CN108633638A - 一种减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法 - Google Patents
一种减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法。包括以下步骤:选地与整地、选种催芽、育苗、定植和种植管理。育苗采用专用营养土和喷洒抗菌液,减少育苗过程的病虫害并促进幼苗的健康生长,提高育苗成活率;施肥时,根据不同时期,采用根部施肥和叶面肥搭配施用,协同作用;定植后采取施加土壤杀虫剂和喷洒生物质杀虫剂的方法防治病虫害,减少病虫害的发生。该种植方法,通过育苗管理、定植管理和种植管理过程统一管理,有效控制保护南瓜生产中病虫害的发生,并改善南瓜品质,从而达到高效、高产、高质、无公害南瓜的种植。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水果种植技术领域,具体涉及一种减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法。
背景技术
南瓜,葫芦科南瓜属的一个种,一年生蔓生草本植物,茎常节部生根,叶柄粗壮,叶片宽卵形或卵圆形,质稍柔软,叶脉隆起,卷须稍粗壮,雌雄同株,果梗粗壮,有棱和槽,因品种而异,外面常有数条纵沟或无,种子多数,长卵形或长圆形。由于南瓜具有如淀粉蛋白质、胡萝卜素、维他命B、维他命C和钙、磷等多种有益成份,其被人们广受备注。
随着生活水平的提高,逐渐扩大南瓜的种植规模。由于规模化和专业化生产的需要,普遍存在高复种指数及多年连作等弊端,并因此极易产生细菌性缘枯病,白粉病,小地老虎,蚜虫和红叶螨等病害。为了维持高产量,菜农不得不靠大量使用农药来控制南瓜病害。另外,集中连年种植及长期不合理的施肥比例,使土壤营养比例失调,肥料的利用率不断下降,菜农必须靠投入大量肥料来维持南瓜高产。由于化肥、农药等化学品的大量使用,一方面造成土壤盐渍化、板结,地力严重退化,产量降低;另一方面病虫的抗药性越来越强,严重破坏了生态平衡,严重污染了环境,化学品残留和污染问题尤其凸显,破坏生物链,同时随着污染物的迁移和有毒物质在食物中的富集,对人身安全造成严重影响。
随着人们对健康饮食的认识和追求,对食品的食用安全和品质要求越来越高,因此,寻求一种安全、可靠,既提高产量,又保证品质的种植方法,具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的发明目的是,针对上述问题,提供一种减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法,有效控制保护南瓜生产中病虫害的发生,并改善南瓜品质,从而达到高效、高产、高质、无公害南瓜的种植。
为达到上述目的,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.选地与整地
选择光照充足、土质肥沃、排水良好且pH值为5.8~6.8的粘壤土作为种植地;翻耕35~40cm,去除种植地内的杂草和碎石,曝晒4~5天,再次翻耕25~30cm,结合翻耕每亩施入60~80kg的底肥。
S2.选种、催芽
选择选择耐寒性好、抗病性强、产量高的南瓜品种,挑选其中颗粒饱满的种子,用35~45%的酒精溶液浸泡10~15min,然后用清水洗净黏液,再放入清水中浸泡2~5min,取出,备用;然后放入催芽箱内催芽,保持温度为22~26℃,种子露白后准备播种。
S3.育苗
将步骤S2处理后的南瓜种子播种于育苗盘中,播种后铺设2~3cm厚的营养土;
南瓜育苗期间控制种植温度白天为26~28℃,夜间为18~20℃,播种5天后,每隔2~5天喷施一次质量浓度为1%~3%的抗菌液,喷施量为每株10~15g/次。
S4.定植
选择大小一致、2~4片真叶的南瓜幼苗,在晴天光照较弱时定植,定植摆苗时子叶方向保持一致,浇水;南瓜幼苗定植后缓苗6~8天,缓苗期间大棚白天上午温度控制在24~27℃,下午20~24℃,夜间18~20℃,浇水达到土壤饱和度75~85%。
S5.种植管理
整枝:当南瓜苗枝蔓长到20~30cm时,对瓜蔓进行整枝,保留瓜蔓主枝,除掉侧枝,当枝蔓40~60cm时,用土壤对瓜蔓进行压枝,枝蔓长到80~100cm时,再次对瓜蔓进行压枝。
施肥:定植后施加基肥和土壤杀虫剂。
开花后,每隔10~20天施加一次,施加有机肥,然后叶面喷洒富硒叶面肥Ⅰ,所述富硒叶面肥Ⅰ包括钾肥、微肥、硒肥、微肥和有机肥。
座果后,每隔5~10天施加一次,施有机肥和复合肥,然后叶面喷洒富硒叶面肥Ⅱ,所述富硒叶面肥Ⅱ包括钾肥、磷肥、微肥、硒肥和有机肥。
防虫害:定植后到植株基部第一批瓜采摘前,每隔4~6天用质量浓度为3%~5%的抗菌液喷施植株,喷施量为每株20~50g/次;结果后,每隔4~6天喷洒生物质杀虫剂。
优选的,步骤S1中,所述底肥按照重量份包括以下原料:塘泥30~40份,秸秆20~30份、动物粪便30~35份,贝壳粉15~20份,油粕20~30份,醋渣5~8份,堆肥发酵剂0.02~0.05份,硫酸亚铁5~10份,硫酸镁5~10份,硫酸铜0.5~1份,过磷酸钙5~10份,磷酸二氢铵8~15份。
优选的,步骤S3中,所述营养土按照重量份包括以下原料:泥土50~55份、腐熟肥8~15份、草炭土5~10份、风化煤5~10份、骨粉5~10份,蚯蚓粪8~15份、糖蜜3~5份、无机肥3~5份、固氮菌0.5~1份。
优选的,步骤S3和S5中,所述抗菌液按照重量份包括以下原料:海棠提取液1~5份、大蒜素1~5份、木槿提取液3~8份、龙胆草提取液1~3份、银柴胡提取液1~3份、柠檬油2~4份。
优选的,步骤S5中,所述土壤杀虫剂按照重量份包括以下原料:艾蒿提取物1~5份、狼牙皂10~15份、药鱼滕5~8份、夹竹桃提取物3~10份、氯氰菊酯3~6份、有机硅乳液15~20份和乙酸乙酯50~60份。
优选的,步骤S5中,所述富硒叶面肥Ⅰ包括按质量比为1~3:0.1~0.2:0.05~0.1:6~10的钾肥、微肥、硒肥和有机肥。
优选的,步骤S5中,所述富硒叶面肥Ⅱ包括按质量比为1~3:1~2:0.1~0.3:0.05~0.2:6~10的钾肥、磷肥、微肥、硒肥和有机肥。
优选的,步骤S5中,所述生物质杀虫剂按照重量份包括以下成分:金银花2~5份、桑树叶1~5份、半边莲1~3份、马齿苋5~10份、莲子草5~10份、花椒5~10份、桉叶油2~5份、柠檬草5~10份、烟草1~5份、银杏叶2~4份、丁香2~4份、生姜1~3份、印楝素2~5份、乳化剂1~3份、水30~40份。
优选的,步骤S5中,所述微肥包含以下成分:钙4~6%,钾5~10%,锌1~3%,铁1~3%,镁2~4%,铜0.2~1%,锰0.2~1%,钴0.01~0.05%,碘0.01~0.05%,硒0.01~0.03%,钼0.01~0.03%,铬0.01~0.03%,余量为水。
由于采用上述技术方案,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1.本发明减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法,通过整地、育苗管理、定植管理和种植管理过程统一管理,有效控制保护南瓜生产中病虫害的发生,并改善南瓜品质,从而达到高效、高产、高质、无公害南瓜的种植。
先用酒精浸泡南瓜种子,可有效消除南瓜种子表面的病菌,增加南瓜的种植的成活率,育苗采用专用营养土和喷洒抗菌液,减少育苗过程的病虫害并促进幼苗的健康生长,为以后的定植打下良好的基础。定植后采取施加土壤杀虫剂喷洒生物质杀虫剂的方法防治病虫害,减少病虫害的发生。
土壤杀虫剂采取多种中药混合,利用率高,杀虫和抗菌效果更好,而且药性温和,既能有效地杀灭土壤中的虫、菌、卵,而又不污染环境,对人畜基本无毒副作用,持效期长,用药量低,安全性高。生物质杀虫剂可以杀死叶面和瓜果虫害,而不对人体造成伤害,安全性高。其中,印楝树叶中的印楝素等成分是目前世界公认的广谱、高效、低毒、易降解、无残留的杀虫剂且没有抗药性,对几乎所有植物害虫,室内臭虫、跳蚤、苍蝇、蚊子等都具有驱杀效果。
2.本发明减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法,育苗时,采用专用营养土,能在瓜果种子育苗时提供足够的营养,促进种子萌发率。固氮菌除了促进幼苗根部对营养成分的吸收,防止肥料的流失外,还可以改善土壤团粒结构,防止土壤在缺水时板结,水多时透气性差的缺点;风化煤含有多种无机氧化物,质量较轻而且吸水性强,解决了营养土粘重不通气的问题,提高了营养土的育苗效果;无机肥和腐熟肥可提供更多的无机盐养分,进一步提高育苗效果。
3.本发明减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法,施肥时,根据不同时期,采用根部施肥和叶面肥搭配施用,协同作用,效果更佳,可以提高肥料的利用率和促进果实的生长。叶面肥中添加有硒肥和微肥,为南瓜生长提供所需的微量元素和硒元素,提高南瓜的食用价值和改善口感。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1
一种减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.选地与整地
选择光照充足、土质肥沃、排水良好且pH值为5.8~6.8的粘壤土作为种植地;翻耕35~40cm,去除种植地内的杂草和碎石,曝晒4~5天,再次翻耕25~30cm,结合翻耕每亩施入70kg的底肥。所述底肥按照重量份包括以下原料:塘泥35份,秸秆25份、动物粪便32份,贝壳粉18份,油粕25份,醋渣6份,堆肥发酵剂0.04份,硫酸亚铁8份,硫酸镁8份,硫酸铜0.8份,过磷酸钙8份,磷酸二氢铵10份。
S2.选种、催芽
选择选择耐寒性好、抗病性强、产量高的南瓜品种,挑选其中颗粒饱满的种子,用40%的酒精溶液浸泡12min,然后用清水洗净黏液,再放入清水中浸泡4min,取出,备用;然后放入催芽箱内催芽,保持温度为22~26℃,种子露白后准备播种。
S3.育苗
将步骤S2处理后的南瓜种子播种于育苗盘中,播种后铺设2~3cm厚的营养土;所述营养土按照重量份包括以下原料:泥土52份、腐熟肥10份、草炭土8份、风化煤8份、骨粉8份,蚯蚓粪10份、糖蜜4份、无机肥4份、固氮菌0.6份。
南瓜育苗期间控制种植温度白天为26~28℃,夜间为18~20℃,播种5天后,每隔2~5天喷施一次质量浓度为2%的抗菌液,喷施量为每株10g/次。
所述抗菌液按照重量份包括以下原料:海棠提取液3份、大蒜素3份、木槿提取液6份、龙胆草提取液2份、银柴胡提取液2份、柠檬油3份。
S4.定植
选择大小一致、2~4片真叶的南瓜幼苗,在晴天光照较弱时定植,定植摆苗时子叶方向保持一致,浇水;南瓜幼苗定植后缓苗7天,缓苗期间大棚白天上午温度控制在24~27℃,下午20~24℃,夜间18~20℃,浇水达到土壤饱和度75~85%。
S5.种植管理
整枝:当南瓜苗枝蔓长到20~30cm时,对瓜蔓进行整枝,保留瓜蔓主枝,除掉侧枝,当枝蔓40~60cm时,用土壤对瓜蔓进行压枝,枝蔓长到80~100cm时,再次对瓜蔓进行压枝。
施肥:定植后施加基肥和土壤杀虫剂。所述基肥按照重量份包括以下原料:艾蒿提取物3份、狼牙皂12份、药鱼滕6份、夹竹桃提取物5份、氯氰菊酯4份、有机硅乳液18份和乙酸乙酯55份。所述土壤杀虫剂按照重量份包括以下原料:艾蒿提取物3份、狼牙皂12份、药鱼滕6份、夹竹桃提取物5份、氯氰菊酯4份、有机硅乳液18份和乙酸乙酯55份。
开花后,每隔10~20天施加一次,施加有机肥,然后叶面喷洒富硒叶面肥Ⅰ,所述富硒叶面肥Ⅰ包括钾肥、微肥、硒肥、微肥和有机肥。所述富硒叶面肥Ⅰ包括按质量比为2:0.1:0.08:8的钾肥、微肥、硒肥和有机肥。
座果后,每隔5~10天施加一次,施有机肥和复合肥,然后叶面喷洒富硒叶面肥Ⅱ,所述富硒叶面肥Ⅱ包括钾肥、磷肥、微肥、硒肥和有机肥。所述富硒叶面肥Ⅱ包括按质量比为2:1:0.3:0.1:8的钾肥、磷肥、微肥、硒肥和有机肥。
所述微肥包含以下成分:钙4~6%,钾5~10%,锌1~3%,铁1~3%,镁2~4%,铜0.2~1%,锰0.2~1%,钴0.01~0.05%,碘0.01~0.05%,硒0.01~0.03%,钼0.01~0.03%,铬0.01~0.03%,余量为水。
防虫害:定植后到植株基部第一批瓜采摘前,每隔4~6天用质量浓度为4%的抗菌液喷施植株,喷施量为每株40g/次;结果后,每隔4~6天喷洒生物质杀虫剂。所述生物质杀虫剂按照重量份包括以下成分:金银花3份、桑树叶2份、半边莲2份、马齿苋8份、莲子草6份、花椒6份、桉叶油3份、柠檬草6份、烟草4份、银杏叶3份、丁香3份、生姜2份、印楝素3份、乳化剂2份、水35份。
实施例2
一种减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法,包括以下步骤;
S1.选地与整地
选择光照充足、土质肥沃、排水良好且pH值为5.8~6.8的粘壤土作为种植地;翻耕35~40cm,去除种植地内的杂草和碎石,曝晒5天,再次翻耕25~30cm,结合翻耕每亩施入60~80kg的底肥。所述底肥按照重量份包括以下原料:塘泥40份,秸秆30份、动物粪便35份,贝壳粉15份,油粕20份,醋渣8份,堆肥发酵剂0.05份,硫酸亚铁5份,硫酸镁10份,硫酸铜0.5份,过磷酸钙5份,磷酸二氢铵10份。
S2.选种、催芽
选择选择耐寒性好、抗病性强、产量高的南瓜品种,挑选其中颗粒饱满的种子,用40%的酒精溶液浸泡12min,然后用清水洗净黏液,再放入清水中浸泡5min,取出,备用;然后放入催芽箱内催芽,保持温度为22~26℃,种子露白后准备播种。
S3.育苗
将步骤S2处理后的南瓜种子播种于育苗盘中,播种后铺设3cm厚的营养土;所述营养土按照重量份包括以下原料:泥土55份、腐熟肥15份、草炭土5份、风化煤10份、骨粉10份,蚯蚓粪15份、糖蜜3份、无机肥3份、固氮菌0.5份。
南瓜育苗期间控制种植温度白天为26~28℃,夜间为18~20℃,播种5天后,每隔2~5天喷施一次质量浓度为1%~3%的抗菌液,喷施量为每株10~15g/次。所述抗菌液按照重量份包括以下原料:海棠提取液5份、大蒜素5份、木槿提取液3份、龙胆草提取液3份、银柴胡提取液3份、柠檬油4份。
S4.定植
选择大小一致、2~4片真叶的南瓜幼苗,在晴天光照较弱时定植,定植摆苗时子叶方向保持一致,浇水;南瓜幼苗定植后缓苗8天,缓苗期间大棚白天上午温度控制在24~27℃,下午20~24℃,夜间18~20℃,浇水达到土壤饱和度75~85%。
S5.种植管理
整枝:当南瓜苗枝蔓长到20~30cm时,对瓜蔓进行整枝,保留瓜蔓主枝,除掉侧枝,当枝蔓40~60cm时,用土壤对瓜蔓进行压枝,枝蔓长到80~100cm时,再次对瓜蔓进行压枝。
施肥:定植后施加基肥和土壤杀虫剂。所述土壤杀虫剂按照重量份包括以下原料:艾蒿提取物1份、狼牙皂15份、药鱼滕5份、夹竹桃提取物10份、氯氰菊酯3份、有机硅乳液20份和乙酸乙酯50份。
开花后,每隔10~20天施加一次,施加有机肥,然后叶面喷洒富硒叶面肥Ⅰ,所述富硒叶面肥Ⅰ包括钾肥、微肥、硒肥、微肥和有机肥。所述富硒叶面肥Ⅰ包括按质量比为3:0.1:0.05:10的钾肥、微肥、硒肥和有机肥。
座果后,每隔5~10天施加一次,施有机肥和复合肥,然后叶面喷洒富硒叶面肥Ⅱ,所述富硒叶面肥Ⅱ包括钾肥、磷肥、微肥、硒肥和有机肥。所述富硒叶面肥Ⅱ包括按质量比为3:2:0.3:0.2:10的钾肥、磷肥、微肥、硒肥和有机肥。
所述微肥包含以下成分:钙4~6%,钾5~10%,锌1~3%,铁1~3%,镁2~4%,铜0.2~1%,锰0.2~1%,钴0.01~0.05%,碘0.01~0.05%,硒0.01~0.03%,钼0.01~0.03%,铬0.01~0.03%,余量为水。
防虫害:定植后到植株基部第一批瓜采摘前,每隔4~6天用质量浓度为3%~5%的抗菌液喷施植株,喷施量为每株20~50g/次;结果后,每隔4~6天喷洒生物质杀虫剂。所述生物质杀虫剂按照重量份包括以下成分:金银花5份、桑树叶5份、半边莲1份、马齿苋10份、莲子草5份、花椒6份、桉叶油5份、柠檬草5份、烟草3份、银杏叶3份、丁香2份、生姜3份、印楝素5份、乳化剂1份、水30份。
对比例1
一种南瓜种植方法,步骤S1、S2和S3相同,步骤S4使用只使用复合肥和有机肥根部施肥,杀虫剂不使用土壤杀虫剂,喷洒常规杀虫剂。
对比例2
一种南瓜种植方法,步骤S1、S3和S4相同,育苗过程不喷洒抗菌液和营养土。
分别选取同地区、同面积的试验田,按照实施例1-2和对比例1-2的方法种植南瓜,并计算育苗患病率、育苗成活率、定植后患病率、农药残余(有机磷)和个体重量平均值、亩产量,数据如下表1。
表1不同实施例不对比例数据比较
从实施例1-2、对比例1-2和表1的数据,可以得出,采用本发明的种植方法种植南瓜,提高了育苗成活率和降低了定植后患病率,亩产量提高10~20%,个体重量提高5~10%,且食用安全性高。
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明,但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围。凡本发明所提示的技术构思下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更,均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.选地与整地
选择光照充足、土质肥沃、排水良好且pH值为5.8~6.8的粘壤土作为种植地;翻耕35~40cm,去除种植地内的杂草和碎石,曝晒4~5天,再次翻耕25~30cm,结合翻耕每亩施入60~80kg的底肥;
S2.选种、催芽
选择选择耐寒性好、抗病性强、产量高的南瓜品种,挑选其中颗粒饱满的种子,用35~45%的酒精溶液浸泡10~15min,然后用清水洗净黏液,再放入清水中浸泡2~5min,取出,备用;然后放入催芽箱内催芽,保持温度为22~26℃,种子露白后准备播种;
S3.育苗
将步骤S2处理后的南瓜种子播种于育苗盘中,播种后铺设2~3cm厚的营养土;
南瓜育苗期间控制种植温度白天为26~28℃,夜间为18~20℃,播种5天后,每隔2~5天喷施一次质量浓度为1%~3%的抗菌液,喷施量为每株10~15g/次;
S4.定植
选择大小一致、2~4片真叶的南瓜幼苗,在晴天光照较弱时定植,定植摆苗时子叶方向保持一致,浇水;南瓜幼苗定植后缓苗6~8天,缓苗期间大棚白天上午温度控制在24~27℃,下午20~24℃,夜间18~20℃,浇水达到土壤饱和度75~85%;
S5.种植管理
整枝:当南瓜苗枝蔓长到20~30cm时,对瓜蔓进行整枝,保留瓜蔓主枝,除掉侧枝,当枝蔓40~60cm时,用土壤对瓜蔓进行压枝,枝蔓长到80~100cm时,再次对瓜蔓进行压枝;
施肥:定植后施加基肥和土壤杀虫剂;
开花后,每隔10~20天施加一次,施加有机肥,然后叶面喷洒富硒叶面肥Ⅰ,所述富硒叶面肥Ⅰ包括钾肥、微肥、硒肥、微肥和有机肥;
座果后,每隔5~10天施加一次,施有机肥和复合肥,然后叶面喷洒富硒叶面肥Ⅱ,所述富硒叶面肥Ⅱ包括钾肥、磷肥、微肥、硒肥和有机肥;
防虫害:定植后到植株基部第一批瓜采摘前,每隔4~6天用质量浓度为3%~5%的抗菌液喷施植株,喷施量为每株20~50g/次;结果后,每隔4~6天喷洒生物质杀虫剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述底肥按照重量份包括以下原料:塘泥30~40份,秸秆20~30份、动物粪便30~35份,贝壳粉15~20份,油粕20~30份,醋渣5~8份,堆肥发酵剂0.02~0.05份,硫酸亚铁5~10份,硫酸镁5~10份,硫酸铜0.5~1份,过磷酸钙5~10份,磷酸二氢铵8~15份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,所述营养土按照重量份包括以下原料:泥土50~55份、腐熟肥8~15份、草炭土5~10份、风化煤5~10份、骨粉5~10份,蚯蚓粪8~15份、糖蜜3~5份、无机肥3~5份、固氮菌0.5~1份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤S3和S5中,所述抗菌液按照重量份包括以下原料:海棠提取液1~5份、大蒜素1~5份、木槿提取液3~8份、龙胆草提取液1~3份、银柴胡提取液1~3份、柠檬油2~4份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤S5中,所述土壤杀虫剂按照重量份包括以下原料:艾蒿提取物1~5份、狼牙皂10~15份、药鱼滕5~8份、夹竹桃提取物3~10份、氯氰菊酯3~6份、有机硅乳液15~20份和乙酸乙酯50~60份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤S5中,所述富硒叶面肥Ⅰ包括按质量比为1~3:0.1~0.2:0.05~0.1:6~10的钾肥、微肥、硒肥和有机肥。
7.根据权利要求1所述的减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤S5中,所述富硒叶面肥Ⅱ包括按质量比为1~3:1~2:0.1~0.3:0.05~0.2:6~10的钾肥、磷肥、微肥、硒肥和有机肥。
8.根据权利要求1所述的减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤S5中,所述生物质杀虫剂按照重量份包括以下成分:金银花2~5份、桑树叶1~5份、半边莲1~3份、马齿苋5~10份、莲子草5~10份、花椒5~10份、桉叶油2~5份、柠檬草5~10份、烟草1~5份、银杏叶2~4份、丁香2~4份、生姜1~3份、印楝素2~5份、乳化剂1~3份、水30~40份。
9.根据权利要求1所述的减少病虫害、提高南瓜产量的种植方法,其特征在于,步骤S5中,所述微肥包含以下成分:钙4~6%,钾5~10%,锌1~3%,铁1~3%,镁2~4%,铜0.2~1%,锰0.2~1%,钴0.01~0.05%,碘0.01~0.05%,硒0.01~0.03%,钼0.01~0.03%,铬0.01~0.03%,余量为水。
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