CN108626579A - A kind of oil pipeline wax deposition quantity measuring method based on pressure wave method - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000004018 waxing Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
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Abstract
一种基于压力波法的输油管道结蜡量测定方法，属于流体力学研究技术领域。当管道中的流体充分发展，流态达到紊态后，在t时刻快速关闭管道下游的阀门在管道中产生瞬变流动，在t+Δt时刻水击波传播到结蜡段右边缘发生反射；以结蜡段右边缘处的入射波和反射波为研究对象，得到瞬态时入射波ΔHW和反射波ΔHF的大小即可求出结蜡面积的大小。本发明的优点是：从理论上进一步研究用压力波法确定堵塞量的方法，实现用压力波法对结蜡量进行辨识，该方法可有效检测结蜡量，为管理者进行排堵作业提供有意义的指导信息，大大减少排堵工作中的人力、物力损失和堵塞所造成的经济损失，对检测管道堵塞问题具有实际意义。
The invention discloses a method for measuring the amount of wax deposited in an oil pipeline based on a pressure wave method, which belongs to the technical field of fluid mechanics research. When the fluid in the pipeline is fully developed and the flow state reaches a turbulent state, the valve downstream of the pipeline is quickly closed at time t to generate a transient flow in the pipeline, and the water shock wave propagates to the right edge of the wax deposition section at time t+Δt for reflection; Taking the incident wave and reflected wave at the right edge of the waxing section as the research object, the magnitude of the incident wave ΔH W and the reflected wave ΔHF in the transient state can be obtained to calculate the size of the waxing area. The advantages of the present invention are: theoretically further study the method of using the pressure wave method to determine the clogging amount, and realize the identification of the wax deposition amount by the pressure wave method. Meaningful guidance information can greatly reduce the manpower and material loss in the blockage removal work and the economic loss caused by the blockage, and has practical significance for detecting the problem of pipeline blockage.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于流体力学研究技术领域，具体涉及一种基于压力波法的输油管道结蜡量测定方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of fluid mechanics research, and in particular relates to a method for measuring wax deposition in oil pipelines based on a pressure wave method.
背景技术Background technique
通常所说的“结蜡”实际上是指管道内壁上沉积了某一厚度的石蜡、胶质、凝油、砂和其他机械杂质的混合物。由于管道结蜡，使管道内径变小，管道沿程摩擦阻力增加，输送能力下降。为了确保管道的输送能力，管道要定期进行清管，而结蜡量的大小对制定清管周期起着决定作用。限于目前的测量技术，还没有比较完善的描述管道内壁结蜡的公式，若结蜡量未知，清管时可能会造成不必要的资源浪费。因此，一种能够检测结蜡量大小的技术亟需研发并投入使用。The so-called "waxing" actually refers to the deposition of a certain thickness of paraffin, colloid, condensate, sand and other mechanical impurities on the inner wall of the pipeline. Due to the wax deposition in the pipeline, the inner diameter of the pipeline becomes smaller, the frictional resistance along the pipeline increases, and the conveying capacity decreases. In order to ensure the transportation capacity of the pipeline, the pipeline should be pigged regularly, and the amount of wax deposition plays a decisive role in the formulation of the pigging cycle. Limited to the current measurement technology, there is no relatively complete formula to describe the wax deposition on the inner wall of the pipeline. If the amount of wax deposition is unknown, it may cause unnecessary waste of resources during pigging. Therefore, a technology capable of detecting the amount of wax deposition needs to be developed and put into use.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是为了解决目前没有一种有效检测结腊量的方法，进而清管时有可能造成不必要资源浪费的问题，提供一种基于压力波法的输油管道结蜡量测定方法，该方法有效、实用。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem that there is no effective method for detecting the amount of wax deposition at present, and the problem of unnecessary waste of resources may be caused during pigging, and to provide a method for measuring the amount of wax deposition in oil pipelines based on the pressure wave method. The method is effective and practical.
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows:
一种基于压力波法的输油管道结蜡量测定方法，所述方法具体如下：A method for measuring the amount of wax deposition in oil pipelines based on the pressure wave method, the method is specifically as follows:
当管道中的流体充分发展，流态达到紊态后，在t时刻快速关闭管道下游的阀门，阀门开启或关闭用时不大于0.15s，压力波波速a＝1000m/s，则阀门距离结蜡段的距离L应满足：2L/a<t，故L距离堵塞段的距离应小于75m；在管道中产生瞬变流动，在t+Δt时刻水击波传播到结蜡段右边缘发生反射；以结蜡段右边缘处的入射波和反射波为研究对象，并忽略变径引起的局部阻力损失；When the fluid in the pipeline is fully developed and the flow state reaches a turbulent state, quickly close the valve downstream of the pipeline at time t. The time for the valve to open or close is not more than 0.15s, and the pressure wave velocity a = 1000m/s. The distance L should satisfy: 2L/a<t, so the distance between L and the plugging section should be less than 75m; transient flow will be generated in the pipeline, and the water shock wave will propagate to the right edge of the waxing section at time t+Δt for reflection; The incident wave and reflected wave at the right edge of the waxing section are the research objects, and the local resistance loss caused by diameter change is ignored;
沿着特征线基于特征线法列出相应的相容性方程；List the corresponding compatibility equations along the characteristic line based on the characteristic line method;
Hj＝H0-B1(Qj-Q0) (1)H j ＝H 0 -B 1 (Q j -Q 0 ) (1)
Hj＝HW+B2(Qj-QW) (2)H j ＝H W +B 2 (Q j -Q W ) (2)
HW＝H0-B2(QW-Q0) (3)H W ＝H 0 -B 2 (Q W -Q 0 ) (3)
上式中，Hj为堵塞位置处的振幅，m；H0为阀门局部阻力损失，m；Qj为堵塞位置处的流量，m3/s；Q0为流动达到紊态时的流量，m3/s；HW为入射波的振幅，m；QW为堵塞位置后的流量，m3/s；B为计算常数，其中，a为压力波波速，g为重力加速度，A分别取A1，A2，得到B1，B2，A1为管道堵塞段的横截面积，m2；A2为其他管段的横截面积，m2；In the above formula, H j is the amplitude at the blockage position, m; H 0 is the local resistance loss of the valve, m; Q j is the flow rate at the blockage position, m 3 /s; Q 0 is the flow rate when the flow reaches turbulent state, m 3 /s; H W is the amplitude of the incident wave, m; Q W is the flow after the blocking position, m 3 /s; B is the calculation constant, Among them, a is the pressure wave velocity, g is the gravitational acceleration, A takes A 1 and A 2 respectively to obtain B 1 and B 2 , A 1 is the cross-sectional area of the blocked section of the pipeline, m 2 ; A 2 is the cross-sectional area of other pipe sections Cross-sectional area, m 2 ;
则总反射波的振幅ΔHR、反射波的振幅ΔHF、透射波的振幅ΔHT和总入射波的振幅ΔHW的大小分别为：ΔHR＝Hj-H0，ΔHF＝Hj-Hw，ΔHT＝Hj-H0，ΔHW＝HW-H0，在此特征线情况下，ΔHR和ΔHT的计算公式相同；Then the amplitude of the total reflected wave ΔH R , the amplitude of the reflected wave ΔH F , the amplitude of the transmitted wave ΔH T and the amplitude of the total incident wave ΔH W are respectively: ΔH R ＝H j -H 0 , ΔH F ＝H j - H w , ΔH T ＝H j -H 0 , ΔH W ＝H W -H 0 , in the case of this characteristic line, the calculation formulas of ΔH R and ΔH T are the same;
式(1)～式(3)整理得：(B1+B2)Qj＝H0-HW+B2QW+B1Q0(4)Formula (1)～Formula (3) can be sorted out: (B 1 +B 2 )Q j ＝H 0 -H W +B 2 Q W +B 1 Q 0 (4)
由式(3)得， From formula (3), we get,
将式(6)带入式(5)得： Put formula (6) into formula (5) to get:
又因为 also because
式(7)代入式(8)中得， Formula (7) is substituted into formula (8) to get,
又因为 also because
则(9)式可整理为： Then formula (9) can be organized as:
上式(10)中，A1为管道堵塞段的横截面积，m2；A2为其他管段的横截面积，m2；根据该式中总入射波的振幅ΔHW和反射波的振幅ΔHF的大小即可求出管道堵塞段的横截面积A1，进而求出堵塞面积的大小。In the above formula (10), A 1 is the cross-sectional area of the blocked section of the pipeline, m 2 ; A 2 is the cross-sectional area of other pipe sections, m 2 ; according to the amplitude ΔH W of the total incident wave and the amplitude of the reflected wave in this formula The size of ΔHF can be used to calculate the cross-sectional area A 1 of the blocked section of the pipeline, and then calculate the size of the blocked area.
本发明相对于现有技术的有益效果是：本发明从理论上进一步研究用压力波法确定结蜡堵塞量的方法，实现用压力波法对结蜡量进行辨识，该方法可有效检测结蜡量，为管理者进行排堵作业提供有意义的指导信息，大大减少排堵工作中的人力、物力损失和堵塞所造成的经济损失，对检测管道堵塞问题具有实际意义。The beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art are: the present invention theoretically further studies the method of determining the amount of wax deposition by using the pressure wave method, realizes the identification of the amount of wax deposition by using the pressure wave method, and the method can effectively detect the wax deposition It can provide meaningful guidance information for managers to carry out blockage removal operations, greatly reduce the manpower and material losses and economic losses caused by blockages in the blockage removal work, and has practical significance for detecting pipeline blockages.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明检测结蜡量大小原理图；Fig. 1 is the principle diagram of the present invention's detection of the amount of wax deposition;
图2为本发明结蜡量检测装置示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the wax deposition detection device of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案作进一步的说明，但并不局限于此，凡是对本发明技术方案进行修正或等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神范围，均应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之中。The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but it is not limited thereto. Any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the technical solution of the present invention should be covered by the technical solution of the present invention. within the scope of protection.
具体实施方式一：本实施方式记载的是一种基于压力波法的输油管道结蜡量测定方法，所述方法具体如下：Specific embodiment 1: What this embodiment records is a method for measuring the amount of wax deposition in oil pipelines based on the pressure wave method. The method is specifically as follows:
当管道中的流体充分发展，流态达到紊态后，在t时刻快速关闭管道下游的阀门，阀门开启或关闭用时不大于0.15s，压力波波速a＝1000m/s，则阀门距离结蜡段的距离L应满足：2L/a＞t，故L距离堵塞段的距离应大于75m；在管道中产生瞬变流动，在t+Δt时刻水击波传播到结蜡段右边缘发生反射；图1展示了结蜡段右端的波传递情况。管道结蜡段的横截面积为A1，其他管段的横截面积为A2，流动达到紊态时的流量是Q0。t时刻在管道末端快速关阀产生瞬变，在t+Δt时刻水击波传播到结蜡段右边缘发生反射。在推导过程中以结蜡段右边缘处的入射波和反射波为研究对象，并忽略变径引起的局部阻力损失；When the fluid in the pipeline is fully developed and the flow state reaches a turbulent state, quickly close the valve downstream of the pipeline at time t. The time for the valve to open or close is not more than 0.15s, and the pressure wave velocity a = 1000m/s. The distance L should satisfy: 2L/a>t, so the distance between L and the blockage section should be greater than 75m; transient flow is generated in the pipeline, and the water shock wave propagates to the right edge of the wax section at time t+Δt and is reflected; Fig. 1 shows the wave propagation at the right end of the waxing segment. The cross-sectional area of the waxing section of the pipeline is A 1 , the cross-sectional area of other pipe sections is A 2 , and the flow rate when the flow reaches turbulent state is Q 0 . At time t, the valve is quickly closed at the end of the pipeline to generate a transient, and at time t+Δt the water shock wave propagates to the right edge of the waxing section and is reflected. In the derivation process, the incident wave and reflected wave at the right edge of the waxing section are taken as the research object, and the local resistance loss caused by diameter change is ignored;
沿着特征线基于特征线法列出相应的相容性方程；List the corresponding compatibility equations along the characteristic line based on the characteristic line method;
Hj＝H0-B1(Qj-Q0) (1)H j ＝H 0 -B 1 (Q j -Q 0 ) (1)
Hj＝HW+B2(Qj-QW) (2)H j ＝H W +B 2 (Q j -Q W ) (2)
HW＝H0-B2(QW-Q0) (3)H W ＝H 0 -B 2 (Q W -Q 0 ) (3)
上式中，Hj为堵塞位置处的振幅，m；H0为阀门局部阻力损失，m；Qj为堵塞位置处的流量，m3/s；Q0为流动达到紊态时的流量，m3/s；HW为入射波的振幅，m；QW为堵塞位置后的流量，m3/s；B为计算常数，其中，a为压力波波速，g为重力加速度，A分别取A1，A2，得到B1，B2，A1为管道堵塞段的横截面积，m2；A2为其他管段的横截面积，m2；In the above formula, H j is the amplitude at the blockage position, m; H 0 is the local resistance loss of the valve, m; Q j is the flow rate at the blockage position, m 3 /s; Q 0 is the flow rate when the flow reaches turbulent state, m 3 /s; H W is the amplitude of the incident wave, m; Q W is the flow after the blocking position, m 3 /s; B is the calculation constant, Among them, a is the pressure wave velocity, g is the gravitational acceleration, A takes A 1 and A 2 respectively to obtain B 1 and B 2 , A 1 is the cross-sectional area of the blocked section of the pipeline, m 2 ; A 2 is the cross-sectional area of other pipe sections Cross-sectional area, m 2 ;
则总反射波的振幅ΔHR、反射波的振幅ΔHF、透射波的振幅ΔHT和总入射波的振幅ΔHW的大小分别为：ΔHR＝Hj-H0，ΔHF＝Hj-Hw，ΔHT＝Hj-H0，ΔHW＝HW-H0，在此特征线情况下，ΔHR和ΔHT的计算公式相同；Then the amplitude of the total reflected wave ΔH R , the amplitude of the reflected wave ΔH F , the amplitude of the transmitted wave ΔH T and the amplitude of the total incident wave ΔH W are respectively: ΔH R ＝H j -H 0 , ΔH F ＝H j - H w , ΔH T ＝H j -H 0 , ΔH W ＝H W -H 0 , in the case of this characteristic line, the calculation formulas of ΔH R and ΔH T are the same;
式(1)～式(3)整理得：(B1+B2)Qj＝H0-HW+B2QW+B1Q0 (4)Formula (1)～Formula (3) can be sorted out: (B 1 +B 2 )Q j ＝H 0 -H W +B 2 Q W +B 1 Q 0 (4)
由式(3)得， From formula (3), we get,
将式(6)带入式(5)得： Put formula (6) into formula (5) to get:
又因为 also because
式(7)代入式(8)中得， Formula (7) is substituted into formula (8) to get,
又因为 also because
则(9)式可整理为： Then formula (9) can be organized as:
上式(10)中，A1为管道堵塞段的横截面积，m2；A2为其他管段的横截面积，m2；根据该式中总入射波的振幅ΔHW和反射波的振幅ΔHF的大小即可求出管道堵塞段的横截面积A1，进而求出堵塞面积的大小，并且结蜡面积的大小与初始紊态时的条件无关。In the above formula (10), A 1 is the cross-sectional area of the blocked section of the pipeline, m 2 ; A 2 is the cross-sectional area of other pipe sections, m 2 ; according to the amplitude ΔH W of the total incident wave and the amplitude of the reflected wave in this formula The size of ΔHF can calculate the cross-sectional area A 1 of the blocked section of the pipeline, and then calculate the size of the blocked area, and the size of the wax deposition area has nothing to do with the conditions of the initial turbulent state.
图2所示为结蜡量检测装置示意图。本装置通过快速开关阀门产生激励，在检测点检测压力波，(检测方法与SCADA(数据采集与监控系统为现有技术)系统相结合，并且管线有多个装置阀门的点，因此可设置多个检测点进行检测)，并将检测信号传回控制系统。本装置的控制系统包括计算机和显示器。计算机用于接受信号，进行计算，显示器用于显示计算结果。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a wax deposition detection device. The device generates excitation through the fast switch valve, and detects the pressure wave at the detection point. detection points for detection), and the detection signal is sent back to the control system. The control system of the device includes a computer and a monitor. Computers are used to receive signals and perform calculations, and monitors are used to display calculation results.
确定最佳清管周期。Determine the optimal pigging cycle.
由结蜡量面积公式From the wax deposition area formula
在测得某段管路的堵塞面积A1，同时也就确定了管路的当量结蜡厚度δdL,因此管径由原来的D0减小为D0-2δdL，引起摩阻增加，流量减少。根据经验和研究表明，本实施确定当管径减小到原管径的1/7时进行清管，此时的清管周期是为最佳清管周期。When the blockage area A 1 of a certain pipeline is measured, the equivalent wax deposition thickness δ dL of the pipeline is determined at the same time, so the diameter of the pipeline is reduced from the original D 0 to D 0 -2δ dL , resulting in an increase in friction, Traffic is reduced. According to experience and research, this implementation determines that the pigging is carried out when the pipe diameter is reduced to 1/7 of the original pipe diameter, and the pigging cycle at this time is the best pigging cycle.
本发明的输油管道检测技术包括输油管道结蜡模型，结蜡量确定方法，结蜡量检测装置，最佳清管周期确定方法。The oil pipeline detection technology of the invention comprises a wax deposition model of the oil pipeline, a method for determining the amount of wax deposition, a device for detecting the amount of wax deposition, and a method for determining the optimum pigging period.
本发明在研究压力波在管道中传播规律的基础上，对传统的压力波法进行进一步研究，从理论上计算了结蜡量与压力突变量之间的具体关系式。可以看出，压力波法仅通过第一个瞬变压力波出现突变的时刻和突变量就可以对结蜡问题进行辨识，并且只需要对管道内流体的压力进行检测，简单易行且精度较高，并能够根据计算得出的结蜡量确定最佳清管周期，一定程度上减少了由清管所带来的损失。The present invention further studies the traditional pressure wave method on the basis of studying the propagation law of the pressure wave in the pipeline, and theoretically calculates the specific relational expression between the wax deposition amount and the pressure mutation amount. It can be seen that the pressure wave method can identify the wax deposition problem only by the time and amount of sudden change in the first transient pressure wave, and only needs to detect the pressure of the fluid in the pipeline, which is simple and accurate. High, and can determine the best pigging period according to the calculated wax deposition, which reduces the loss caused by pigging to a certain extent.
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| CN109780447A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-05-21 | 大连理工大学 | A method for detecting blockages in pressure pipelines using pulsed pressure waves |
| CN113551699A (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2021-10-26 | 山东德仕化工有限公司 | Method and equipment for detecting blockage of oil well pipeline |
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