CN108631463B - Polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor - Google Patents
Polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN108631463B CN108631463B CN201710158031.3A CN201710158031A CN108631463B CN 108631463 B CN108631463 B CN 108631463B CN 201710158031 A CN201710158031 A CN 201710158031A CN 108631463 B CN108631463 B CN 108631463B
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- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 281
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 109
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001270131 Agaricus moelleri Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
- H02K1/165—Shape, form or location of the slots
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots
- H02K3/16—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots for auxiliary purposes, e.g. damping or commutating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
- H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor, wherein a rotor is provided with a plurality of permanent magnet poles, a stator winding comprises an armature winding and an auxiliary winding, the auxiliary winding is also connected with a control circuit for generating pulse current with controllable phase and frequency, and the control circuit outputs signals according to signals of the instant positions of the permanent magnet poles to control on-off time and/or phase of the pulse current, so that the excitation magnetic field of the auxiliary winding increases or decreases the flux linkage of an armature winding element and the change rate thereof, and the output power and the running efficiency of the motor are improved or the field weakening running of the motor is realized. The weak magnetic method avoids the reliability problem caused by the rotor excitation slip ring, does not influence the magnetic steel, and ensures the reliable operation of the motor. Meanwhile, the loss of the rotor magnetic circuit is not increased, and the effect of magnetization or weakening is better. The invention is especially suitable for the weak magnetic operation and the power generation operation of the motor and is also suitable for low-speed direct drive.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of motors, in particular to a permanent magnet motor.
Background
The permanent magnet motor has the advantages of high efficiency, high power density, simple structure, reliable operation and the like. Therefore, the permanent magnet motor is widely applied in the fields of industry, civil use, military use, aerospace and the like, such as a driving motor for an electric automobile, an air conditioner compressor, a wind driven generator, a mobile power supply and a generator in an aerospace vehicle. However, for the permanent magnet motor, the main air-gap field is generated by the permanent magnet, the performance of the permanent magnet determines the air-gap field, and the air-gap density is limited by the maximum density (such as 1.2T) of the silicon steel sheet, so that the air-gap field of the permanent magnet motor is difficult to adjust. When the permanent magnet motor is used as a generator, the terminal voltage of the permanent magnet motor can change along with the change of factors such as the load size, the load property or the rotation speed of the prime motor, so that the permanent magnet power generation is influenced; when a permanent magnet motor is used as a motor, it is difficult to obtain a wide speed regulation range. Therefore, the defect that the air gap field of the permanent magnet motor is difficult to adjust is limited to a certain extent, so that the wide application and popularization of the permanent magnet motor are limited.
In recent years, permanent magnet motors are beginning to be applied to electric automobiles and some heavy-duty equipment, and higher requirements are set for the motors: it is required to be able to operate at both high rotational speeds and to provide a large torque at low speeds. Because the characteristic of the permanent magnet motor is a constant torque characteristic, the requirements of a large speed regulation range and large torque are difficult to meet simultaneously. Therefore, various mixed excitation concepts are proposed, and a mixed excitation motor with various structural forms is invented to solve the problems of low speed, large torque and high speed and constant power. However, the performance of the hybrid excitation motors in the aspects of permanent magnet motor efficiency, expanding the speed regulation range of the permanent magnet motor and the like still need to be improved.
For example, when the permanent magnet motor for vehicle traction is in speed regulation operation, the motor is required to output constant power, the counter potential is higher than the power supply direct current voltage above the base speed, so that the motor cannot output power, and the injection current of a motor winding is required to be ensured by a method of reducing a magnetic field, which is called weak magnetic control. For permanent magnet motors, the phase angle of the power supplied by the motor windings is usually advanced, so that the air-gap field is weakened, but the method weakens the field due to armature current generated by the windings, the field weakening degree is relatively small, and the performance of the magnetic steel and the running stability of the motor are influenced. It has also been proposed to provide excitation windings on the magnetic steel side (on the motor rotor), control the excitation winding current, weaken the air gap field, and be called a compound excitation technique. A motor as shown in fig. 14, comprising a stator and a rotor, wherein the stator comprises a stator core 141 and a stator winding, and a stator winding corresponding conductor 145 is provided in a stator open slot; the rotor includes magnetic poles of rotor core 144, N pole and S pole alternate arrangement, is equipped with the open slot between two adjacent magnetic poles, and exciting winding' S conductor 142, 143 is established in the open slot, and τ is the polar distance, and the magnetic line of force passes two adjacent poles only. Since the exciting winding of the motor is arranged on the rotor, a power supply is connected to the exciting winding through the slip ring, so that the rotor rotates and is electrified through the slip ring, and the reliability is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor, which is particularly suitable for motor field weakening operation and power generation operation and is also suitable for low-speed direct drive by applying excitation current pulse to an auxiliary winding of a stator to generate an auxiliary magnetic field in the region of polarity mutation of air gap flux density and effectively strengthening or weakening the main magnetic field of the motor under the condition of not increasing the loss of a rotor magnetic circuit so as to greatly improve output instantaneous power or realize reliable field weakening operation.
The polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor comprises a rotor assembly and a stator assembly, wherein the rotor assembly is provided with a plurality of permanent magnet poles, the permanent magnet poles are alternately arranged according to N poles and S poles, and gaps are arranged between N poles and S poles of adjacent permanent magnet poles; the stator assembly comprises a stator core and a stator winding; wherein,
the stator winding comprises an armature winding (also called a main winding) and an auxiliary winding (also called an exciting winding), wherein the auxiliary winding is also connected with a control circuit for generating pulse current with controllable phase and frequency, and the control circuit outputs signals to control on-off time and/or phase of the pulse current according to the signals of the instant positions of the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets: when the armature winding conductor is positioned in the clearance area between the N pole and the S pole of the adjacent permanent magnet pole, pulse current with controllable phase and frequency is injected into the auxiliary winding, and the main magnetic circuit in the magnetic field generated by the auxiliary winding is equivalent to the leakage magnetic circuit of the armature winding, namely, most of the magnetic field generated by the auxiliary winding influences the armature winding (electric potential is induced in the armature winding).
The signal of the instant position of the permanent magnet pole can be acquired and transmitted to the control circuit in various ways.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the signal of the instantaneous position of the permanent magnet pole is obtained from the output winding conductor potential waveform: in the winding conductor potential waveforms, adjacent two zero potentials correspond to the armature winding conductor passing through adjacent N and S poles, respectively.
In other embodiments of the present invention, the signal of the instantaneous position of the permanent magnet poles is detected and provided by a rotor position sensor. That is, the stator assembly further includes a rotor position sensor for detecting an instant position of the permanent magnet poles and transmitting a signal of the detected instant position of the permanent magnet poles to the control circuit.
In the invention, the rotor position sensor can adopt a rotary transformer or a Hall element (Hall position sensor) to detect the magnetic pole position in the conductor potential reversing process and accurately control the current pulse time of the auxiliary winding. The position signal of the sensor is used for controlling the energizing and turn-off moments of the auxiliary winding.
According to still further embodiments of the present invention, when the stator assembly is a slotted stator, the number of stator slots is an integer multiple of the number of permanent magnet poles, preferably 2-4 times. For example, rotor 40 poles, 120 slots are used for the stator.
According to still further embodiments of the present invention, when the stator assembly is a slotless stator, the number of conductors of the armature winding distributed in the stator core is an integer multiple of the number of poles of the permanent magnet, preferably 2 to 4 times.
The number of poles and winding distribution of the rotor are cooperatively designed so that the rotor rotates past one pole, and a plurality of conductors are subjected to potential pulses caused by magnetic pulses in time sequence. The conductors in the slots are distributed according to the number of phases, and are connected in series to form a phase winding, and the phase winding can generate a plurality of potential pulses in the process that the rotor rotates by one pole, and further fit to form a sine wave.
Further, it is preferable that the number of permanent magnet poles in the rotor assembly is 40 or more.
In the invention, the permanent magnet is permanent magnet steel. The permanent magnet steel is a hard magnetic material magnet, a soft magnetic material magnet or a composite magnet composed of the hard magnetic material magnet and the soft magnetic material magnet.
According to further embodiments of the present invention, the stator assembly is a slotted stator, the stator slot width being less than the gap width of adjacent permanent magnet poles N and S and greater than 1/3 of the gap width of adjacent permanent magnet poles N and S.
By adopting the arrangement of the gap widths of the N pole and the S pole of the adjacent permanent magnet poles, the magnetic field generated by the region with polarity mutation of the air gap flux density (the region with minimum flux density and the gap region between the adjacent N-S of the rotor) can be utilized to the greatest extent, when the armature winding conductor is positioned in the region with polarity mutation of the air gap flux density, pulse current with controllable phase and frequency is injected into the auxiliary winding, the main magnetic circuit in the magnetic field generated by the auxiliary winding is equivalent to the leakage magnetic circuit of the armature winding, namely, most of the magnetic field generated by the auxiliary winding influences the armature winding (potential is induced in the armature winding), and the armature winding flux linkage can be enhanced or weakened instantly, so that the stator excitation can improve the power output or the field weakening effect.
In addition, the energy conversion unit can be connected to collect the stray energy of the armature winding, so that the energy conversion efficiency is improved, and the stator excitation is further enhanced, and the power output or the field weakening effect is improved. The energy conversion unit includes: a diode and a capacitor in series with the diode.
In still other embodiments of the present invention, the stator assembly is a slotted stator, the armature winding is comprised of one or more sets of serially connected coils, the conductors of the same set of coils being arranged in at least 1 layer in the same stator slot, and the number of conductors side-by-side per layer is no more than 2, while the conductors of more than 1 layer in at least one stator slot belong to the same set of coils. The width of the stator notch is smaller than the gap width of the N pole and the S pole of the adjacent permanent magnet pole and is larger than 1/3 of the gap width of the N pole and the S pole of the adjacent permanent magnet pole. When a plurality of groups of coils connected in series are arranged in the stator groove, continuous pulse electric energy is obtained after the coils are connected with the energy conversion unit.
In the invention, the auxiliary windings of the polygonal excitation motor can be divided into a plurality of groups according to the control requirement on the armature windings, and the auxiliary windings of each group can be respectively powered and controlled for realizing on-off at different moments. In the running state of the generator, the power supply can be powered by the direct current rectified by the output winding of the generator; in the motor operating state, the power supply may be rectified (or a dedicated battery) from the motor power supply.
In the invention, the auxiliary winding of the polygonal excitation motor adjusts current through a control circuit connected with the auxiliary winding, so as to control the pulse current amplitude of the auxiliary winding. The current has the functions of forward and reverse charging of the winding, winding amplitude control, winding discharging and the like. The current control of the auxiliary winding realizes the side excitation of the stator and the enhancement or weakening of the flux linkage of the armature winding so as to improve the output instantaneous power or realize the weak magnetic operation. In the running state of the generator, output voltage stabilizing control (adapting to the requirement of load change) is realized by adjusting the current of the auxiliary winding; in the motor working mode, constant torque output and constant power output are realized by adjusting the current of the auxiliary winding.
In the auxiliary winding of the polygonal excitation motor, the starting time of pulse current is related to the relative positions of the armature winding conductors and the permanent magnet poles. In the area that the armature winding conductor is positioned in the N-S gap of the rotor permanent magnet pole, the counter potential of the conductor is in the range of the reversing period (the counter potential of the armature winding is suddenly changed), pulse current with controllable phase and frequency is injected into the auxiliary winding, the armature winding loop is in a transitional process, resonance can be formed between the leakage reactance of the armature winding of the motor and the inter-turn capacitance by controlling the pulse phase and the frequency of the auxiliary winding, and stray electromagnetic energy such as flux leakage linkage energy, inter-turn capacitance energy and the like can be converted into output electric energy through resonance, so that the power output of the motor is further improved.
The polygonal excitation motor of the invention has a rotor assembled with permanent magnet steel (or soft magnetic material magnet), a stator winding comprising an armature winding and an auxiliary winding, and a rotor position sensor assembled simultaneously. In the operation of the motor, the energizing time and current of the auxiliary winding are controlled according to the signal of the instant position of the permanent magnet magnetic pole, and the magnetic field (armature winding flux linkage) of the motor is strengthened or weakened so as to improve the output instant power or realize the weak magnetic operation. Specifically, in a region where polarity abrupt change occurs in air gap flux density (i.e., a region where flux density is minimum, corresponding to a gap region between adjacent N-S of the rotor), excitation current pulses are applied to the stator auxiliary winding, and the main magnetic circuit in the magnetic field generated by the auxiliary winding corresponds to the leakage magnetic circuit of the armature winding, that is, most of the magnetic field generated by the auxiliary winding affects the armature winding (induces a potential in the armature winding): when the generated auxiliary magnetic field strengthens the main magnetic field of the motor generated by the armature winding, the flux linkage around the armature winding conductor and the change rate thereof can be instantaneously improved, thereby improving the electric potential of the motor winding to improve the power output; when the generated auxiliary magnetic field weakens the main magnetic field of the motor generated by the armature winding, the weak magnetic operation of the permanent magnet motor can be realized. Because the main magnetic circuit in the magnetic field generated by the auxiliary winding is equivalent to the leakage magnetic circuit of the armature winding, the loss of the rotor magnetic circuit can not be increased, and the effect of magnetism increasing or magnetism weakening is better. Moreover, the weak magnetic method not only avoids the reliability problem caused by the rotor excitation slip ring, but also does not influence the magnetic steel, thereby ensuring the reliability problem of the motor. In addition, when pulse current with controllable phase and frequency is injected into the auxiliary winding, resonance is formed between the leakage reactance of the armature winding of the motor and the inter-turn capacitance by controlling the pulse phase and frequency of the auxiliary winding, so that the collection of the stray energy of the armature winding is realized, and the power output of the motor can be further improved. The motor structure and the operation mode adopt double-sided excitation of the stator and the rotor, are particularly suitable for weak magnetic operation and power generation operation of the motor, are also suitable for low-speed direct drive, and have the advantages of high power density and high energy efficiency.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
unlike available mixed exciting motor, the present invention has auxiliary winding to excite and high frequency pulse current to the auxiliary winding to make the main magnetic circuit in the magnetic field formed by the auxiliary winding equal to the leakage magnetic circuit of the armature winding and to strengthen or weaken the armature winding magnetic field with the magnetic field formed by the auxiliary winding. The motor of the invention is adopted to excite, the loss of the rotor magnetic circuit is not increased, and the effect of magnetism increase or magnetism weakening is better. In addition, when the motor runs in a field weakening mode, the reliability problem caused by the rotor excitation slip ring is avoided, and adverse effects on the magnetic steel are avoided, so that the reliable running of the motor is ensured.
In addition, unlike the motor design and operation theory under the steady-state magnetic field condition utilized by the conventional motor, the invention is applied to the utilization of the magnetic pole gap area which is usually ignored in the prior art and the 'leakage magnetic circuit' which is avoided to the greatest extent, fully utilizes the characteristics of small magnetic pole alternation area and large magnetic field mutation of the magnetic steel of the alternating current motor, and promotes/weakens the armature winding flux linkage and the change rate thereof by optimizing the conductor size and the magnetic field distribution and controlling the auxiliary magnetic field pulse, thereby greatly improving the overall power density of the motor.
In addition, the auxiliary winding excitation excites a resonant circuit formed by armature winding leakage inductance and parasitic capacitance, so that the energy conversion efficiency is further improved; under the condition that the motor current is unchanged, the motor loss is relatively small due to the increase of the power density, and the motor efficiency is remarkably improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a rotor assembly in a first polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a stator assembly in a first polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a stator assembly in a second polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a stator assembly in a third polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an expanded view of the full pitch wave winding of the windings in the stator assembly of the first multilateral field permanent magnet motor of the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows the air-gap field distribution corresponding to the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet rotor in the polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor of the present invention (solid line is the air-gap field distribution without considering the influence of the stator slot; dotted line is the air-gap field distribution with considering the influence of the stator slot).
Fig. 8 shows the distribution of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet rotor and the magnetic field generated by the excitation of the stator auxiliary winding in the polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a waveform diagram of the armature winding conductor potentials (without considering stator slot effects) in a multi-sided excitation permanent magnet machine of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a waveform diagram of the armature winding conductor potentials (taking into account stator slot effects) in a multi-sided excitation permanent magnet machine of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of an excitation pulse current waveform of an auxiliary winding in the polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor of the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a control circuit for auxiliary winding exciting pulse current in the polygonal exciting permanent magnet motor of the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of charging and discharging time of exciting pulse current of an auxiliary winding in the polygonal exciting permanent magnet motor.
Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of a prior art excited permanent magnet motor.
Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of an energy conversion unit.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the present invention and to facilitate understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are provided for illustration only and are not intended to represent or limit the scope of the invention as claimed.
As shown in fig. 1-3, in one embodiment of the present invention, a first multi-sided excitation permanent magnet machine of the present invention (as shown in fig. 1) includes a rotor assembly 11 (as shown in fig. 2) and a stator assembly 12 (as shown in fig. 3).
The rotor assembly 11 includes a rotor core 22 and a plurality of tile-shaped magnets 21, the tile-shaped magnets 21 being uniformly distributed along the circumferential surface of the rotor core 22 and alternately arranged in N-pole and S-pole (i.e., -N-S-), with a gap between adjacent N-pole permanent magnets 13 and S-pole permanent magnets 14. At the gap there are a magnetic field abrupt region 15 corresponding to the N pole and a magnetic field abrupt region 16 corresponding to the S pole. The tile-shaped magnet 21 adopts radial magnetization permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet material can be hard magnetic or soft magnetic.
The stator assembly 12 includes a stator core, stator windings, and a rotor position sensor. The stator core includes a punched tooth 33, a punched yoke 34, and an open straight slot 31, the stator winding includes an armature winding and an auxiliary winding, and the stator winding conductor 32 (i.e., a stator winding corresponding conductor) layered in the open straight slot 31 includes an armature winding conductor 321 (i.e., an armature winding corresponding conductor) and an auxiliary winding conductor 322 (i.e., an auxiliary winding corresponding conductor). The rotor position sensor, not shown in the schematic, is arranged as is conventional in existing permanent magnet machines for detecting the instant position of the permanent magnet poles.
The auxiliary winding is also connected with a control circuit (not shown in the figure) for generating pulse current with controllable phase and frequency, the rotor position sensor transmits a signal of the detected instant position of the permanent magnet pole to the control circuit, and the control circuit outputs a signal to control the on-off time and/or phase of the pulse current:
when the armature winding conductor 321 is located in the gap region between the adjacent N-pole permanent magnet 13 and S-pole permanent magnet 14, pulse current of controllable phase and frequency is injected into the corresponding auxiliary winding conductor 322, and the main magnetic circuit in the magnetic field generated by the auxiliary winding corresponds to the leakage magnetic circuit of the armature winding, i.e. most of the magnetic field generated by the auxiliary winding affects the armature winding (electric potential is induced in the armature winding).
Specifically, the main magnetic circuit in the magnetic field generated by the auxiliary winding is stator tooth-yoke-other side stator tooth-air gap-stator tooth, and the magnetic circuit surrounds the corresponding armature winding conductor 321 without basically passing through the air gap and the rotor; the main magnetic circuit of the armature winding is stator tooth part-stator yoke part-stator tooth part-air gap-rotor yoke part-air gap-stator tooth part (or the stator tooth part, the air gap, the stator yoke part, the stator tooth part, the permanent magnet pole S pole and the rotor iron core are sent out from the permanent magnet pole N pole and finally return to the permanent magnet pole N pole), and the leakage magnetic circuit of the armature winding is stator tooth part-stator yoke part-other side stator tooth part-air gap-stator tooth part.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the stator assembly of the particular embodiments described above may be implemented using a variety of different types of stator assemblies to address a variety of different applications: for example, a slotted stator and a non-slotted stator may be adopted, and either the straight slot or the T-slot or the like in the above-described embodiment may be adopted in the slotted stator. Several different stator assembly configurations are shown by way of example in fig. 4-5 for further explanation.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the second multi-sided excitation permanent magnet machine of the present invention still employs a slotted stator assembly, differing from the first multi-sided excitation permanent magnet machine only in that the stator slots are T-slots 41. In fig. 4, the same components as those in fig. 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, a third multi-sided excitation permanent magnet machine of the present invention employs a slotless stator assembly. The stator assembly comprises: stator core, stator winding and rotor position sensor, wherein, stator winding conductor is fixed in the stator core, includes: adjacent armature winding conductors 321 and auxiliary winding conductors 322; the rotor position sensor, not shown in the schematic, is arranged as is conventional in existing permanent magnet machines for detecting the instant position of the permanent magnet poles.
In the three stator assemblies shown in fig. 3 to 5, the armature winding and the auxiliary winding are connected in a wave winding type. For the purpose of describing the windings in detail, an expanded view of a full pitch wave winding is given below by taking a slotted stator assembly with open straight slots as shown in fig. 3 as an example, and the characteristics of any layer of winding connection relationship are shown in fig. 6. 61. 62 is the phase windings of the 2 phases in the same layer and 63, 64, 65, 66 are the direction of the potential at a moment in the windings in the four adjacent slots. Fig. 6 illustrates the winding method of the armature winding, and the auxiliary winding may be the same winding method.
For convenience, fig. 6 is an example of a 2-phase motor, and in practice, the winding connection method described above is equally applicable to a 3-phase multiphase motor. And will not be described in detail herein.
The winding coupling described above is also applicable to winding couplings of T-slot slotted stator assemblies as shown in fig. 4 and 5, as well as surface winding conductor couplings of slotless stator assemblies.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the stator assembly shown in fig. 3 and 4, the stator slots in which the armature winding conductors 321 and the auxiliary winding conductors 322 are provided may be all stator slots or may be part of stator slots. In the case of the partial stator slots, the armature winding conductor 321 and the auxiliary winding conductor 322 are simultaneously provided in the partial stator slots, and only the armature winding conductor 321 is provided in the other stator slots. Of course, such an arrangement is also applicable to other slotted stators.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the stator assembly shown in fig. 3 and 4, rather than locating the auxiliary winding conductor 322 and the armature winding conductor 321 within the same stator slot, a separate slot or region may be provided adjacent each stator slot (in each of which the armature winding conductor 321 is located) for locating the auxiliary winding conductor 322. Of course, the stator slots may be all stator slots or some stator slots. The case for a partial stator slot is: an armature winding conductor 321 is arranged in each stator slot; meanwhile, for a portion of the stator slots, a separate slot or region is provided next to each stator slot for placement of the auxiliary winding conductor 322; whereas for other stator slots no separate slot or area is provided beside it. Of course, such an arrangement is also applicable to other slotted stators.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the stator assembly shown in fig. 5, the armature winding conductors 321, which are laterally (adjacently) provided with auxiliary winding conductors 322, may be all of the armature winding conductors 321 or may be part of the armature winding conductors 321. Specifically, it may be: (1) For all armature winding conductors, an auxiliary winding conductor 322 is provided next to (adjacent to) each armature winding conductor 321; or (2) for a portion of the armature winding conductors, an auxiliary winding conductor 322 is disposed next to (adjacent to) each armature winding conductor 321; while for other armature winding conductors the auxiliary winding conductor 322 may not be provided beside (adjacent to) it.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that it is even possible to combine the armature winding conductor 321 and the auxiliary winding conductor 322, for example, the upper section being the armature winding conductor 321 and the lower section being the auxiliary winding conductor 322.
In practice, as long as the armature winding and the auxiliary winding are arranged, the main magnetic circuit in the magnetic field generated by the auxiliary winding is equivalent to the leakage magnetic circuit of the armature winding, so that when the armature winding conductor 321 passes through the lower part of one magnetic pole (such as the N pole) and transits to the lower part of the other adjacent pole (the S pole), that is, the armature winding conductor 321 is positioned in the gap area between the adjacent N pole permanent magnet 13 and the S pole permanent magnet 14, the auxiliary winding corresponding to the armature winding conductor 321 is applied with current, and the on-off time and the current direction are controlled, so that an auxiliary excitation pulse magnetic field is generated.
In order to better understand the working principle of the polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the magnetic field generated by the polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor of the present invention, the corresponding conductor potential and the current control process will be analyzed and described below, and for convenience of understanding, the following is mainly taken as an example of a first type of polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor as shown in fig. 1 to 3:
the distribution of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet rotor corresponding to the air gap magnetic field is shown by the solid line in fig. 7, and a magnetic field abrupt change region exists in the permanent magnet magnetic pole alternate region (the air gap region corresponding to the magnetic pole) without considering the influence of the stator slot on the magnetic density; however, since the slot opening is relatively large, the magnetic density distribution is obviously influenced, and the influence of the slot opening of the stator needs to be considered, the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet rotor corresponds to the air gap magnetic field distribution as shown by the broken line in fig. 7.
The distribution of the magnetic field generated by the rotor permanent magnet and the magnetic field generated by the excitation of the stator auxiliary winding is shown in fig. 8. In fig. 8, 81 is the armature (main) winding conductor, 82 is the auxiliary winding conductor (here the stator winding conductor is arranged slightly differently from fig. 3, here the auxiliary winding conductor is arranged in a separate area next to the stator slot, but the same as the magnetic circuit created by the structure of fig. 3), 83 is the main magnetic circuit in the magnetic field created by the auxiliary winding excitation, is the stator tooth-yoke-other stator tooth-air gap-stator tooth, the magnetic circuit surrounds the corresponding armature winding conductor 81 without substantially passing through the air gap and the rotor; the primary magnetic circuit 84 generated by the permanent magnet, that is, the primary magnetic circuit of the armature winding, is the stator tooth-stator yoke-other side stator tooth-air gap-rotor yoke-air gap-stator tooth (or the stator tooth, stator yoke, stator tooth, air gap, permanent magnet pole S pole, rotor core, and finally the permanent magnet pole N pole are all sent out from the permanent magnet pole N pole), and the leakage magnetic circuit of the armature winding is the stator tooth-stator yoke-other side stator tooth-air gap-stator tooth. Therefore, the main magnetic circuit in the magnetic field generated by excitation of the auxiliary winding corresponds to the leakage magnetic circuit of the armature winding. When the auxiliary winding conductor 82 approaches the vicinity of the pole edge of the permanent magnet in the rotor assembly (i.e., the armature winding conductor 81 is in the gap region between the adjacent N-pole permanent magnets and S-pole permanent magnets), a pulse current is applied to the auxiliary winding, and the flux density is increased or decreased in the alternating region of the permanent magnet poles (the air gap region corresponding to the poles) by excitation of the auxiliary winding.
Accordingly, the permanent magnet motor armature winding conductor potential waveform is flat-top shaped as shown in fig. 9, because the flux density is relatively uniform under the poles, without considering the influence of the stator slot on the magnetic field thereof. In practice, the flux density distribution on the conductor is affected by the stator slot, so that the permanent magnet motor armature winding conductor potential waveform is shown in fig. 10, which is different from fig. 9, but corresponds to the flux density waveform shown by the broken line in fig. 7, taking into account the influence of the stator slot on the magnetic field. Further, when the auxiliary winding is excited in the alternating region of the permanent magnet magnetic poles (the air gap region corresponding to the magnetic poles) to cause the magnetic density to increase or decrease, the potential waveform of the armature winding conductor of the permanent magnet motor is correspondingly changed.
The pulse current injected into the auxiliary winding is the excitation pulse current of the auxiliary winding, the waveform diagram is shown in fig. 11, the current waveform is divided into three sections, the section t0-t1 is the current rising section of the winding from 0, the section t1-t2 is the current peak section, a numerical value or approximate stability can be maintained by control, the section t2-t3 is the current falling section, and the current is reduced until reaching zero by applying the voltage in the winding direction. Because the winding current can flow in two directions, the control can be performed according to different excitation direction requirements.
The auxiliary winding excitation pulse current is realized by a control circuit connected with the auxiliary winding. Fig. 12 shows an implementation of an auxiliary winding excitation current control circuit (module) of a permanent magnet motor according to the invention, comprising a miniature current transformer 1202 connected to an auxiliary winding 1201 of a phase, supplying the winding with adjustable positive (current) and negative (current) voltages, and controlling the current waveform of the auxiliary winding by Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).
Fig. 13 shows a schematic diagram of the charging and discharging moments of the auxiliary winding excitation pulse current. Ea is the a-phase potential and Eb is the b-phase potential. Corresponding to the winding conductor potential waveforms shown in fig. 9 and 10, the times T1 and T3 are the times when the winding conductor potential zero-crossing points under the N-pole and S-pole of the rotor, respectively. When the exciting current of the auxiliary winding reaches the maximum value at the time T1 (T3), the magnetic flux under the N (S) pole at the time T1 (T3) can be enhanced. In consideration of the current rising rate, the auxiliary winding needs to be energized in advance before the time T1 (T3). It follows that in the present invention, the timing of injecting the pulse current into the auxiliary winding can also be controlled according to the output winding conductor potential without providing a rotor position sensor.
In order to obtain better excitation control performance, the following elements may be further designed in the polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor.
For example, when the stator assembly is a slotted stator, an integer multiple of the number of stator slots and preferably 2 to 4 times the number of permanent magnet poles is provided. For example, rotor 40 poles, 120 slots are used for the stator. When the stator assembly is a slotless stator, the number of conductors of the armature winding distributed in the stator core is an integer multiple of the number of poles of the permanent magnet, preferably 2 to 4 times.
For example, the number of permanent magnet poles is set to 40 or more.
The number of poles and winding distribution of the rotor are cooperatively designed so that the rotor rotates past one pole, and a plurality of conductors are subjected to potential pulses caused by magnetic pulses in time sequence. The conductors in the slots are distributed according to the number of phases, and are connected in series to form a phase winding, and the phase winding can generate a plurality of potential pulses in the process that the rotor rotates by one pole, and further fit to form a sine wave.
For another example, for the arrangement of the gap widths of the adjacent permanent magnet poles N and S:
when the stator assembly is a slotted stator, the stator slot width is less than the gap width of the adjacent permanent magnet poles N and S and greater than 1/3 of the gap width of the adjacent permanent magnet poles N and S.
By adopting the arrangement, the magnetic field energy generated by the region with polarity mutation of the air gap flux density (the region with minimum flux density and the gap region between the adjacent N-S corresponding to the rotor) can be utilized to the greatest extent, when the armature winding conductor is positioned in the region with polarity mutation of the air gap flux density, pulse current with controllable phase and frequency is injected into the auxiliary winding, and the main magnetic circuit in the magnetic field generated by the auxiliary winding is equivalent to the leakage magnetic circuit of the armature winding, so that the armature winding flux linkage can be enhanced or weakened instantly, and the stator excitation power output improvement or field weakening effect can be realized.
In addition, the permanent magnet motor is connected with the energy conversion unit to collect stray energy of the armature winding, so that the energy conversion efficiency is improved, and the stator excitation is further enhanced, and the power output or the field weakening effect is improved.
For example, fig. 15 shows a structure of the above-described energy conversion unit, which is constituted by one diode and a high-frequency capacitor connected in series with the diode. The principle of energy harvesting during armature winding flux linkage changes occurring in the field abrupt region under generator operating conditions will be described below with reference to fig. 15:
the diode has unidirectional conductivity, and the on direction and the off direction of the diode are opposite. And when the conductor moves to a region where polarity mutation occurs in the air gap flux density, the potential generated by the conductor changes from one direction to the other. Therefore, one direction of the potential generated by the conductor coincides with the diode on direction, and the other direction coincides with the diode off direction.
When the relative motion of the conductor and the magnetic field to cut magnetic force lines and the direction of electric potential generated by entering a magnetic pole is consistent with the conduction direction of a diode in the energy conversion unit, the energy generated by the conductor charges a capacitor through the diode, inductive potential energy (the electric potential of an armature winding conductor under the excitation of an auxiliary winding) generated by the motion in the magnetic field and magnetic field energy corresponding to leakage reactance are stored in the capacitor, the voltage direction on the capacitor is opposite to the electric potential direction, and the current on the capacitor continuously changes due to the existence of inductive reactance on the conductor;
when the conductor and the magnetic field continue to generate relative motion of cutting magnetic force lines and enter another magnetic field polarity (another adjacent permanent magnet steel), the direction of the generated potential of the conductor changes, the direction of the generated potential is consistent with the interception direction of the diode, the voltage on the diode (the polarity is opposite to the conduction direction of the diode) is consistent with the voltage polarity on the capacitor, the voltage on the diode (the polarity is opposite to the conduction direction of the diode) is the capacitance voltage, the induced potential of the magnetic field in the conductor (the potential of the armature winding conductor excited by the auxiliary winding) and the stray potential corresponding to the leakage reactance of the conductor are overlapped, and the pulse voltage is a pulse voltage which is greatly higher than the conductor potential in waveform, and at the moment, the three energies of the capacitance energy, the potential energy generated by the motion in the magnetic field part and the magnetic field energy corresponding to the conductor are output through the capacitor.
Thus, by connecting the permanent magnet motor with the energy conversion unit, a continuous collection of energy for the armature winding as well as stray energy can be achieved.
Further, in order to obtain continuous pulse electric energy after connection with the energy conversion unit, in the above arrangement, when the stator assembly is a slotted stator, the armature winding is composed of a plurality of groups of coils connected in series, conductors of the same group of coils in the same stator slot are arranged in at least 1 layer, the number of the conductors of each layer side by side is not more than 2, and at least 1 layer (for example, 2 layers, 4 layers and other even layers) of conductors in at least one stator slot belong to the same group of coils.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, in the polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor described above, the permanent magnets are permanent magnet steels. The permanent magnet steel may be a hard magnetic material magnet, a soft magnetic material magnet, or a composite magnet composed of a hard magnetic material magnet and a soft magnetic material magnet.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, in the polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor, the rotor position sensor may use a resolver or a hall element (hall position sensor), so as to detect the magnetic pole position during the conductor potential reversing process, and accurately control the current pulse time of the auxiliary winding. The position signal of the sensor is used for controlling the energizing and turn-off moments of the auxiliary winding.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the auxiliary windings of the polygonal excitation motor can be divided into a plurality of groups according to the control requirement on the armature windings, and each group of auxiliary windings can be respectively supplied with power and controlled for realizing on-off at different moments. In the running state of the generator, the power supply can be powered by the direct current rectified by the output winding of the generator; in the motor operating state, the power supply may be rectified (or a dedicated battery) from the motor power supply.
The auxiliary winding of the polygonal excitation motor adjusts current through a control circuit connected with the auxiliary winding, so that the pulse current amplitude of the auxiliary winding is controlled. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the pulse current has the functions of winding forward and reverse charging, winding amplitude control, winding discharging, etc. The current control of the auxiliary winding realizes the side excitation of the stator and the enhancement or weakening of the flux linkage of the armature winding so as to improve the output instantaneous power or realize the weak magnetic operation. In the running state of the generator, output voltage stabilizing control (adapting to the requirement of load change) is realized by adjusting the current of the auxiliary winding; in the motor working mode, constant torque output and constant power output are realized by adjusting the current of the auxiliary winding.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the start time of the pulse current of the auxiliary winding of the polygonal field motor described above is related to the relative positions of the armature winding conductors and the permanent magnet poles. And during the period that the armature winding conductor is positioned in the N-S gap area of the rotor permanent magnet pole, the counter electromotive force of the conductor is positioned in the reversing (the counter electromotive force of the armature winding is suddenly changed), pulse current with controllable phase and frequency is injected into the auxiliary winding, the armature winding loop is transited, resonance can be formed between the leakage reactance (Lr) and the inter-turn capacitance (Cr) of the armature winding of the motor by controlling the pulse phase and the frequency of the auxiliary winding, and stray electromagnetic energy such as the flux leakage linkage energy, the inter-turn capacitance energy and the like can be converted into output electric energy through resonance, so that the power output of the motor is further improved.
The motor of the invention is adopted to excite, the loss of the rotor magnetic circuit is not increased, and the effect of magnetism increase or magnetism weakening is better. In addition, when the motor runs in a field weakening mode, the reliability problem caused by the rotor excitation slip ring is avoided, and adverse effects on the magnetic steel are avoided, so that the reliable running of the motor is ensured. Moreover, the invention can greatly improve the overall power density of the motor and the motor efficiency.
It will thus be seen that the objects of the present invention have been fully and effectively attained. The functional and structural principles of the present invention have been shown and described in the examples and embodiments may be modified at will without departing from such principles. The invention encompasses all modifications and embodiments based on the spirit and scope of the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. The polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor comprises a rotor assembly and a stator assembly, wherein the rotor assembly is provided with a plurality of permanent magnet poles, the permanent magnet poles are alternately arranged according to N poles and S poles, and gaps are arranged between N poles and S poles of adjacent permanent magnet poles; the stator assembly comprises a stator core and a stator winding; the method is characterized in that:
the stator winding comprises an armature winding and an auxiliary winding, the auxiliary winding is also connected with a control circuit for generating pulse current with controllable phase and frequency, and the control circuit outputs signals to control on-off time and/or phase of the pulse current according to the signals of the instant positions of the permanent magnet poles: when the armature winding conductor is positioned in the gap area between the N pole and the S pole of the adjacent permanent magnet pole, pulse current with controllable phase and frequency is injected into the auxiliary winding, and a main magnetic circuit in a magnetic field generated by the auxiliary winding is equivalent to a leakage magnetic circuit of the armature winding; the pulse phase and the pulse frequency of the auxiliary winding are controlled, so that resonance is formed between the leakage reactance of the armature winding of the motor and the turn-to-turn capacitance;
the stator assembly further includes a rotor position sensor for detecting an instantaneous position of the permanent magnet poles and transmitting a signal of the detected instantaneous position of the permanent magnet poles to the control circuit.
2. A multilateral excitation permanent magnet motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: the auxiliary windings are divided into a plurality of groups, and the control circuit controls the auxiliary windings of each group individually.
3. A multilateral excitation permanent magnet motor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: when the stator assembly is a slotted stator, the number of stator slots is an integer multiple of the number of permanent magnet poles; when the stator assembly is a slotless stator, the number of conductors of the armature winding distributed on the stator core is an integer multiple of the number of permanent magnet poles.
4. A multilateral excitation permanent magnet motor according to claim 3, characterized in that: the integral multiple is 2-4 times.
5. A multilateral excitation permanent magnet motor according to claim 3, characterized in that: the number of the permanent magnet poles is more than 40.
6. A multilateral excitation permanent magnet motor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that:
the stator assembly is a slotted stator, and the width of the notch of the stator is smaller than the gap width of the N pole and the S pole of the adjacent permanent magnet pole and is larger than 1/3 of the gap width of the N pole and the S pole of the adjacent permanent magnet pole.
7. A multilateral excitation permanent magnet motor according to claim 6, characterized in that: the stator assembly is a slotted stator, the armature winding is composed of one or more groups of coils connected in series, the number of conductors in the same stator slot of the same group of coils is at least 1 layer, the number of conductors in each layer side by side is not more than 2, and simultaneously, the number of conductors in at least one stator slot, which exceeds 1 layer, belongs to the same group of coils.
8. A multilateral excitation permanent magnet motor according to claim 6, characterized in that: the polygonal excitation permanent magnet motor armature winding is connected with an energy conversion unit, and the energy conversion unit comprises: a diode and a capacitor in series with the diode.
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| CN109617373A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-04-12 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of synchronous motor and starting method of based superconductive permanent magnetism mixed rotor magnet |
| CN113964991B (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-09-13 | 郑州轻工业大学 | Motor stator structure of surrounding type secondary winding and fault-tolerant operation |
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