CN108614929B - Finite element simulation method of coupler rubber buffer - Google Patents

Finite element simulation method of coupler rubber buffer Download PDF

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CN108614929B
CN108614929B CN201810344870.9A CN201810344870A CN108614929B CN 108614929 B CN108614929 B CN 108614929B CN 201810344870 A CN201810344870 A CN 201810344870A CN 108614929 B CN108614929 B CN 108614929B
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姚曙光
李治祥
许平
彭勇
鲁寨军
马闻
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Central South University
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle simulation, and discloses a finite element simulation method of a coupler rubber buffer, which is used for truly simulating the real characteristics of the coupler rubber buffer in the impact process. The method comprises the following steps: completely restricting the freedom degrees of the steel plates at the inner sides of the two buffers, then quasi-statically pressing the other two sides to the inner sides, setting the stop time as the time when the two buffers reach the installation height, and solving the precompression process of the buffers in LS-DYNA software to generate dynain files; then obtaining a default solving file for calculating collision of LS-DYNA software according to the dynain file, updating node coordinate information before the rubber material is compressed to the default solving file, and combining the node coordinate information after the rubber material is compressed to obtain a final solving file considering the prestress of the rubber material; and finally, performing collision impact simulation on the coupler rubber buffer in LS-DYNA software according to the final solution file.

Description

Finite element simulation method of coupler rubber buffer
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle simulation, in particular to a finite element simulation method of a coupler rubber buffer.
Background
The rubber buffer for the coupler of the motor train unit has the characteristics of low cost, simple manufacturing process, large energy consumption in the impact process and the like, and is widely used for energy absorption among motor train unit vehicles. As one of important energy absorption parts in passive safety protection of a motor train unit, the energy absorption characteristic of a rubber buffer of the car coupler in the impact process is one of important parameters which need to be considered in the design work. However, the cost investment of the collision test is large, the test design and the implementation period are long, and the energy absorption performance of the coupler rubber buffer in the impact process needs to be predicted by using a finite element simulation method.
Rubber is an important energy absorbing element in the buffer, and the accuracy of simulation modeling of the rubber is important. In the prior art, the traditional material constitutive model based on the strain energy density is mostly adopted for the simulation of the rubber material, such as: constitutive models of rubber materials such as Mooney-Rivlin, Arruda-Boyce, Van der Waals, and Marlow. These material models have a large number of material constants that must be accurately determined using these material models. The determination of these material constants requires extensive data processing and curve fitting, which is a very complex and time consuming process. In engineering design and research, simulation is generally performed only for a limited time, so that the efficiency of design and research work can be greatly improved by seeking a rubber constitutive model which avoids fitting of a large number of material constants.
In addition, the rubber buffer of the coupler of the motor train unit is firstly compressed and then is installed in the buffer frame, and the buffer is in a compressed state no matter under compression force or stretching force in the working process. To correctly simulate the bumper, the prestress of the rubber must be accurately considered. The existing modeling method is to scale the buffer model from the original size to the compressed size, and then calculate the prestress of the rubber by the difference between the node coordinates of the original buffer model and the compressed model. This method is however not correct for capturing the true morphology of the rubber in the buffer at installation. Therefore, the method cannot truly simulate the real characteristics of the rubber buffer impact process of the coupler of the motor train unit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to disclose a finite element simulation method of a coupler rubber buffer, which is used for truly simulating the real characteristics of the coupler rubber buffer in the impact process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a finite element simulation method of a coupler rubber buffer, which comprises the following steps:
step A, completely restricting the freedom degrees of the steel plates at the inner sides of the buffer No. 1 and the buffer No. 2, then pressing quasi-statically from the other two sides to the inner sides, setting the stop time as the time when both the buffers reach the installation height, and solving the precompression process of the buffers in LS-DYNA software to generate dynain files, wherein the dynain files comprise the compressed node coordinate information of the rubber material reserved under the opening state of the keyword INTERFACE _ SPRINGBACK _ LSDYNA _ NOTHACKNESS (but the dynain files do not have the related information of the keyword INITIAL _ FOAM _ REFERENCE _ GEOMETRY); opening a keyword namely INITIAL _ FOAM _ REFERENCE _ GEOMETRY in Hypermesh finite element preprocessing software to acquire and store node coordinate information of the rubber material before compression;
step B, under the condition that the keyword is INITIAL _ FOAM _ REFERENCE _ GEOMETRY in an open state, obtaining a finite element model which is obtained by compressing the buffer No. 1 and the buffer No. 2 in Hypermesh finite element preprocessing software according to the dynain file and then installing the compressed buffers in a car coupler rubber buffer frame, and obtaining a default solving file which is used by LS-DYNA software for calculating the collision of the car coupler rubber buffer and takes the prestress of the rubber material into consideration;
step C, updating all node information under the key word of INITIAL _ FOAM _ REFERENCE _ GEOMETRY in the default solving file into all node information stored in the step A based on the key word of INITIAL _ FOAM _ REFERENCE _ GEOMETRY to obtain a final solving file which is used for calculating collision by the LS-DYNA software and takes the prestress of the rubber material into consideration;
and D, performing collision impact simulation on the coupler rubber buffer in the LS-DYNA software according to the final solving file.
Preferably, in the finite element modeling process of the coupler rubber buffer, the rubber material adopts an Ogden constitutive model simplified on the basis of an original constitutive Ogden model, and the strain energy density of the original constitutive Ogden model is represented as follows:
Figure GDA0003160631000000021
wherein K is the bulk modulus, λiIs a main extension in three directionsLength of growth, musAnd alphasIs the material constant, J ═ λ1·λ2·λ3，
Figure GDA0003160631000000022
N is the order;
the principal stresses in each direction can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0003160631000000023
wherein, subscripts i, j, k represent three mutually perpendicular principal coordinates, and i, j, k represent distinct eigenvalues 1, 2 or 3; suppose, define:
Figure GDA0003160631000000024
wherein σoiIs the engineering strain in the i direction, m is a natural number, and σo(εo)＝σo(lambda-1) is input by a table look-up method, and further lambda is ═ epsilono+ 1; λ is the elongation, εoIs the vector sum of the engineering strains in the 3 principal directions;
by using the function fo(λi) Rewriting the principal stress formula to obtain a simplified Ogden constitutive model as follows:
Figure GDA0003160631000000031
and storing a stress-strain curve of the rubber material to be simulated obtained by a quasi-static compression test in a mapping relation table corresponding to the table look-up method, and obtaining the stress-strain curve of the rubber material under different strain rates by a Hopkinson bar test.
Thus, the simplified principal stress formula does not have any material constants. Since the function f used in this methodo(λi) Can be obtained by a table look-up method in which the data entered is a sheet of rubber materialStress strain curves resulting from axial tension and compression. This method therefore eliminates the need for fitting of material constants and the like. The constitutive model can also consider the strain rate effect of the rubber material through a table look-up method by inputting stress-strain curves under different strain rates, and also does not need fitting of related parameters. Furthermore, the effect of damage to the rubber material can be taken into account by inputting a closed loop stress-strain curve.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the prestress of the rubber material can be considered using a node coordinate difference method based on the node coordinate information before and after the rubber material is compressed. Through a large number of experiments, finite element simulation calculation is carried out on the dynamic impact process of the rubber buffer of the coupler of the motor train unit by using the simulation method provided by the invention, and the result is very consistent with the result of the dynamic impact test of the rubber buffer of the coupler of the motor train unit.
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a coupler rubber buffer disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a stress-strain curve of a rubber material according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a finite element model of buffer No. 1 and buffer No. 2 from free height hydrostatic to installation height as disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a shape of a compressed finite element model of buffer No. 1 and buffer No. 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a finite element model of a coupler rubber buffer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 to 13 are schematic diagrams comparing simulation and experimental results at different impact speeds according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings: 1-a hook body; 2-transverse pin; 3-vertical pin; 4-front slave plate; 5-a buffer frame; 6-rear slave plate; buffer No. 7-1; buffer No. 8-2; 9-a steel plate; 10-rubber.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.
Example 1
In this embodiment, taking the coupler rubber buffer shown in fig. 1 as an example, the coupler rubber buffer includes: 1-a hook body; 2-transverse pin; 3-vertical pin; 4-front slave plate; 5-a buffer frame; 6-rear slave plate; buffer No. 7-1; buffer No. 8-2; 9-a steel plate; 10-rubber. The No. 1 buffer and the No. 2 buffer are pre-compressed and then assembled into the buffer frame, and the front slave plate and the rear slave plate are not moved relative to the vehicle body. When the car coupler is impacted longitudinally, impact force is transmitted to the buffer frame body through the transverse pin and the longitudinal pin by the coupler body, the frame body compresses the No. 2 buffer, and at the moment, the No. 1 buffer gradually expands and fills the space at the front end of the buffer due to the backward movement of the frame body. And then, the No. 2 buffer stores elastic potential energy, and the buffer frame starts to rebound and move forwards to compress the No. 1 buffer. The above motion is then repeated until all the kinetic energy is dissipated. Based on the coupler rubber buffer shown in fig. 1, the finite element simulation method of the coupler rubber buffer disclosed in the embodiment includes:
step A, completely restricting the freedom degrees of the steel plates at the inner sides of the buffer No. 1 and the buffer No. 2, then quasi-statically pressing the other two sides to the inner sides, setting the stop time as the time when the two buffers reach the installation height, solving the precompression process of the buffers in LS-DYNA software to generate dynain files, wherein the dynain files comprise the node coordinate information after the compression of the rubber materials reserved under the opening state of the keyword such as INTERFACE _ SPRINGBACK _ LSDYNA _ NOTHACKS; opening a keyword namely INITIAL _ FOAM _ REFERENCE _ GEOMETRY in Hypermesh finite element preprocessing software to acquire and store node coordinate information of the rubber material before compression;
step B, under the condition that the keyword is INITIAL _ FOAM _ REFERENCE _ GEOMETRY in an open state, obtaining a finite element model which is obtained by compressing the buffer No. 1 and the buffer No. 2 in Hypermesh finite element preprocessing software according to the dynain file and then installing the compressed buffers in a car coupler rubber buffer frame, and obtaining a default solving file which is used by LS-DYNA software for calculating the collision of the car coupler rubber buffer and takes the prestress of the rubber material into consideration;
step C, updating all node information under the key word of INITIAL _ FOAM _ REFERENCE _ GEOMETRY in the default solving file into all node information stored in the step A based on the key word of INITIAL _ FOAM _ REFERENCE _ GEOMETRY to obtain a final solving file which is used for calculating collision by the LS-DYNA software and takes the prestress of the rubber material into consideration;
and D, performing collision impact simulation on the coupler rubber buffer in the LS-DYNA software according to the final solving file.
Preferably, in the finite element modeling process of the coupler rubber buffer, the rubber material adopts an Ogden constitutive model simplified on the basis of an original constitutive Ogden model, and the strain energy density of the original constitutive Ogden model is represented as follows:
Figure GDA0003160631000000041
wherein K is the bulk modulus, λiIs the principal elongation in the i-direction, μsAnd alphasIs the material constant, J ═ λ1·λ２·λ3，
Figure GDA0003160631000000042
N is the order;
the principal stresses in each direction are expressed as:
Figure GDA0003160631000000051
wherein sigmaiIs the principal stress in each direction, λjIs the main elongation in the j direction, λkIs in the k directionA primary elongation of (d); the indices i, j, k represent three mutually perpendicular principal coordinates, and i, j, k represent distinct eigenvalues 1, 2 or 3; defining:
Figure GDA0003160631000000052
wherein σoiIs the engineering strain in the i direction, m is a natural number, and σo(εo)＝σo(lambda-1) is input by a table look-up method, and further lambda is ═ epsilono+ 1; λ is the elongation, εoIs the vector sum of the engineering strains in the 3 principal directions;
by using the function fo(λi) Rewriting the principal stress formula to obtain a simplified Ogden constitutive model as follows:
Figure GDA0003160631000000053
and storing a stress-strain curve of the rubber material to be simulated obtained by a quasi-static compression test in a mapping relation table corresponding to the table look-up method, and obtaining the stress-strain curve of the rubber material under different strain rates by a Hopkinson bar test.
Thus, the simplified principal stress formula does not have any material constants. Since the function f used in this methodo(λi) Can be obtained by a table look-up method, and the data entered in the table are stress-strain curves obtained by uniaxial stretching and compression of the rubber material. This method therefore eliminates the need for fitting of material constants and the like. The constitutive model can also consider the strain rate effect of the rubber material through a table look-up method by inputting stress-strain curves under different strain rates, and also does not need fitting of related parameters. Furthermore, the effect of damage to the rubber material can be taken into account by inputting a closed loop stress-strain curve.
To facilitate the understanding of the concept of the present embodiment, the more detailed real-time steps for the above steps can be divided as follows:
step 1, using the simplified rubber constitutive model as a rubber material model in a rubber buffer of a coupler of a motor train unit at ls _ dyna, and inputting a stress-strain curve obtained by a quasi-static compression test and a stress-strain curve obtained by an SPB test at different strain rates into the material model as shown in fig. 2.
Step 2, as shown in fig. 3, the degrees of freedom of the steel plates inside the buffer No. 1 and the buffer No. 2 are completely constrained, then quasi-statically pressing is performed from the other two sides to the inside, the stop time is set as the time when both buffers reach the installation height, a keyword of one method of considering pre-stress of general materials is opened in LS-DYNA software, the keyword is internal _ spring _ LSDYNA _ not notch (the keyword can retain the node coordinate information of the unit after the calculation and the stress information of the unit), and all the units in the model are selected under the keyword to solve the pre-compression process of the buffers to generate dynain file, and the dynain file comprises the node coordinate information after the compression of the rubber materials retained in the open state of the keyword internal _ spring _ LSDYNA _ notch.
It is worth mentioning that: the dynain file does not have related information of keywords INITIAL _ form _ REFERENCE _ general. It needs to be supplemented by the following steps to take into account the prestress of the rubber material.
Therefore, a key word, namely INITIAL _ FOAM _ REFERENCE _ general, is opened in Hypermesh finite element preprocessing software, wherein the key word is used for considering the prestress of a rubber material (the prestress indicates that the rubber is in a compressed state at the INITIAL moment), the numbers and the coordinate information of all units and nodes of the rubber before compression are input under the key word, the prestress of the rubber can be considered by calculating the coordinate difference of the nodes before and after the compression of the rubber units based on the key word, all nodes of the rubber are selected in the key word (after all nodes of the rubber units are selected, the numbers and the coordinate information of all the nodes in the state before compression are contained in a generated k file 1), and a k file 1 for solving is output (the k file is a solving file which is output after model building is finished and is an editable text file in nature).
And 3, importing the dynain file in the step 2 into Hypermesh finite element preprocessing software to obtain a finite element model shown in a figure 4, wherein the model is the shape of the buffer during installation, the rubber material in the model continuously uses the material model and the curve in the step 1, a Ref switch in the rubber material model is opened, a keyword INITIAL _ FOAM _ REFERENCE _ GEOMETRY is opened at the same time, all rubber nodes are selected from the keyword, and a k file 2 for solving is output (namely, a default solving file which is used for calculating the collision of the coupler rubber buffer and takes the prestress of the rubber material into consideration is obtained by the LS-DYNA software).
In this step, based on the software properties, only the Ref switch and the INITIAL _ form _ REFERENCE _ geounit are used simultaneously, the prestress of the rubber can be considered.
Step 4, respectively opening the k file 1 and the k file 2 by using a text editor, and replacing all node information under the key word INITIAL _ feed _ general in the k file 2 by all node information under the key word INITIAL _ feed _ general in the k file 1 to obtain a final finite element model of the coupler rubber buffer; (in Ls _ dyna, the method of considering rubber prestress is to input the node coordinate information before the rubber unit is compressed under the key word INITIAL _ form _ feedback _ general, and after opening the key word in the model and selecting the node of the rubber unit, only the rubber node coordinate information of the model calculation starting time (corresponding to the collision impact simulation of the car coupler rubber buffer solved later, the time is the compressed state after the rubber is installed), and the prestress of the rubber cannot be really considered by simply using the key word, so the key word INITIAL _ form _ feedback _ general is used in the step 2, so the k file 1 output in the step 2 contains the node coordinate confidence of the rubber before being compressed, after finishing the model establishment in the step 3 and outputting the k file 2 for collision analysis, only the keyword i.e. INITIAL _ form _ REFERENCE _ general in the k-file 1 needs to be copied and the keyword i.e. INITIAL _ form _ REFERENCE _ general in the k-file 2 needs to be overwritten).
And step 5, importing the rubber buffer model obtained in the step 4 into a rubber buffer device of a coupler of the motor train unit to obtain a finite element model as shown in fig. 5, setting different collision speeds, carrying out finite element calculation simulation, comparing an output result with a corresponding impact test result such as fig. 6-13, and displaying that the impact force and buffer compression curve goodness of fit is good.
It is noted that the existing keyword such as interactive _ spring back _ LSDYNA _ NOTHICKNESS is limited to finite element analysis of non-elastic materials, and the present embodiment makes a breakthrough in applying the keyword to finite element analysis of elastic materials such as rubber. And by combining the series processing of the keyword INITIAL _ form _ REFERENCE _ general, the prestress of the rubber material is accurately considered during the simulation of collision impact.
In summary, the core of the present embodiment lies in: selecting a rubber model convenient for calculation, completely restricting the freedom degrees of steel plates at the inner sides of the two buffers, quasi-statically pressing the other two sides to the inner sides, setting the stopping time as the time when the two buffers reach the mounting height, and generating dynain files in Hypermesh finite element pretreatment software; then obtaining a default solving file for calculating collision of LS-DYNA software according to the dynain file, updating node coordinate information before the rubber material is compressed to the default solving file, and combining the node coordinate information after the rubber material is compressed to obtain a final solving file considering the prestress of the rubber material; and finally, performing collision impact simulation on the coupler rubber buffer in LS-DYNA software according to the final solution file. It has the following beneficial effects:
the prestress of the rubber material can be considered using a node coordinate difference method based on the node coordinate information before and after the rubber material is compressed. As shown in fig. 6 to 13, through a large number of experiments, finite element simulation calculation is performed on the dynamic impact process of the rubber buffer of the coupler of the motor train unit by using the simulation method provided by the embodiment, and the result is very consistent with the result of the dynamic impact test of the rubber buffer of the coupler of the motor train unit.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A finite element simulation method of a coupler rubber buffer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A, completely restricting the freedom degrees of the steel plates at the inner sides of the buffer No. 1 and the buffer No. 2, then quasi-statically pressing the other two sides to the inner sides, setting the stop time as the time when the two buffers reach the installation height, solving the precompression process of the buffers in LS-DYNA software to generate dynain files, wherein the dynain files comprise the node coordinate information after the compression of the rubber materials reserved under the opening state of the keyword such as INTERFACE _ SPRINGBACK _ LSDYNA _ NOTHACKS; opening a keyword namely INITIAL _ FOAM _ REFERENCE _ GEOMETRY in Hypermesh finite element preprocessing software to acquire and store node coordinate information of the rubber material before compression;
step B, under the condition that the keyword is INITIAL _ FOAM _ REFERENCE _ GEOMETRY in an open state, obtaining a finite element model which is obtained by compressing the buffer No. 1 and the buffer No. 2 in Hypermesh finite element preprocessing software according to the dynain file and then installing the compressed buffers in a car coupler rubber buffer frame, and obtaining a default solving file which is used by LS-DYNA software for calculating the collision of the car coupler rubber buffer and takes the prestress of the rubber material into consideration;
step C, updating all node information under the key word of INITIAL _ FOAM _ REFERENCE _ GEOMETRY in the default solving file into all node information stored in the step A based on the key word of INITIAL _ FOAM _ REFERENCE _ GEOMETRY to obtain a final solving file which is used for calculating collision by the LS-DYNA software and takes the prestress of the rubber material into consideration;
and D, performing collision impact simulation on the coupler rubber buffer in the LS-DYNA software according to the final solving file.
2. A finite element simulation method of a coupler rubber buffer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the finite element modeling process of the coupler rubber buffer, the rubber material adopts an Ogden constitutive model simplified on the basis of an original constitutive Ogden model, and the strain energy density of the original constitutive Ogden model is expressed as:
Figure FDA0003160630990000011
wherein K is the bulk modulus, λiIs the principal elongation in three directions, μsAnd alphasIs the material constant, J ═ λ1·λ2·λ3,
Figure FDA0003160630990000012
N is the order;
the principal stresses in each direction are expressed as:
Figure FDA0003160630990000013
wherein, subscripts i, j, k represent three mutually perpendicular principal coordinates, and i, j, k represent distinct eigenvalues 1, 2 or 3; defining:
Figure FDA0003160630990000014
wherein σoiIs the engineering strain in the i direction, m is a natural number, and σo(εo)＝σo(lambda-1) is input by a table look-up method, and further lambda is ═ epsilono+ 1; λ is the elongation, εoIs the vector sum of the engineering strains in the 3 principal directions;
by using the function fo(λi) Rewriting the principal stress formula to obtain a simplified Ogden constitutive model as follows:
Figure FDA0003160630990000021
and storing a stress-strain curve of the rubber material to be simulated obtained by a quasi-static compression test in a mapping relation table corresponding to the table look-up method, and obtaining the stress-strain curve of the rubber material under different strain rates by a Hopkinson bar test.
3. A finite element simulation method of a coupler rubber buffer as claimed in claim 2, further comprising:
based on the Ogden model, the strain rate effect of the rubber material is considered through a table look-up method by inputting stress-strain curves under different strain rates; and/or
The damage effect of the rubber material is considered by inputting a stress-strain curve of a closed loop.
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