheels or from the wheel rail to the car body. When rail vehicles are running, vibration or impact will inevitably be caused due to uneven road surface factors. The bogie is usually equipped with a spring damping suspension device to alleviate these vibrations and impacts. Suspension devices mainly include air springs, anti-snake shock absorbers and anti-roll torsion bars, etc.

The anti-snaking shock absorber seat and the anti-rolling torsion bar seat of the existing bogie frame are respectively arranged on the side beam and the beam, and the obstacle removal, sand spreading and tread cleaning are respectively arranged on the end of the side beam and the steel pipe of the beam. The obstacle removal and sanding devices are independent of each other, which is inconvenient to install and takes up a lot of space. And the beam structure is mostly tube beam. There are many welds in the form of tube-sheet butt joint, the amount of welding and grinding is huge, and the weld process is poor.

In addition, a series of suspension structures are installed between the rail vehicle bogie frame and the axle box to bear the lateral, longitudinal and vertical forces generated when the vehicle is running. In the existing relatively mature wheel set form, the axle box with a traditional longitudinal arrangement of a series of spring positioning structures is easy to resist against the brake caliper. In order to solve this technical problem, the method of reducing the diameter of the axle box spring plate and the first series of steel round springs can be adopted, but the reduction of the diameter of the axle box spring will affect the spring design parameters and affect the space requirements of the first series of rubber springs. Another method is to increase the center distance of the journal, but it will greatly affect the top layer index of the bogie and cause the structure of the bogie to expand.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related art.

One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a bogie for a rail vehicle, which solves the problems in the prior art that there are many welds in the form of butt joint of tube and plate, the amount of welding and grinding is huge, the weld processability is poor, and the problem of troubleshooting The structure of the sanding device and the sanding device are independently installed and occupy no space, and there is a contradiction between the large space occupied by the brake caliper and the space requirements of the axle box itself.

In order to achieve this purpose, the present invention provides a bogie for a rail vehicle, comprising a bogie frame, an axle box structure, an obstacle removal device and a sand spreading device, the bogie frame includes a box-shaped beam and a box-shaped side beam, The transverse ends of the box-shaped beam are connected between a pair of box-shaped side beams arranged in parallel; the axle box structure is fixed on the bogie frame, and includes an axle box, arranged on the The inner spring plate inside the axle box and the outer spring plate arranged outside the axle box, the center connection line between the inner spring plate and the outer spring plate passes through the bearing center of the axle box, and the inner spring plate It is biased in the direction away from the wheel in the lateral direction, and the outer spring plate is biased in the direction toward the wheel in the lateral direction; the obstacle removal device and the sand spreading device are installed on the same installation structure, and the installation structure is connected to the The bogie frame or the axle box structure.

The box-shaped crossbeam includes an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate abutted with the upper cover plate to form a cavity, and the longitudinal sides of the upper cover plate are respectively connected with auxiliary beams perpendicular to the length direction of the box-shaped side beam Each of the auxiliary beams is connected with a plurality of brake hangers at intervals; the middle part of the beam is provided with a through hole penetrating up and down.

Preferably, the box-shaped beam is welded to the inner side of the box-shaped side beam through the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate; A connecting seat, the connecting end of the connecting seat is mated with the connecting end of the box-shaped beam.

Preferably, a spring assembly is respectively installed on the inner spring disk and the outer spring disk, and the spring assembly is composed of a spring upper splint, a spring lower splint, a steel round spring installed between the spring upper splint and the spring lower splint, and a buffer rubber Heap composition.

Preferably, the spring assembly further includes a central sleeve, the central sleeve is set on the guide column protruding downward from the center of the spring upper splint, and the center of the spring lower splint is provided with an upwardly protruding guide cylinder , the buffer rubber stack is installed between the central sleeve and the guide cylinder.

Preferably, the box-shaped side beam or axle box is provided with a connecting end, the installation structure is provided with a first toothed groove, and the connecting end is provided with a toothed groove that matches the first toothed groove. In the second toothed groove, the installation structure is connected to the connecting end through the first toothed groove and the second toothed groove by misalignment.

Preferably, an anti-snaking shock absorber seat and an anti-rolling torsion bar seat are respectively installed on the outer sides of a pair of box-shaped side beams, and the anti-snaking shock absorber seat and the anti-rolling torsion bar seat are of an integrated structure.

Preferably, a pair of tread cleaning seats are connected to the inner side of each box-shaped side beam; the pair of tread cleaning seats are respectively located on both longitudinal sides of the box-shaped cross beam.

Preferably, the box-shaped beam is provided with a traction motor mounting seat, and the traction motor mounting seat is elastically connected to the traction motor installed thereon.

Preferably, a rubber node is provided between the traction motor and the traction motor mounting seat.

Preferably, the box-shaped beam is provided with a motor transverse shock absorber mounting seat, and the traction motor is arranged on the motor transverse shock absorber mounting seat through the motor transverse shock absorber.

Preferably, the traction motor mounting seat is provided with a motor transverse stop mounting seat, and the motor transverse stopper of the traction motor is installed on the motor transverse stop mounting seat.

Preferably, when the box-shaped beam includes an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate abutted with the upper cover plate to form a cavity, the longitudinal sides of the upper cover plate are respectively connected with Auxiliary crossbeams in the direction, each of the auxiliary crossbeams is connected with a plurality of brake hangers at intervals, and when the middle part of the crossbeam is provided with a through hole that penetrates up and down, the upper cover plate is located in the longitudinal direction of the through hole. Vertical stop seats are integrally formed on opposite sides respectively.

Preferably, the bogie of the rail vehicle further includes double traction links.

The technical solution of the present invention has the following advantages: the bogie of the rail vehicle of the present invention, the beam and the side beam all adopt a box-shaped structure, and when welding, they are all welded between plates. Compared with the existing pipe-to-pipe Welding, or pipe-to-plate welding, greatly reduces the amount of welding, reduces the amount of weld grinding, and has better weld manufacturability, thus effectively saving production and manufacturing time. Moreover, the obstacle removal device and the sand spreading device are installed on the same installation structure, which simplifies the structures of the obstacle removal device and the sand spreading device, and saves installation space. In addition, by offsetting the inner spring plate and the outer spring plate between the axle box and the bogie frame, the contradiction between the large space occupied by the brake caliper and the space requirement of the axle box can be effectively resolved, and the The conflict between the basic braking structure of the EMU bogie and the space layout of the axle box is eliminated, and the lateral displacement requirements between the wheel set and the bogie frame are largely met, and the moment of inertia of the bogie is reduced. On the premise of effectively avoiding the dynamic profile of the brake caliper, the box structure effectively improves the space utilization rate and makes the structure of the bogie compact.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only These are some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation (1) of the bogie of the rail vehicle of embodiment;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the front view structure of the axle box in the installed state of the embodiment;

Fig. 3 is a top view structural diagram of the axle box in the installed state of the embodiment;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the obstacle removal device and the sand spreading device of the embodiment;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure in direction C in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is the structural representation (two) of the bogie of the rail vehicle of embodiment;

Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view at A-A in Fig. 6;

In the figure: 1: box-shaped beam; 2: box-shaped side beam; 3: auxiliary beam; 4: upper cover; 5: vertical stop seat; 6: horizontal stop seat; 7: brake hanger; 8 : tread cleaning seat; 9: anti-snaking shock absorber seat; 10: anti-rolling torsion bar seat; 11: through hole; 12: weight-reducing opening slot; 13: connecting arm; 14: sand spreading device; 15: troubleshooting Device; 16. Motor suspension seat; 17. Traction motor mounting seat; 18. Motor transverse shock absorber mounting seat; 19. Motor transverse stopper mounting seat; 01. Shaft box; 03. Inner spring plate; 04. Outer spring Disk; 05, spring assembly; 06, spring upper splint; 07, spring lower splint; 08, steel round spring; 09, buffer rubber stack; 010, anti-vibration rubber layer; 011, vertical shock absorber; 012, center sleeve cylinder; 013, guide column; 014, guide cylinder; 015, threaded hole; 016, bolt; 017, adjusting pad.

Detailed ways

In order to understand the above-mentioned purpose, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, in the case of no conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", " The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner" and "outer" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and Simplified descriptions, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral Ground connection; it can be mechanical connection or electrical connection; it can be direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediary. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific situations.

According to the present invention, the running direction along the vehicle body is the longitudinal direction, and the running direction perpendicular to the vehicle body is the transverse direction.

Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 5, the present embodiment provides a bogie for a rail vehicle, including a bogie frame, an axle box structure, an obstacle removal device 15 and a sanding device 14, and the bogie frame includes a box-shaped beam 1 and box-shaped side beams 2, the lateral ends of the box-shaped beam 1 are connected between a pair of box-shaped side beams 2 arranged in parallel; the axle box structure is fixed on the bogie frame, and It includes the axle box body 01, the inner spring disk 03 arranged inside the axle box body 01 and the outer spring disk 04 arranged outside the axle box body 01, and the central connection between the inner spring disk 03 and the outer spring disk 04 The line passes through the bearing center of the axle box 01, the inner spring disc 03 is biased in the direction away from the wheel in the lateral direction, and the outer spring disc 04 is biased in the direction towards the wheel in the lateral direction; The device 15 and the sand spreading device 14 are installed on the same installation structure, and the installation structure is connected to the bogie frame or the axle box structure.

The bogie of the rail vehicle in this embodiment, the beam and the side beam all adopt box-shaped structure, and when welding, they are all welded between plates. Compared with the existing pipe-to-pipe welding, or pipe-to-plate welding, The amount of welding is greatly reduced, the amount of weld grinding is reduced, and the weld manufacturability is better, thereby effectively saving production and manufacturing time. Moreover, the obstacle removal device 15 and the sand spreading device 14 are installed on the same installation structure, which simplifies the structures of the obstacle removal device 15 and the sand spreading device 14 and saves installation space. In addition, by offsetting the inner spring plate 03 and the outer spring plate 04 between the axle box 01 and the bogie frame, the gap between the large space occupied by the brake caliper and the space requirement of the axle box 01 can be effectively solved. It solves the conflict between the basic braking structure of the EMU bogie and the space layout of the axle box 01, satisfies the lateral displacement requirements between the wheel set and the bogie frame to a large extent, and reduces the moment of inertia of the bogie At the same time, under the premise of effectively avoiding the dynamic contour of the brake caliper, the axle box structure can effectively improve the space utilization rate and make the structure of the bogie compact.

In Fig. 1, the box-shaped beam 1 includes an upper cover plate 4 and a lower cover plate abutting with the upper cover plate 4 to form a cavity, and the longitudinal sides of the upper cover plate 4 are respectively connected with Auxiliary crossbeams 3 in the longitudinal direction of the side beams 2 are connected with a plurality of brake hangers 7 at intervals on each of the auxiliary crossbeams 3, so as to facilitate the connection of the brake caliper. The upper cover plate 4 and the lower cover plate of the box-shaped beam 1 are directly connected with the box-shaped side beam 2 and the auxiliary beam 3, and the structure is simple and the welding process is good.

Specifically, the box-shaped crossbeam 1 forms an integrated structure through the welding connection of the upper cover plate 4 and the lower cover plate with the inner side of the box-shaped side beam 2, and the structure is simple, that is, the upper cover plate 4 and the lower cover plate are connected with the inner side of the box-shaped side beam 2. The box side beam 2 is welded and connected. And in order to facilitate welding, the inner side of the box-shaped side beam 2 is connected to the connection of the box-shaped beam 1 with a connecting seat, and the connecting end of the connecting seat is matched with the connecting end of the box-shaped beam 1. That corresponds to welding.

Wherein, the box-shaped crossbeam 1 is provided with a through hole 11 that penetrates up and down. As shown in FIG. Vertical stop seats 5 are integrally formed on opposite sides in the longitudinal direction, which are convenient to manufacture, easy to install and have good strength; the upper cover plate 4 is provided with a pair of opposite transverse stop seats on the lateral sides of the through hole 11 6. It is used to play the role of lateral stop in the working process.

Wherein, the vertical stop seat 5 can effectively reduce the vertical movement of the rail vehicle, thereby further improving the vertical stability of the vehicle running.

In order to ensure that the box-shaped beam 1 has sufficient supporting strength, a plurality of vertical support vertical plates are connected in the cavity. Of course, the box-shaped side beam 2 may also be provided with a support vertical plate.

In order to optimize the structure, a plurality of weight-reducing opening slots 12 are arranged at intervals on both longitudinal sides of the box-shaped beam 1 , and the openings of the weight-reducing opening slots 12 face outward, that is, toward the longitudinal sides of the box-shaped beam 1 ; The auxiliary crossbeam 3 is arranged at the place where the upper cover plate 4 is located at the weight-reducing opening groove 12, so as to facilitate the installation of the brake hanger 7 and the brake caliper.

In this embodiment, a braking device is also provided on the bogie frame, and the braking device includes a brake caliper. A brake disc is provided, and the brake caliper clamps the brake disc to realize braking, and the brake caliper is installed on a side close to the lateral centerline of the vehicle body. Wherein, the installation position of the brake caliper is located on the inner side of the inner spring plate 03 (that is, the side facing the transverse centerline of the vehicle body, and correspondingly, the outer side refers to the side away from the transverse centerline of the vehicle body).

Please refer to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the inner spring disc 03 and the outer spring disc 04 are arranged at the front and rear ends of the axle box 01 along the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body. There is an included angle between the center line between the inner spring disk 03 and the outer spring disk 04 and the longitudinal centerline of the box-shaped side beam 2, and the inner spring disk 03 moves away from the wheel in the transverse direction (that is, away from the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle body). direction) offset, so that the installation position of the inner spring plate 03 avoids the space occupied by the brake caliper, and the outer spring plate 04 is biased in the direction toward the wheel (that is, the direction toward the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle body) in the transverse direction. place. The offset angle and distance of the inner spring plate 03 and the outer spring plate 04 are the same to ensure that the center line between the inner spring plate 03 and the outer spring plate 04 still passes through the bearing center of the axle box 01 after biasing, thereby ensuring vertical The axial load will not be biased due to the bias of the spring plate.

After a large number of experimental verifications, the distance H of the lateral deviation of the inner spring disk 03 is preferably 30-50mm, the optimum value is 40mm, and the distance H of the lateral deviation of the outer spring disk 04 is preferably 30-50mm, the optimum value is 40mm, so that the effective avoidance distance of the inner spring disc 03 on one lateral side reaches 30-50mm, which reserves sufficient space for the structure of the brake caliper.

The spring assembly 05 is respectively installed on the inner spring plate 03 and the outer spring plate 04, and the spring assembly 05 is arranged between the side beam of the bogie frame and the axle box body 01 to transmit the vertical, longitudinal and transverse directions of the vehicle. force, vibration and noise reduction, and even distribution of vertical loads.

Spring assembly 05 is made up of spring upper clamping plate 06, spring lower clamping plate 07, steel circle spring 08 and buffer rubber stack 09 installed between spring upper clamping plate 06 and spring lower clamping plate 07. Wherein, the buffer rubber stack 09 is preferably but not necessarily in the form of a cylindrical laminated rubber spring. An anti-vibration rubber layer 010 is installed between the bottom of the spring lower splint 07 and the inner spring plate 03 or the outer spring plate 04, which plays the role of anti-vibration. An adjustment pad 017 for adjusting the installation height is also installed in the room. A vertical shock absorber 011 is also installed between the axle box body 01 and the side beam of the bogie frame.

In order to facilitate disassembly and assembly, the spring assembly 05 also includes a central sleeve 012. The central sleeve 012 is a sleeve structure with one end closed. There are 16 holes for bolts at one closed end. On the protruding guide column 013, there is an internally threaded hole 015 in the center of the guide column 013, and the center sleeve 012 and the guide column 013 are fixedly connected by bolts 16, and the bolts 16 pass through the bolt 16 holes at one end of the center sleeve 012 and The inner threaded hole 015 of the guide column 013 is connected to realize the fixed connection between the central sleeve 012 and the guide column 013 . At the center of the lower splint 07 of the spring, an upwardly protruding guide cylinder 014 is arranged, and the buffer rubber pile 09 is installed between the central sleeve 012 and the guide cylinder 014 .

In the present invention, the inner spring disk 03 and the outer spring disk 04 between the axle box body 01 and the box-shaped side beam 2 are biased to effectively solve the problem that the brake caliper occupies a large space and the axle box body 01 itself needs space. It solves the conflict between the basic braking structure of the EMU bogie and the space layout of the axle box 01, satisfies the lateral displacement requirements between the wheel set and the bogie frame to a large extent, and reduces the rotation of the bogie. At the same time, the axle box structure can effectively avoid the dynamic contour of the brake caliper, effectively improve the space utilization rate, and make the structure of the bogie compact.

In this embodiment, a connection end is provided on the box-shaped side beam 2 or the axle box body 01, a first toothed groove is provided on the mounting structure, and a second tooth matching the first toothed groove is provided on the connection end. shaped groove, and the installation structure and the connecting end are connected through the first toothed groove and the second toothed groove.

Please refer to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the connecting end is preferably the connecting arm 13; the connecting arm 13 is connected with a position regulating part, the second toothed groove is arranged on the position regulating part, and the position regulating part is inserted into the installation structure through the toothed groove connected, so that when the obstacle removal device 15 is worn, the installation height of the position adjustment part can be adjusted according to the degree of wear, thereby realizing the position adjustment of the obstacle removal device 15 in the height direction. Specifically, a chute can be provided on the connecting arm 13 , and the position adjusting part can slide up and down in the chute, and when it slides to the position to be adjusted, it can be fastened by fasteners such as bolts 16 .

The inner side of each box-shaped side beam 2 is also connected with a pair of tread cleaning seats 8; a pair of tread cleaning seats 8 are respectively located on the longitudinal sides of the box-shaped cross beam 1, and the space is rationally used for cleaning the treads.

In addition, an anti-snaking damper seat 9 and an anti-rolling torsion bar seat 10 are installed on the outer sides of a pair of box-shaped side beams 2 respectively, and the anti-snaking shock absorber seat 9 and the anti-rolling torsion bar seat 10 are integrally structured.

Both the anti-snaking damper seat 9 and the anti-rolling torsion bar seat 10 are arranged on the side beam, and both are located on the outside of the box-shaped side beam 2. This arrangement not only saves the space inside the entire bogie frame, but also reduces The load bearing burden of the box-shaped beam 1 is reduced, and the installation and maintenance of the anti-snaking shock absorber, the anti-snaking shock absorber seat 9 , the anti-rolling torsion bar and the anti-rolling torsion bar seat 10 are more convenient.

The anti-snaking damper seat 9 and the anti-rolling torsion bar seat 10 in this embodiment are preferably but not necessarily all forgings. Forgings replace welded parts, which avoids welds caused by welded structures, reduces the amount of weld grinding of the entire bogie frame, and solves the problem of difficult welding construction to a certain extent.

In this embodiment, a traction motor mounting base 17 is provided on the box-shaped beam 1 . Moreover, the traction motor mounting base 17 is elastically connected to the traction motor installed thereon.

The traction motor mounting base 17 is elastically connected to the traction motor installed thereon, thereby reducing the transmission of the vibration of the traction motor to the vehicle, reducing the stress at the joint between the traction motor mounting base 17 and the bogie frame, and improving the performance of the vehicle. stability.

Specifically, a rubber node is provided between the traction motor and the traction motor mounting base 17, so that the traction motor is elastically suspended on the traction motor mounting base 17, and the rubber node makes the vibration between the traction motor and the traction motor mounting base 17 in the lateral direction The upper decoupling increases the critical speed of the vehicle; the vibration transmission from the traction motor to the traction motor mounting seat 17 is reduced through the buffering and shock absorption effect of the rubber nodes, thereby reducing the vibration transmission to the crossbeam.

In FIG. 6 , motor hangers 16 can be respectively provided on both longitudinal sides of the box-shaped beam 1 for installing traction motors, so as to provide traction power for the bogie.

Further, the box-shaped beam 1 is provided with a motor transverse shock absorber mount 18, and the traction motor is disposed on the motor transverse shock absorber mount 18 through the motor transverse shock absorber.

The motor lateral shock absorber is used to reduce the vibration transmission of the traction motor to the beam in the lateral direction, thus providing a guarantee for the stable lateral operation of the rail vehicle.

In FIG. 7 , the traction motor mounting seat 17 is provided with a motor lateral stop mounting seat 19 , and the motor lateral stop mounting seat 19 is provided with a motor lateral stop of the traction motor.

The lateral stopper of the motor can effectively limit excessive lateral movement during the operation of the rail vehicle, further improving the stability of the vehicle operation.

In this embodiment, the bogie of the rail vehicle further includes double traction rods. This compact towing method with double traction rods can better meet the towing demand.

The rail vehicle bogie of this embodiment adapts to the TSI standard system export-type EMU bogie, strengthens informationization and intelligent functions, including dynamic stability, stability, comfort, fatigue damage; structural strength Fatigue damage and cracks; and the collection, analysis and judgment of information such as wheel out-of-roundness, track corrugation, bearing and other rotating parts faults.

The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various combinations, modifications or equivalent replacements of the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all should cover Within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (14)

1. A bogie of a rail vehicle, comprising a bogie frame, an axle box structure, an obstacle removal device and a sand spreading device, characterized in that, the bogie frame includes a box-shaped beam and a box-shaped side beam, and the box The transverse ends of the crossbeam are connected between a pair of box-shaped side beams arranged in parallel; the axle box structure is fixed on the bogie frame, and includes an axle box, and The inner inner spring plate and the outer spring plate arranged on the outside of the axle box, the center connection line between the inner spring plate and the outer spring plate passes through the bearing center of the axle box, and the inner spring plate is horizontally It is biased away from the wheel, and the outer spring plate is biased in the direction of the wheel in the lateral direction; the obstacle removal device and the sand spreading device are installed on the same installation structure, and the installation structure is connected to the steering wheel. frame or the axle box structure. 2. The bogie of rail vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, the box-shaped beam comprises an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate abutted with the upper cover plate to form a cavity, and the upper cover plate Auxiliary crossbeams perpendicular to the length direction of the box-shaped side beams are respectively connected to both sides of the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of brake hangers are connected to each of the auxiliary crossbeams at intervals; the middle part of the crossbeams is provided with a through hole penetrating up and down. 3. The rail vehicle bogie according to claim 2, wherein the box-shaped cross beam is welded to the inner side of the box-shaped side beam through the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate; The inner side of the side beam is correspondingly connected to the connection of the box-shaped cross beam with a connecting seat, and the connecting end of the connecting seat is matched with the connecting end of the box-shaped cross beam. 4. The bogie of rail vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, a spring assembly is respectively installed on the inner spring plate and the outer spring plate, and the spring assembly is composed of a spring upper splint, a spring lower splint, and is installed on the It consists of a steel round spring and a buffer rubber stack between the spring upper splint and the spring lower splint. 5. The bogie of a rail vehicle according to claim 4, wherein the spring assembly further comprises a central sleeve, and the central sleeve is sleeved on a guide post protruding downward from the center of the spring upper splint, An upwardly protruding guide cylinder is arranged at the center of the lower spring splint, and the buffer rubber stack is installed between the central sleeve and the guide cylinder. 6. The bogie of rail vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that, the box-shaped side beam or the axle box is provided with a connecting end, the mounting structure is provided with a first toothed groove, and the The connecting end is provided with a second toothed groove matching the first toothed groove, and the installation structure is connected to the connecting end through the first toothed groove and the second toothed groove through misalignment. 7. The rail vehicle bogie according to claim 1, wherein an anti-snaking damper seat and an anti-rolling torsion bar seat are respectively installed on the outer sides of a pair of box-shaped side beams, and the anti-rolling torsion bar seat The snaking shock absorber seat and the anti-roll torsion bar seat are integrated. 8. The rail vehicle bogie according to claim 1, wherein a pair of tread cleaning seats are connected to the inner side of each box-shaped side beam; a pair of tread cleaning seats are respectively located in the box-shaped longitudinal sides of the beam. 9. The bogie of a rail vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, the box-shaped beam is provided with a traction motor mounting seat, and the traction motor mounting seat is connected to the traction motor mounting seat The traction motor is elastically connected. 10. The rail vehicle bogie according to claim 9, wherein a rubber node is provided between the traction motor and the traction motor mounting seat. 11. The rail vehicle bogie according to claim 9, wherein the box-shaped beam is provided with a motor transverse shock absorber mount, and the traction motor is arranged on the motor through the motor transverse shock absorber. on the lateral shock absorber mount. 12. The rail vehicle bogie according to claim 9, characterized in that, the traction motor mounting seat is provided with a motor transverse stop mounting seat, and the traction motor is mounted on the motor transverse stop mounting seat motor lateral stop. 13. The rail vehicle bogie according to claim 9, wherein when the box-shaped beam includes an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate abutting with the upper cover plate to form a cavity, the upper cover plate Auxiliary beams perpendicular to the length direction of the box-shaped side beams are respectively connected to the longitudinal sides of the box-shaped side beams, and a plurality of brake hangers are connected to each of the auxiliary beams at intervals, and the middle part of the beams is provided with a through-hole that penetrates up and down. When opening a hole, the upper cover plate is respectively integrally formed with vertical stop seats on opposite longitudinal sides of the through hole. 14. The railway vehicle bogie according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the railway vehicle bogie further comprises double traction links.