CN108613520A - A kind of high applicability pin drying unit of combined type - Google Patents
A kind of high applicability pin drying unit of combined type Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108613520A CN108613520A CN201810698907.8A CN201810698907A CN108613520A CN 108613520 A CN108613520 A CN 108613520A CN 201810698907 A CN201810698907 A CN 201810698907A CN 108613520 A CN108613520 A CN 108613520A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- drying
- pin
- kettle
- lamp
- combined type
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010981 drying operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011194 food seasoning agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
- F26B11/18—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive on or in moving dishes, trays, pans, or other mainly-open receptacles
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/004—Nozzle assemblies; Air knives; Air distributors; Blow boxes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
- F26B23/04—Heating arrangements using electric heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
- F26B25/06—Chambers, containers, or receptacles
- F26B25/14—Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction
- F26B25/18—Chambers, containers, receptacles of simple construction mainly open, e.g. dish, tray, pan, rack
- F26B25/185—Spacers; Elements for supporting the goods to be dried, i.e. positioned in-between the goods to build a ventilated stack
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high applicability pin drying units of combined type,Including drying kettle,The drying kettle is internally provided with lamp bracket,Drying lamp is installed on the lamp bracket,There are two air-heaters for setting on the outside of the drying kettle,The air-heater is connected with hot stove interface,The air-heater other end is connected with blast pipe,The blast pipe is inserted into inside drying kettle,The drying kettle is internally provided with drive shaft,It is connected with drying support on the outside of the drive shaft,Hot gas is blown into inside by two air-heaters,Coordinate with drying lamp,Drying and processing is carried out to the pin on the drying support of rotation,So that internal pin uniformly receives heat,Drying is evenly abundant,By drying support come fixing pin,Different angles can be kept under different rotating speeds,It is different from heat source spacing difference drying effect,It can be dried for different pins,It is worthy to be popularized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hardware technical field, specially a kind of high applicability pin drying unit of combined type.
Background technology
Complementary, the accessory manufactured goods used in hardware daily life and industrial production.Early stage multi-purpose gold, silver,
The metal materials such as copper, iron, tin make, thus gain the name.It now removes and uses various metal materials, also widely used plastics, glass fibre
Etc. nonmetallic materials make.On the whole, hardware industry operational excellence, it is apparent to sell inside and outside growth, inlet and outlet high speed
Increase, each economic target fast lifting, industry integrally substantially returns to the level before financial crisis.
Timber, the metal tingle that pin is typically cone, has tip or pinnacle, to peg or fasten or hole is mended
Good, traditional pin is standard component, needs to make pin by oneself under specific circumstances, otherwise cannot be satisfied using standard, pin specification
Varied, when use, needs to match by specification, can not be substituted using other specifications when lacking required specification pin, therefore traditional
Pin has significant limitation.
Application No. is CN201621198564.1, entitled furniture hardware sprays the patent of invention of drying unit automatically,
There is holder in spray booth, hollow shaft is hinged on holder, six Workpiece fixing plates, Workpiece fixing plate are uniformly installed in shaft
Emitting shape is presented is mounted on shaft lateral wall, is also uniformly distributed in shaft there are six threading hole, on the side of Workpiece fixing plate
Electromagnet is installed, spray booth side is separately installed with feeding guide-plate and discharging guide plate;The feeding guide-plate tilts installation, into
Material direction is to glide into spray booth, and the outlet that glides is docked with one of Workpiece fixing plate;The discharging guide plate tilts peace
Dress, discharging direction are to glide to outside spray booth, and downslide import is docked with another Workpiece fixing plate, the hardware which provides
Part sprays drying unit automatically, and the spraying and drying of automation are realized to handware, improves the working environment of operator, and
It is efficient.
But when in use, drying equipment many times all uniformly cannot carry out drying and processing to pin, be easy
It causes certain pins that can not dry thoroughly, therefore devises a kind of high applicability pin drying unit of combined type.
Invention content
In order to overcome the shortcomings of that prior art, the present invention provide a kind of high applicability pin drying unit of combined type,
It can effectively solve the problem that the problem of background technology proposes.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of high applicability pin drying unit of combined type, including drying kettle, the drying kettle are internally provided with lamp bracket, the lamp
Drying lamp is installed on frame, is arranged on the outside of the drying kettle there are two air-heater, the air-heater is connected with hot stove interface,
The air-heater other end is connected with blast pipe, and the blast pipe is inserted into inside drying kettle, setting inside the drying kettle
There is drive shaft, drying support is connected on the outside of the drive shaft;
The drying support includes sleeve, and driving flat key is provided on the sleeve lining, installation is provided on the outside of the sleeve
, it is pivotally connected alloy frame in the mounting base, the alloy frame is internally provided with fixed steel cable, the fixed steel cable
Through alloy frame, it is provided with locking nut on the fixed steel cable, one is connected to by spring between the alloy frame and sleeve
It rises.
Further, it is provided with slot on the blast pipe, dedusting strainer is inserted into inside the slot.
Further, the drying lamp both ends, which are connected through the hinge, heat collector panel, and the heat collector panel uses stainless steel material
It is made.
Further, several fixing sleeves are provided on the fixed steel cable, the fixing sleeve uses fluorine silica gel material system
At.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1)The present invention is blown into hot gas by two air-heaters to inside, coordinates with drying lamp, on the drying support of rotation
Pin carries out drying and processing so that internal pin uniformly receives heat, and drying is evenly abundant;
(2)The present invention, come fixing pin, can keep different angles, between heat source under different rotating speeds by drying support
Away from different drying effects difference, it can be dried, be worthy to be popularized for different pins.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the drying support structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Figure label:
1- dries kettle, 2- lamp brackets, 3- drying lamps, 4- air-heaters, 5- hot stove interfaces, 6- blast pipes, 7- drive shafts, 8- drying
Holder, 9- sleeves, 10- driving flat keys, 11- mounting bases, 12- pivots, 13- alloy framves, 14- fixation steel cables, 15- locking nuts,
16- springs, 17- slots, 18- dedusting strainers, 19- hinges, 20- heat collector panels, 21- fixing sleeves.
Specific implementation mode
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the present invention provides a kind of high applicability pin drying units of combined type, including drying kettle
1, the drying kettle 1 is internally provided with lamp bracket 2, and drying lamp 3 is equipped on the lamp bracket 2, and 1 outside of the drying kettle is provided with two
A air-heater 4, the air-heater 4 are connected with hot stove interface 5, and 4 other end of the air-heater is connected with blast pipe 6, institute
It states blast pipe 6 to be inserted into inside drying kettle 1, the drying kettle 1 is internally provided with drive shaft 7, and 7 outside of the drive shaft connects
It is connected to drying support 8;
As shown in Fig. 2, the drying support 8 includes sleeve 9, driving flat key 10, the sleeve are provided on 9 inner wall of the sleeve
9 outsides are provided with mounting base 11, and the mounting base 11 is interior to be connected with alloy frame 13 by pivot 12, is set inside the alloy frame 13
It is equipped with fixed steel cable 14, the fixed steel cable 14 runs through alloy frame 13, locking nut 15, institute are provided on the fixed steel cable 14
It states and is linked together by spring 16 between alloy frame 13 and sleeve 9;
The operation principle of the present invention is that:Pin is placed on alloy frame 13 when in use, is arranged on alloy frame 13 multiple
Mesh facilitates fixed and heat transfer, is strained and fixed and steel cable 14 and is locked by locking nut 15 so that pin is fine
Be fixed, after opening driving motor, driving motor drive drive shaft 7 rotate, when sleeve 9 rotate, centrifuge
Power drives alloy frame 13 far from sleeve 9, to make above fixed pin keep different angles to be sent out to receive drying lamp 3
The hot wind that heat enters with blast pipe 6, upper and lower hot wind carry out hot-air seasoning from both direction to pin, it is ensured that each position
Even heat, uniform rotation drive pin uniformly to absorb heat and carry out drying operation, improve the uniformity of pin drying.
As preferred embodiment, slot 17 is provided on the blast pipe 6, dedusting filter is inserted into 17 inside of the slot
Net 18, improves filter capacity, and dirt is avoided to enter inside.
As preferred embodiment, 3 both ends of the drying lamp are connected with heat collector panel 20, the heat collector panel by hinge 19
20 are made of stainless steel, and improve heat build-up ability, avoid heat losses, it is ensured that the heat that drying lamp 3 is sent out is gathered in
On pin.
As preferred embodiment, several fixing sleeves 21, the fixing sleeve 21 are provided on the fixed steel cable 14
It is made of fluorine silica gel material, improves the fixed stability of pin, pin when rotation is avoided to fall off.
In conclusion the main characteristic of the invention lies in that:
(1)The present invention is blown into hot gas by two air-heaters to inside, coordinates with drying lamp, on the drying support of rotation
Pin carries out drying and processing so that internal pin uniformly receives heat, and drying is evenly abundant;
(2)The present invention, come fixing pin, can keep different angles, between heat source under different rotating speeds by drying support
Away from different drying effects difference, it can be dried, be worthy to be popularized for different pins.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Profit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent requirements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the involved claims.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of high applicability pin drying unit of combined type, including drying kettle(1), the drying kettle(1)It is internally provided with lamp
Frame(2), the lamp bracket(2)On drying lamp is installed(3), it is characterised in that:The drying kettle(1)There are two hot winds for outside setting
Wind turbine(4), the air-heater(4)It is connected with hot stove interface(5), the air-heater(4)The other end is connected with blast pipe
(6), the blast pipe(6)It is inserted into drying kettle(1)Inside, the drying kettle(1)It is internally provided with drive shaft(7), described
Drive shaft(7)Outside is connected with drying support(8);
The drying support(8)Including sleeve(9), the sleeve(9)Driving flat key is provided on inner wall(10), the sleeve
(9)Outside is provided with mounting base(11), the mounting base(11)Inside pass through pivot(12)It is connected with alloy frame(13), the alloy
Frame(13)It is internally provided with fixed steel cable(14), the fixed steel cable(14)Through alloy frame(13), the fixed steel cable(14)
On be provided with locking nut(15), the alloy frame(13)With sleeve(9)Between pass through spring(16)It links together.
2. the high applicability pin drying unit of a kind of combined type according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The blast pipe
(6)On be provided with slot(17), the slot(17)Dedusting strainer is inserted into inside(18).
3. the high applicability pin drying unit of a kind of combined type according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The drying lamp
(3)Both ends pass through hinge(19)It is connected with heat collector panel(20), the heat collector panel(20)It is made of stainless steel.
4. the high applicability pin drying unit of a kind of combined type according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The fixed steel
Rope(14)On be provided with several fixing sleeves(21), the fixing sleeve(21)It is made of fluorine silica gel material.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810698907.8A CN108613520A (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2018-06-29 | A kind of high applicability pin drying unit of combined type |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810698907.8A CN108613520A (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2018-06-29 | A kind of high applicability pin drying unit of combined type |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN108613520A true CN108613520A (en) | 2018-10-02 |
Family
ID=63665896
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201810698907.8A Pending CN108613520A (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2018-06-29 | A kind of high applicability pin drying unit of combined type |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN108613520A (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110207476A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-09-06 | 扬州市职业大学(扬州市广播电视大学) | A kind of automation drying equipment |
CN111998641A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-11-27 | 汕头市天悦科技创新研究院有限公司 | Heat pump microwave drying device |
CN113843076A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2021-12-28 | 宁夏万泰照明科技股份有限公司 | LED lamp shade spraying equipment with powder is mended in spraying |
CN114931175A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-08-23 | 杭州正浩富梅茶叶有限公司 | Intelligent layering and spreading device for Longjing tea |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20110092774A (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-18 | 류봉현 | Paint dry giyong angle adjustment device |
CN202836069U (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2013-03-27 | 陈子腾 | Umbrella drying machine |
CN203946457U (en) * | 2014-07-27 | 2014-11-19 | 常州机电职业技术学院 | A kind of material storage tank |
CN206139414U (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-05-03 | 四川农业大学 | Furniture hardware spare automatic spraying drying device |
CN107490247A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-19 | 兰溪市捷喜食品加工技术有限公司 | Modified rotary dewatering device |
CN207471974U (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-06-08 | 清远鸿泰五金有限公司 | A kind of waste electrical equipment accessory particle drying equipment |
CN207527987U (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-06-22 | 江西贝诺通医疗器械有限公司 | A kind of medical gloves drying device |
CN209214268U (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2019-08-06 | 天津卓帛科技发展有限公司 | A kind of pin drying unit |
-
2018
- 2018-06-29 CN CN201810698907.8A patent/CN108613520A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20110092774A (en) * | 2010-02-10 | 2011-08-18 | 류봉현 | Paint dry giyong angle adjustment device |
CN202836069U (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2013-03-27 | 陈子腾 | Umbrella drying machine |
CN203946457U (en) * | 2014-07-27 | 2014-11-19 | 常州机电职业技术学院 | A kind of material storage tank |
CN206139414U (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2017-05-03 | 四川农业大学 | Furniture hardware spare automatic spraying drying device |
CN107490247A (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2017-12-19 | 兰溪市捷喜食品加工技术有限公司 | Modified rotary dewatering device |
CN207527987U (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-06-22 | 江西贝诺通医疗器械有限公司 | A kind of medical gloves drying device |
CN207471974U (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-06-08 | 清远鸿泰五金有限公司 | A kind of waste electrical equipment accessory particle drying equipment |
CN209214268U (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2019-08-06 | 天津卓帛科技发展有限公司 | A kind of pin drying unit |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
林鸣玉、高睿、黄小勇: "电泳涂装工艺与管理", 30 September 2015, 广东科技出版社, pages: 189 - 190 * |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110207476A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2019-09-06 | 扬州市职业大学(扬州市广播电视大学) | A kind of automation drying equipment |
CN111998641A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-11-27 | 汕头市天悦科技创新研究院有限公司 | Heat pump microwave drying device |
CN113843076A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2021-12-28 | 宁夏万泰照明科技股份有限公司 | LED lamp shade spraying equipment with powder is mended in spraying |
CN114931175A (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2022-08-23 | 杭州正浩富梅茶叶有限公司 | Intelligent layering and spreading device for Longjing tea |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN108613520A (en) | A kind of high applicability pin drying unit of combined type | |
CN209214268U (en) | A kind of pin drying unit | |
CN205582636U (en) | Stoving cooling device is used in enameled wire processing | |
CN111644317A (en) | Surface paint spraying device for processing tubular hardware | |
CN207487332U (en) | A kind of dried orange peel drying unit of homogeneous heating | |
CN107096676B (en) | A kind of equipment that rotary type is used for steel tube surface japanning | |
CN116008163A (en) | Device and method for detecting performance of surface treating agent for electroplating | |
CN109668408A (en) | A kind of dried orange peel drying unit of homogeneous heating | |
CN208108720U (en) | A kind of three proofings control system equipment material drying unit | |
CN102327070A (en) | Electronic frying and baking dual-purpose stove | |
CN113145371A (en) | Electric wire cable aluminum alloy bridge frame surface fire-retardant coating preparation spraying processing system | |
CN206139414U (en) | Furniture hardware spare automatic spraying drying device | |
CN207628600U (en) | A kind of handware automation surface lacquer processing unit | |
CN208033178U (en) | A kind of auto parts and components production cleaning machine | |
CN208017365U (en) | A kind of large diameter electric frying pan | |
CN204746777U (en) | A drying device that sprays paint that is used for production of bell housing or hub | |
CN219615862U (en) | Automatic spraying device for machining electromechanical equipment | |
CN209295644U (en) | Extractor fan is used in a kind of adjustable aluminium paste drying of wind-guiding rate | |
CN107597663A (en) | A kind of cable cleaning device | |
CN208275651U (en) | A kind of radiator spray equipment | |
CN209502190U (en) | A kind of floated baking oven tuyere | |
CN207335316U (en) | A kind of drying device in ceramic sheet casting apparatus | |
CN207527986U (en) | A kind of drying unit of energy-saving cable inhibiting tape | |
CN105865255B (en) | A kind of fan coiler cleaning apparatus | |
CN206046439U (en) | A kind of UV lamp device |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |