CN108613922B - Bonding surface static friction factor three-dimensional fractal prediction method considering adhesive force - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a joint surface static friction factor three-dimensional fractal prediction method considering adhesive force, and relates to the technical field of mechanical joint surfaces. The method comprises the steps of firstly, improving a two-dimensional fractal function describing the surface appearance of a joint surface into a three-dimensional fractal function, and representing the contact deformation by using the difference value of a trough and a peak of the function. Respectively calculating the deformation and the critical contact area of the surface microprotrusions of the joint surface in the elastic deformation stage and the elastic-plastic deformation stage; and simultaneously calculating the relation between the total normal load, the total adhesive force and the total tangential load of the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface. And finally establishing the relationship among the static friction factor of the joint surface, the normal load, the tangential load and the adhesive force. The joint surface static friction factor three-dimensional fractal prediction method considering the adhesive force provided by the invention has the advantages that the obtained joint surface static friction factor has high reliability, is closer to the actual situation, and can provide theoretical basis for predicting and controlling the static friction factor of the precise mechanical joint surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical joint surfaces, in particular to a joint surface static friction factor three-dimensional fractal prediction method considering adhesive force.
Background
Machine tools and most complex mechanical engineering equipment comprise a large number of parts besides structural bodies, and the contact surfaces between the assembled parts are called joint surfaces or joint portions. The mechanical joint surface inevitably generates a friction phenomenon due to the action of external load, thereby affecting the overall performance of the mechanical structure. Therefore, theoretically, the contact behavior of the joint surface is researched, and the friction characteristic of the joint surface is predicted in the design stage, which is very important for improving the working efficiency, stability and machining precision of the machining equipment.
For the research of the static friction factor of the joint surface, on the basis of the classical hertzian contact theory, a part of scholars assume that the height distribution of the convex bodies of the joint surface is approximate to Gaussian distribution and establish a microscopic statistical contact model of the static friction factor of the mechanical joint surface from the statistical angle; and the other part of scholars establishes a static friction factor fractal contact model of the mechanical joint surface by using a fractal function representing a rough surface profile curve and an island area distribution function based on a fractal theory, thereby avoiding the defect that the microscopic statistical contact model is influenced by the resolution and the sampling length of a surface topography measuring instrument.
Although the static friction factor model of the mechanical joint surface is continuously developed and improved under the continuous efforts of domestic and foreign scholars, the static friction factor between the joint surfaces calculated by using the existing static friction factor model still has larger errors under the heavy load condition. The main reasons for this are: under the heavy load condition, the influence of the adhesive force between the joint surfaces on the calculation of the static friction factor is large and cannot be ignored; meanwhile, the static friction factor calculation model of the existing mechanical joint surface ignores the characteristic of fractal distribution of the three-dimensional surface of the microprotrusion. Therefore, under heavy load conditions, the static friction factor of the joint surface cannot be accurately calculated by using the conventional theoretical method.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a joint surface static friction factor three-dimensional fractal prediction method considering the adhesive force, so that the calculation of the mechanical joint surface static friction factor under the heavy load condition is realized.
A joint surface static friction factor three-dimensional fractal prediction method considering adhesive force comprises the following steps:
δ＝2(11-3D)/2GD-2(lnγ)1/2π(D-3)/2a(3-D)/2
wherein G is a fractal scale coefficient of the surface of the joint surface, D is a fractal dimension of the surface of the joint surface, D is more than 2 and less than 3, gamma is a parameter related to the surface appearance frequency density of the joint surface, gamma is more than 1, 1.5 is generally taken, and a is the actual elastic contact area of a single microprotrusion body on the surface of the joint surface;
step 2.1, according to the hertz contact theory, when two rough surfaces of the joint surface contact each other, converting the two rough surfaces into an equivalent rough surface to contact with a rigid smooth plane, so that the actual elastic contact area a of a single microprotrusion of the joint surface is the cross-sectional area of the deformed single microprotrusion of the equivalent rough surface and the rigid smooth plane, and the following formula is shown:
a＝πRδ
wherein R is the curvature radius of a single microprotrusion body, and delta is the contact deformation of the single microprotrusion body;
step 2.2, calculating the elastic critical deformation and the elastic critical contact area of a single microprotrusion body;
the elastic critical deformation delta of the single microprotrusioncIs calculated as follows:
wherein k isμIs a correction factor of the friction force, and phi is a material characteristic coefficient;
elastic critical contact area a of the single microprotrusioncIs calculated as follows:
further, the elastoplasticity-area critical contact area a of the single microprotrusion body is calculatedpt1As shown in the following equation:
apt1＝1101/(2-D)ac；
elastoplastic two-zone critical contact area a of single microprotrusionpt2As shown in the following equation:
apt2＝61/(2-D)ac；
according to the theory of fractal theory, when al＞acAnd D is not equal to 2.5, the relation between the total normal load P borne by the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface is shown as the following formula:
when a isl＞acAnd when D is 2.5, the relationship between the total normal load P applied to the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface is shown by the following formula:
wherein, alIs the maximum contact point area of a single microprotrusion, and k is the yield strength sigma of the softer material of the two contact materials with the bonding surfaceyThe relation between the coefficient related to the hardness H and the hardness H is as follows: k σ H ═ k σy(ii) a E is the equivalent elastic modulus of the two contact materials of the joint surface,
E1、E2respectively representing the modulus of elasticity, v, of the two contact materials1、ν2Respectively representing the Poisson's ratio of two contact materials;
step 4.1, establishing the relationship between the adhesive force and the contact area of a single microprotrusion body in different deformation regions;
according to the fractal theory, the relationship between the adhesive force of a single microprotrusion body in different deformation regions and the contact area thereof is as follows:
(1) in the non-contact region, delta/deltac< 0, the relationship between the adhesion of a single microprotrusion and its contact area is as follows:
(2) in the fully elastic region, 0 < delta/deltac< 1, the relationship between the adhesion of a single microprotrusion and its contact area is as follows:
(3) in the elastic-plastic region, 1 & lt delta/deltac< 6, the relationship between the adhesion of a single microprotrusion and its contact area is as follows:
(4) in the elastic-plastic region two, 6 is more than delta/deltac< 110, the relationship between the adhesion of a single microprotrusion and its contact area is as follows:
wherein, FsiThe adhesive force of a single microprotrusion body under different deformation regions is represented by i ═ 1, … and 4, Δ γ' is adhesive force energy, and ε is molecular spacing;
4.2, establishing a relation between the total adhesive force of the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface;
according to the fractal theory, the relationship between the total adhesive force of the bonding surface and the contact area of the bonding surface is shown as the following formula:
wherein,
wherein A isnIs the nominal contact area of the bonding surface,
as a function of the area distribution of the contact points of the faying surface, FsiThe adhesive force of a single microprotrusion body in different deformation ranges, and delta gamma' is the adhesive force energy;
according to the fractal theory, the relationship between the total tangential load borne by the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface is as follows:
when a isl＞acAnd D is not equal to 2.5, the relation between the total tangential load borne by the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface is as follows:
when a isl＞acAnd when D is 2.5, the relation between the total tangential load borne by the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface is as follows:
step 6, establishing a static friction factor mu of the joint surface and a total normal load P, a total tangential load Q and a total adhesive force F of the joint surfacesThe relationship between them is shown by the following formula:
according to the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the traditional method based on finite element and two-dimensional fractal theory, the three-dimensional fractal prediction method of the static friction factor of the bonding surface considering the adhesive force provided by the invention adopts the three-dimensional fractal function to represent the surface appearance of the bonding surface, is closer to the actual condition, and simultaneously ensures that the prediction result is more accurate. Meanwhile, the method fully considers the influence of the adhesive force of the joint surface on the static friction factor under the heavy load condition, and overcomes the defect that the static friction factor of the joint surface is not accurately calculated by the conventional method based on the fractal theory.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a three-dimensional fractal prediction method for static friction factor of a bonding surface with consideration of adhesion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional fractal of the surface topography of a bonding surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the stress applied to the bonding surface according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a relationship between a static friction factor and a dimensionless normal load when the fractal dimensions of the three-dimensional surface provided by the embodiment of the present invention take different values;
FIG. 5 is a graph of static friction factor versus total normal load for three cases of experimental values of adhesion considered, adhesion not considered, and static friction factor provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a rigid smooth plane; 2. equivalent rough surface.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In this embodiment, a mechanical joint surface is taken as an example, and the static friction factor of the joint surface is calculated by using the joint surface static friction factor three-dimensional fractal prediction method considering the adhesive force of the invention.
A three-dimensional fractal prediction method for a static friction factor of a joint surface considering adhesive force is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
δ＝2(11-3D)/2GD-2(lnγ)1/2π(D-3)/2a(3-D)/2
wherein G is a fractal scale coefficient of the surface of the joint surface, D is a fractal dimension of the surface of the joint surface, D is more than 2 and less than 3, gamma is a parameter related to the surface appearance frequency density of the joint surface, gamma is more than 1, 1.5 is generally taken, and a is the actual elastic contact area of a single microprotrusion body on the surface of the joint surface;
in the embodiment, a two-dimensional fractal W-M function describing a surface profile curve of the joint surface is improved into a three-dimensional fractal W-M function describing a fractal curved surface of the surface profile curve of the joint surface. The parameters for the given equivalent matte surface are: fractal scale coefficient G of the joint surface is 2.01 × 10-9m, fractal dimension D is 2.501, and parameter γ related to the frequency density of the surface topography of the bonding surface is 1.5, and the obtained three-dimensional topography of the surface of the bonding surface is shown in fig. 2.
step 2.1, according to the hertz contact theory, when two rough surfaces of the joint surface contact each other, as shown in fig. 3, the two rough surfaces are converted into an equivalent rough surface 2 and contact each other with a rigid smooth plane 1, and then the actual elastic contact area a of a single microprotrusion surface of the joint surface is the cross-sectional area of a single microprotrusion deformed on the equivalent rough surface and the rigid smooth plane, as shown in the following formula:
a＝πRδ
wherein R is the curvature radius of a single microprotrusion body, and delta is the contact deformation of the single microprotrusion body;
step 2.2, calculating the elastic critical deformation and the elastic critical contact area of a single microprotrusion body;
the elastic critical deformation delta of the single microprotrusioncIs calculated as follows:
wherein k isμIs a correction factor of the friction force, and phi is a material characteristic coefficient;
elastic critical contact area a of the single microprotrusioncIs calculated as follows:
further, the elastoplasticity-area critical contact area a of the single microprotrusion body is calculatedpt1As shown in the following equation:
apt1＝1101/(2-D)ac；
elastoplastic two-zone critical contact area a of single microprotrusionpt2As shown in the following equation:
apt2＝61/(2-D)ac；
in this embodiment, the material characteristic coefficient Φ ═ σyAnd E, the material parameters of the two contact surfaces of the joint surface are respectively as follows: the material parameters of one contact surface are: modulus of elasticity E1197GPa, poisson ratio ν10.3 yield strength σy1346MPa, hardness H1478 MPa; the material parameters of the other contact surface are: modulus of elasticity E2205GPa, poisson ratio v20.3 yield strength σy2353MPa, hardness H2Calculated elastic critical contact area a of individual microprotrusions at 500MPac＝5.986319×10- 10m2。
according to the theory of fractal theory, when al＞acAnd D is not equal to 2.5, the relation between the total normal load P borne by the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface is shown as the following formula:
when a isl＞acAnd when D is 2.5, the relationship between the total normal load P applied to the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface is shown by the following formula:
wherein, alIs the maximum contact point area of a single microprotrusion, and k is the yield strength sigma of the softer material of the two contact materials with the bonding surfaceyThe relation between the coefficient related to the hardness H and the hardness H is as follows: k σ H ═ k σy(ii) a E is the equivalent elastic modulus of the two contact materials of the joint surface,
E1、E2respectively representing the modulus of elasticity, v, of the two contact materials1、ν2Respectively representing the Poisson's ratio of two contact materials;
in this embodiment, the normal load P applied to the joint surface is 100kN, and the maximum contact point area a of a single microprotrusion is calculatedl＝2.293740×10-4m2。
step 4.1, establishing the relationship between the adhesive force and the contact area of a single microprotrusion body in different deformation regions;
according to the fractal theory, the relationship between the adhesive force of a single microprotrusion body in different deformation regions and the contact area thereof is as follows:
(1) in the non-contact region, delta/deltac< 0, the relationship between the adhesion of a single microprotrusion and its contact area is as follows:
(2) in the fully elastic region, 0 < delta/deltac< 1, the relationship between the adhesion of a single microprotrusion and its contact area is as follows:
(3) in the elastic-plastic region, 1 & lt delta/deltac< 6, the relationship between the adhesion of a single microprotrusion and its contact area is as follows:
(4) in the elastic-plastic region two, 6 is more than delta/deltac< 110, the relationship between the adhesion of a single microprotrusion and its contact area is as follows:
wherein, FsiThe adhesive force of a single microprotrusion body under different deformation regions is represented by i ═ 1, … and 4, Δ γ' is adhesive force energy, and ε is molecular spacing;
4.2, establishing a relation between the total adhesive force of the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface;
according to the fractal theory, the relationship between the total adhesive force of the bonding surface and the contact area of the bonding surface is shown as the following formula:
wherein,
wherein A isnIs the nominal contact area of the bonding surface,
as a function of the area distribution of the contact points of the faying surface, FsiThe adhesive force of a single microprotrusion body in different deformation ranges, and delta gamma' is the adhesive force energy;
in this embodiment, the nominal contact area A of the bonding surface is takenn＝3.440610×10-3m2Adhesion energy Δ γ ═ 3.2erg/cm2The molecular spacing epsilon is 4X 10-10m, calculating the total adhesive force F of the bonding surfaces＝2169.500842N。
according to the fractal theory, the relationship between the total tangential load borne by the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface is as follows:
when a isl＞acAnd D is not equal to 2.5, the relation between the total tangential load borne by the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface is as follows:
when a isl＞acAnd when D is 2.5, the bonding surfaceThe relation between the total tangential load and the contact area of the joint surface is as follows:
in the present embodiment, the joint surface total tangential load Q is calculated to be 45318.214N.
Step 6, establishing a static friction factor mu of the joint surface and a total normal load P, a total tangential load Q and a total adhesive force F of the joint surfacesThe relationship between them is shown by the following formula:
in the present embodiment, the static friction factor μ of the bonding surface is 0.463232, and the relationship between the static friction factor and the dimensionless normal load is shown in fig. 4, which shows that under different bonding surface shape dimensions, the static friction factor of the bonding surface increases with the increase of the dimensionless normal load, the adhesive force has less influence on the static friction factor of the bonding surface when the dimensionless normal load is small, and the adhesive force has greater influence on the static friction factor of the bonding surface when the dimensionless normal load is large.
This example also compares the relationship between the calculated static friction factor and the total normal load considering the adhesion and neglecting the adhesion with the relationship between the total normal load and the experimental value of the static friction factor in the document "Tian Hong-liang, Liu Fong, Zhao Chun-hua, et al.Prelocation information on static normal performance of metallic material surface-the experimental model [ J ]. Journal of simulation and Shock,2014,3(1): 209-220" with the relationship between the total normal load, as shown in FIG. 5, it can be seen that the influence of the adhesion on the static friction factor of the bonding surface under heavy load conditions is large, and the difference between the theoretical calculation result and the experimental value of the present invention is small.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A joint surface static friction factor three-dimensional fractal prediction method considering adhesive force is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, simulating the three-dimensional appearance of the surface microprotrusions of the joint surface: the two-dimensional fractal function describing the surface appearance of the joint surface is improved into a three-dimensional fractal function, and the difference value of a wave trough and a wave crest of the function is used for representing the contact deformation delta of a single microprotrusion body of the joint surface, wherein the formula is as follows:
δ＝2(11-3D)/2GD-2(lnγ)1/2π(D-3)/2a(3-D)/2
wherein G is a fractal scale coefficient of the surface of the joint surface, D is a fractal dimension of the surface of the joint surface, D is more than 2 and less than 3, gamma is a parameter related to the surface appearance frequency density of the joint surface, gamma is more than 1, 1.5 is generally taken, and a is the actual elastic contact area of a single microprotrusion body on the surface of the joint surface;
step 2, respectively calculating the deformation amount and the critical contact area of a single microprotrusion body on the surface of a joint surface in an elastic deformation stage and an elastic-plastic deformation stage;
step 3, calculating the relation between the total normal load borne by the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface;
step 4, calculating the relation between the total adhesive force borne by the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface;
step 5, calculating the relation between the total tangential load borne by the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface;
step 6, establishing the relationship between the static friction factor of the joint surface and the total normal load, the total tangential load and the total adhesive force of the joint surface;
the specific method of the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 2.1, according to the hertz contact theory, when two rough surfaces of the joint surface contact each other, converting the two rough surfaces into an equivalent rough surface to contact with a rigid smooth plane, so that the actual elastic contact area a of a single microprotrusion of the joint surface is the cross-sectional area of the deformed single microprotrusion of the equivalent rough surface and the rigid smooth plane, and the following formula is shown:
a＝πRδ
wherein R is the curvature radius of a single microprotrusion body, and delta is the contact deformation of the single microprotrusion body;
step 2.2, calculating the elastic critical deformation and the elastic critical contact area of a single microprotrusion body;
the elastic critical deformation delta of the single microprotrusioncIs calculated as follows:
wherein k isμIs a correction factor of the friction force, and phi is a material characteristic coefficient;
elastic critical contact area a of the single microprotrusioncIs calculated as follows:
further, the elastoplasticity-area critical contact area a of the single microprotrusion body is calculatedpt1As shown in the following equation:
apt1＝1101/(2-D)ac；
elastoplastic two-zone critical contact area a of single microprotrusionpt2As shown in the following equation:
apt2＝61/(2-D)ac
the specific method of the step 3 comprises the following steps:
according to the theory of fractal theory, when al＞acAnd D is not equal to 2.5, the relation between the total normal load P borne by the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface is shown as the following formula:
when a isl＞acAnd when D is 2.5, the relationship between the total normal load P applied to the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface is shown by the following formula:
wherein, alIs the maximum contact point area of a single microprotrusion, and k is the yield strength sigma of the softer material of the two contact materials with the bonding surfaceyThe relation between the coefficient related to the hardness H and the hardness H is as follows: k σ H ═ k σy(ii) a E is the equivalent elastic modulus of the two contact materials of the joint surface,
E1、E2respectively representing the modulus of elasticity, v, of the two contact materials1、ν2Respectively representing the Poisson's ratio of two contact materials;
the specific method of the step 4 comprises the following steps:
step 4.1, establishing the relationship between the adhesive force and the contact area of a single microprotrusion body in different deformation regions;
according to the fractal theory, the relationship between the adhesive force of a single microprotrusion body in different deformation regions and the contact area thereof is as follows:
(1) in the non-contact region, delta/deltac< 0, the relationship between the adhesion of a single microprotrusion and its contact area is as follows:
(2) in the fully elastic region, 0 < delta/deltac< 1, the relationship between the adhesion of a single microprotrusion and its contact area is as follows:
(3) in the elastic-plastic region, 1 & lt delta/deltac< 6, the relationship between the adhesion of a single microprotrusion and its contact area is as follows:
(4) in the elastic-plastic region two, 6 is more than delta/deltac< 110, the relationship between the adhesion of a single microprotrusion and its contact area is as follows:
wherein, FsiThe adhesive force of a single microprotrusion body under different deformation regions is represented by i ═ 1, … and 4, Δ γ' is adhesive force energy, and ε is molecular spacing;
4.2, establishing a relation between the total adhesive force of the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface;
according to the fractal theory, the relationship between the total adhesive force of the bonding surface and the contact area of the bonding surface is shown as the following formula:
wherein,
wherein A isnIs the nominal contact area of the bonding surface,
as a function of the area distribution of the contact points of the faying surface, FsiThe adhesive force of a single microprotrusion body in different deformation ranges, and delta gamma' is the adhesive force energy;
the specific method of the step 5 comprises the following steps:
according to the fractal theory, the relationship between the total tangential load borne by the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface is as follows:
when a isl＞acAnd D is not equal to 2.5, the relation between the total tangential load borne by the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface is as follows:
when a isl＞acAnd when D is 2.5, the relation between the total tangential load borne by the joint surface and the contact area of the joint surface is as follows:
6, the static friction factor mu of the joint surface, the total normal load P, the total tangential load Q and the total adhesive force F of the joint surfacesThe relationship between them is shown by the following formula:
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