CN108612073A - A kind of high-speed railway foundation expansion soil expansion potentiality analyzer - Google Patents
A kind of high-speed railway foundation expansion soil expansion potentiality analyzer Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of high-speed railway foundation expansion soil expansion potentiality analyzer, including becomes voltage-controlled amount water injection unit, axially adjustable uniform infiltration lateral spacing constraint element, becomes lotus loading unit, displacement acquisition unit.Beneficial effects of the present invention：It solves the problems, such as that the lower undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils swell increment of multifactor coupling interaction effect, expansive force measure, also solves the problems, such as that undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils permeability measures in the case where overlying lotus acts on, each component installation of instrument is simple, easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to roadbed swelled ground swell increment, expansive force measurement devices, especially to undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils moisture content, thickness
Degree, the swell increment under three factor coupling of overlying burden, expansive force measure.
Background technology
Swelled ground is a kind of more cracks and the soil property with notable swell-shrink characteristic, is widely distributed, to all kinds of shallow structures
With damaging effect.It finds up to 46, the country there are swelled ground so far in the world, spreads six continents.With other countries' phase
Than China's swelled ground and its engineering problem have the special feature that：First, distribution is wide.China is that swelled ground distribution is widest in the world
One of country, swelled ground distribution area account for about the 1/3 of the territory land gross area, are related to a province more than 20.Every year because swelled ground causes
Geological Hazard caused by economic loss reach tens billion of members.Second is that type is more.The swelled ground of all kinds of genetic types is as deposited
Property, residual Type, karst erosion class have.Third, property is complicated.Swelled ground engineering problem not only has with the ingredient of soil, history of evolution
It closes, and closely related with climatic environment, engineering characteristics.Since swelled ground is rich in hydrophily strong montmorillonite and its mixed layer clay
Mineral, the significantly expansion softening that shows to absorb water under conditions of weather alternating, drying and watering cycle, the rapid shrinkage cracking of dehydration and repeatedly
Swell-shrinking deformation feature, deformation have the characteristics that repeatability, multiple and long-term potentiality with destroying, house, highway, railway,
Underground piping, channel side slopes and other engineering constructions are often subject to swelled ground influence, cause huge economic loss.
With the fast development of China Railway High-speed, for general railway engineering, the swell-shrinking deformation pair of expansive soil foundation
Roadbed influence is smaller, often ignores, and requirement of the high-speed railway subgrade to dilatancy is extremely stringent, such as high-speed railway construction
Middle subgrade settlement allows adjustment amount to be 15mm, and expansion allows adjustment amount to be only 4mm.When high ferro passes through expansive soils, due to
On the one hand the variation of rail level geometry state caused by roadbed dilatancy will cause larger wheel track additional dynamic load, lead to vehicle
Running quality declines, and influences travel safety and comfort；On the other hand, due to the dilatancy of sub-rail foundation, rail is caused
It changes with sub-rail foundation stress, and then causes rail and sub-rail foundation to deform and aggravate with hurt, can dislike again in turn
Change rail level geometry state, aggravates wheel-rail interaction, be thusly-formed vicious circle, seriously affect the military service shape of high-speed railway circuit
State and service life.The main reason for causing high-speed railway subgrade to expand is the expansion of expansive soil foundation, and it is swollen to influence swelled ground
Swollen external factor mainly has moisture content, expansion soil thickness and overlying burden, and infiltration coefficient is to weigh expansion soil body permeability
One important physical mechanical index of energy can be used to the rate for analyzing ground arch, therefore system in-depth study original state expands
Swell increment, expansive force and the permeability of soil are to solve the key problem of high-speed railway subgrade arch.
For the measurement of swelled ground swell increment, associated specialist scholars have carried out a large amount of exploration, as free swelling rate is surveyed
Determine instrument, soil swelling instrument, consolidation apparatus；There is free wxpansion-compression test method for the main method that swelled ground expansive force is tested, add
Expansion-compression test method and constant volume test method(s) are carried, and these test methods mainly carry out in consolidation apparatus；For soil body penetration
The instrument that coefficient measures mainly has constant head lysimeter, varying head lysimeter and GDS triaxial apparatus, these researchs and hair
It is bright, it played an important role in different swelled ground engineerings.
The prior art one：Free swelling rate analyzer is mainly made of no diameter funnel, the native cup of amount, blender etc., main to use
In the free swelling rate of detection clay, to judge the expansion characteristics of the loose grogs of no structural capacity in water.
The prior art one has the following disadvantages：It is only capable of measuring the expansion characteristics of swelled ground, and to swelled ground under actual conditions
Swell increment can not measure.
The prior art two：Soil swelling instrument, mainly there is cutting ring:Φ 61.8mm × 20mm, adjusting screw, lead ring and dial gauge
Composition.It is mainly used for measuring undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils or remolded expansive soils hits the no-load swell increment of real sample and expand aqueous after stablizing
Amount.
The prior art two has the following disadvantages：It is only used for measuring the swell increment of fixed thickness swelled ground, does not account for thickness
Influence with overlying burden to swelled ground swell increment.
The prior art three：Consolidation apparatus is mainly made of components such as dial gauge, cutting ring, lever, counterweights, for measuring clay
Under lateral spacing constraints, different overlying load and the swell increment under different water cut or expansive force.
The prior art three has the following disadvantages：Soil sample is sampled using cutting ring, due to cutting ring limited height, cannot measure expansion
Swell increment, expansive force when soil thickness changes, and Practical Project middle expansive soils thickness on swell increment and expansive force influence compared with
Greatly so that the engineering test result carries certain limitation.
The prior art four：Constant head lysimeter is mainly made of stack shell, water permeating board, scale plate, pressure-measuring pipe etc., water
The survey reading of position can be read by the scale of the scale plate on cylinder.The calculating of water-head and time difference between each pressure-measuring pipe is measured to ooze
Saturating coefficient.
The prior art four has the following disadvantages：The instrument is mainly used for sandy soil and incoherence soil containing a small amount of gravel normal
Permeability under head measures.It is not suitable for the measurement of the cohesive soils infiltration coefficient such as swelled ground.
The prior art five：Varying head lysimeter, instrument is mainly by upper cover, pedestal, block set, cutting ring, permeable stone, screw rod
Deng composition, in the case where being acted on no more than 200cm heads, stands sometime, can start to measure after effluent pipe mouth has water effusion,
By measuring water-head and time difference calculation permeability coefficient between each pressure-measuring pipe.
The prior art five has the following disadvantages：The instrument is mainly used for cohesive soil in varying head and without under overlying load situation
Permeability measures, and cannot measure the lower cohesive soil infiltration coefficient of overlying burden effect, therefore to the measurement of cohesive soil infiltration coefficient
With certain limitation.
The prior art six：GDS triaxial apparatus, instrument is mainly by controller, balancing gate pit and the most of group of data collecting system 3
At.Experiment carries out suction equalization first, and soil sample is made to reach the air water balance under state of a control, then to apply certain waterpower poor, makes
Water simulates steady state test from seepage flow at the top of unsaturation soil sample to soil sample bottom.By observing volume of sample variation and containing in experiment
Water variation carries out infiltration coefficient calculating.
The prior art six has the following disadvantages：Although the instrument can measure be further applied load in the case of the soil body permeability,
But instrumentation is complicated, error is larger, time-consuming and cost is higher.
Invention content
It is above-mentioned existing in the prior art various the invention aims to overcome the problems, such as, for currently without swollen
It is swollen soil under moisture content, thickness, overlying burden coupling swell increment, expansive force determining instrument present situation and currently without
The present situation of the lower undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils permeability measuring instrument of overlying burden effect, proposes that one kind can meet undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils aqueous
Expansive force, expansion measurement under rate, thickness, overlying burden coupling, and the lower undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils of overlying burden effect can be met
Permeability measures, and technical feasibility, reasonable design, economic and practical instrument.
The technical scheme is that：A kind of high-speed railway foundation expansion soil expansion potentiality analyzer, including become voltage-controlled amount
Water injection unit, becomes lotus loading unit, displacement acquisition unit at axially adjustable uniform infiltration lateral spacing constraint element；
The voltage-controlled amount water injection unit of change includes graded tube, water supply container, water inlet pipe choking device, the adjustment cut-off of graded tube capacity
Device, water inlet water-stop, graded tube and water supply container are clamped by necessary supporting rack or supporting table supports, graded tube with for the water capacity
Device is connected to by water pipe, graded tube or water supply container it is height-adjustable, water supply container bottom level always graded tube most
On high range value, scale bottom of the tube is communicated with water pipe, and water inlet pipe choking device is located at the water pipe between graded tube and water supply container
On, graded tube capacity adjustment choking device is located on the drainpipe communicated with scale bottom of the tube, and water inlet water-stop is located at and scale
On the feed pipe that bottom of the tube communicates；
The axially adjustable uniform infiltration lateral spacing constraint element includes pedestal, lateral spacing constraint wall, sealing ring, piston, Water permeable body, side
Limit constraint wall is fastened on pedestal between lateral spacing constraint wall lower part and pedestal, and Water permeable body constrains the inside of wall in lateral spacing,
Pedestal below Water permeable body is equipped with cavity, and cavity is equipped with inlet channel, gas off-take, and inlet channel is communicated with feed pipe, and gas off-take extends
To base exterior and shut-off valve is which is provided with, gas off-take is communicated with air when shut-off valve is opened, and piston side wall is fluted, in groove
It is placed with sealing ring, piston bottom side has inner groovy, inner groovy to be communicated with the external world by outlet pipe；
The change lotus loading unit includes force application apparatus, strain gauge, power transmission spring, upper bearing plate, lower bearing plate, bearing plate
Supporting and mounting bracket, the bearing plate supporting and mounting bracket are fixed on the base including at least three montants, montant bottom or in montants
It is additionally arranged at the bottom stabilizing base, upper bearing plate, lower bearing plate are socketed at least three montants and are fixed on certain of montant by fastener
A height and position, force application apparatus are fixed on bearing plate bottom, are stress sensings between force application apparatus and lower bearing plate upper surface
Device, strain gauge top is contacted with force application apparatus, bottom is contacted with lower bearing plate upper surface, power transmission spring top and lower pressure-bearing
The contact of plate lower surface, bottom are contacted with piston upper surface；
The displacement acquisition unit includes displacement display and height adjuster, supporting rod, and supporting rod one end can slide up and down
Stabilization is on a montant, the other end is stably connected with displacement display, and height adjuster is height-adjustable, height adjuster bottom
It is fixed on piston upper surface, top is in contact with displacement display measurement head.
Pipeline, graded tube between the graded tube and water supply container and the pipeline between inlet channel are rubber hose, convenient
The height of graded tube or water supply container is adjusted, water inlet pipe choking device, graded tube capacity adjustment choking device, water inlet water-stop are
Tongs.
Fastening means between the lateral spacing constraint wall and pedestal is welding or Detachable connection structure, i.e., in side
Limit constraint wall lower outer circumferential tries orchid, then flange is tightened together with pedestal by bolt.
The force application apparatus is detachable electric hydraulic jack, including motor, fuel tank, oil pressure gauge, jacking component, oil
Pipe, jacking component are contacted with strain gauge.
Fastener between the upper bearing plate, lower bearing plate and montant is nut, and montant is threaded rod, respectively in upper pressure-bearing
Plate, the upper surface of lower bearing plate, lower surface are respectively provided with nut.
The power transmission spring pocket be attached to lower bearing plate lower surface, piston upper surface convex block on, limitation power transmission spring is lateral
It is mobile.
The supporting rod can slide up and down on montant, and to be supporting rod one end have annulus, annulus ring wall for a kind of concrete structure
Upper trepanning, annulus set are connected on montant and pass through trepanning, nut end face to hold out against supporting rod by nut.
A kind of height-adjustable concrete structure of the height adjuster is segmentation structure, and top is threaded rod, lower part
It is inner screw sheath, threaded rod is fitted into inner screw sheath.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：The present apparatus is suitable for former under moisture content, thickness, the multifactor coupling interaction of overlying burden
Shape or remolded expansive soils swell increment, expansive force measure, and are also applied for original state or remolded expansive soils under the action of different overlying lotuses
Permeability measures, and solves the problems, such as that the lower undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils swell increment of multifactor coupling interaction effect, expansive force measure, also solves
In the case where overlying lotus acts on, undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils permeability measures problem, and each component installation of instrument is simple, easy to operate.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure composition schematic diagram of the present invention；
In figure, 1- motor, 2- oil pressure gauges, 3- bearing plates supporting and mounting bracket, 4- force application apparatus, 5- displacement displays, 6- height
Adjuster, 7- sealing rings, 8- Water permeable bodies, 9- lateral spacings constraint wall, 10- shut-off valves, 11- strain gauges device for digit-displaying, 12- fuel tanks,
13- water inlets water-stop, 14- water inlet pipes choking device, 15- graded tubes, 16- water supply containers, the upper bearing plates of 17-, 18- stress sensings
Bearing plate, 20- power transmissions spring, 21- outlet pipes, 22- soil samples, 23- graded tube capacity adjustment choking device, 24- drainings under device, 19-
Pipe, 25- feed pipes, 26- pedestals, 27- pistons, 28- cavitys, 29- inlet channels, 30- gas off-takes, 31- sealing rings, 32- montants,
33- supporting rods, 34- nuts, 35- convex blocks, 36- inner groovies.
Specific implementation mode
A kind of high-speed railway foundation expands soil expansion potentiality analyzer, including become voltage-controlled amount water injection unit, it is axially adjustable
Even infiltration lateral spacing constraint element becomes lotus loading unit, displacement acquisition unit；
The voltage-controlled amount water injection unit of change includes graded tube 15, water supply container 16, water inlet pipe choking device 14, the adjustment of graded tube capacity
Choking device 23, water inlet water-stop 13, graded tube 15 is clamped with water supply container 16 by necessary supporting rack or supporting table supports（Figure
It is not shown in 1）, graded tube 15 is connected to water supply container 16 by water pipe, graded tube 15 or water supply container 16 it is height-adjustable,
For 16 bottom level of water supply container always on the maximum scale value of graded tube 15,15 bottom of graded tube is communicated with water pipe, water inlet
Pipe choking device 14 is located on the water pipe between graded tube 15 and water supply container 16, and graded tube capacity adjusts choking device 23 and is located at and quarter
On the drainpipe 24 that 15 bottom of degree pipe communicates, water inlet water-stop 13 is located on the feed pipe 25 communicated with 15 bottom of graded tube.
Water supply container 16 is connected directly by pipeline and water source, according to the sustainable continuous water supply of test requirements document.15 scale of graded tube is equal
Even, minimum scale is 0.01ml, a diameter of 20mm, can be accurately controlled into water in undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils expansive force, expansion measurement
Amount, and then can determine the saturated aqueous rate of swelled ground.
The axially adjustable uniform infiltration lateral spacing constraint element includes pedestal 26, lateral spacing constraint wall 9, sealing ring 7, piston
27, Water permeable body 8, lateral spacing constrain wall 9 on pedestal 26, are fastened between lateral spacing constraint 9 lower part of wall and pedestal 26, Water permeable body
8 constrain the inside of wall 9 in lateral spacing, and the pedestal 26 of 8 lower section of Water permeable body is equipped with cavity 28, and cavity 28 is equipped with inlet channel 29, gas off-take
30, inlet channel 29 is communicated with feed pipe 25, and gas off-take 30 extends to 26 outside of pedestal and which is provided with shut-off valve 10, shut-off valve 10
Gas off-take 30 is communicated with air when opening, and 27 side wall of piston is fluted, and sealing ring 31 is placed in groove, and 27 bottom side of piston has interior
Groove 36, inner groovy 36 are communicated by outlet pipe 21 with the external world, 21 a diameter of 2mm of outlet pipe.
According to the difference of experiment different material compositions can be used, when carrying out permeability test using permeable in Water permeable body 8
Stone uses steel plate+filter paper when carrying out swell increment and expansive force is tested（Permeable hole is opened up on plate）.Carry out swell increment and expansive force
Soil thickness is expanded by the highly controllable system of regulating piston when experiment.
Pedestal 26 is process by 40mm steel plates, circular shape, a diameter of 100mm.Lateral spacing constraint wall 9 is added by steel pipe
Work forms, internal diameter 68mm, outer diameter 82mm, a height of 100mm.The main function of gas off-take 30 is to carry out swelled ground infiltration
Property the gas in pedestal is discharged when measuring, to ensure that moisture content and bottom Water permeable body 8 completely attach to；Sealing ring 7, sealing ring 31
Purpose is to prevent gas leak from being had an impact to soil body permeability.
Piston 27 is processed into the cylinder of a diameter of 68mm by 20mm steel plates, inner groovy 36 a diameter of 40mm, a height of
15mm.Place the wide 2mm of groove, the depth 4mm of sealing ring 31.The main function of piston 27 is on the one hand to measure swelled ground swell increment
With when expansive force can in inner wall it is vertically movable, to adjust expansion soil thickness, on the other hand measure expand soil permeability when from
Sealing and water outlet effect.
The change lotus loading unit include force application apparatus 4, strain gauge 18, power transmission spring 20, upper bearing plate 17, under hold
Pressing plate 19, bearing plate supporting and mounting bracket 3, the bearing plate supporting and mounting bracket 3 has three or four montants 32, montant bottom are fixed
It is additionally arranged at the bottom stabilizing base on base plate 26 or in montant, upper bearing plate 17, lower bearing plate 19 are socketed on montant and by fastener
It is fixed on some height and position of montant, force application apparatus 4 is fixed on 17 bottom of bearing plate, force application apparatus 4 and lower bearing plate 19
It is strain gauge 18 between upper surface, 18 top of strain gauge contacts with force application apparatus 4, bottom and lower 19 upper table of bearing plate
Face contacts, and 20 top of power transmission spring is contacted with lower 19 lower surface of bearing plate, bottom is contacted with 27 upper surface of piston.
The main function of power transmission spring 20 is it can be made to release after swelled ground immersion expansion when applying overlying burden to soil sample
Vertical swell increment and vertical swelling pressure are put, to ensure accurate measurement of the high precision displacement collecting unit to power transmission camber of spring value,
The power transmission spring is demarcated by pertinent instruments, and the expansive force of swelled ground release can be accurately calculated by its deformation values.
The displacement acquisition unit includes displacement display 5 and height adjuster 6, supporting rod 33, and 33 one end of supporting rod can
The stabilization slided up and down is on a montant 32, the other end is stably connected with displacement display 5, and height adjuster 6 is height-adjustable,
6 bottom of height adjuster is weldingly fixed on 27 upper surface of piston, top and is in contact with 5 measurement head of displacement display.Height is adjusted
Device 6 can stretch, and adjust height to adapt under different soils thickness situation, with effectively contacting for displacement display 5.
The displacement measurement accuracy of displacement acquisition unit is 0.001mm.On the one hand the effect of displacement display 5 is to measure to work as
Expansion displacement value of the undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils in moisture content, thickness and overlying burden couple variations, on the other hand by measuring power transmission
The deformation values of spring are accurately to calculate expansive force of the undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils in moisture content, thickness and overlying burden couple variations.
In order to facilitate the height of graded tube 15 or water supply container 16 is adjusted, simplify structure, graded tube 15 and water supply container 16
Between pipeline, the pipeline between graded tube 15 and inlet channel 29 be rubber hose, water inlet pipe choking device 14, the adjustment of graded tube capacity
Choking device 23, water inlet water-stop 13 are tongs.Rubber hose is used, as long as both ends are sealed, does not need complexity
Sealed type elevating structure, can very easily be promoted, decline graded tube 15.Graded tube 15 and the height of water supply container 16 are adjusted
Suspending way may be used, similar hospital transfusion transfusion bottle adjusts the length of lifting rope；Supporting rack, clamper can also be used
Form, iron stand, the test tube clamp of similar chemical experiment, this structure is more stable, and reading is more acurrate.
The effect that 15 height of graded tube can be adjusted has two aspects, is on the one hand measuring undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils swell increment, expansion
When power can simulated groundwater position infiltration, from swelled ground bottom water injection, and have uniform scale on the graded tube 15 of water filling device
Water injection rate can be accurately measured, the height by adjusting graded tube 15 realizes transformation water filling；On the other hand undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils are being measured
The calculating of infiltration coefficient can be realized when permeability by measuring the height of water level in graded tube 15.
It is welding or Detachable connection structure that lateral spacing, which constrains the fastening means between wall 9 and pedestal 26, i.e., in lateral spacing
Constraint 9 lower outer circumferential of wall tries orchid, then flange is tightened together with pedestal 26 by bolt.
The force application apparatus 4 is detachable electric hydraulic jack, including motor 1, fuel tank, oil pressure gauge 2, jacking portion
Part, oil pipe, jacking component are contacted with strain gauge 18.The overlying burden that the observation reading regulation and control of oil pressure gauge 2 apply swelled ground
Size, strain gauge 5 can accurately measure the overlying burden of soil sample 22.
Fastener between upper bearing plate 17, lower bearing plate 19 and montant 33 is nut 34, and montant 33 is threaded rod, is existed respectively
Upper bearing plate 17, the upper surface of lower bearing plate 19, lower surface are respectively provided with nut 34, and upper and lower two nuts are opposite to be screwed.
20 sets of the power transmission spring is attached on the convex block 35 of 19 lower surface of lower bearing plate, 27 upper surface of piston, limits power transmission
20 transverse shifting of spring.
A kind of can slide up and down on montant 32 concrete structure of supporting rod 33 is that supporting rod 33 can be upper and lower on montant 32
A kind of concrete structure of sliding, which is 33 one end of supporting rod, an annulus, trepanning on annulus ring wall, annulus set be connected on montant 32 and by
Nut passes through trepanning, nut end face to hold out against supporting rod.
A kind of height-adjustable concrete structure of the height adjuster 6 is segmentation structure, and top is threaded rod, lower part
It is inner screw sheath, threaded rod, which is fitted into inner screw sheath, forms stretching structure.
The use of the analyzer is as follows：
1, undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils swell increment, expansive force under moisture content, thickness, overlying burden coupling measures test operation step
Process swelled ground according to test objective and design requirement, lateral spacing constraint wall 9 bottom be sequentially placed into steel porous disc and
Filter paper（Filter paper saturated water adsorptive value is checked before the test）, the soil sample 22 processed, regulating piston 27 are put into above filter paper
Make it and contacted at the top of soil sample, first fastens upper bearing plate 17, unclamp again lower bearing plate 19, make lower bearing plate 19 can on montant 32
It is vertically movable, 2kPa overlying burdens are applied by force application apparatus 4, ensures that soil sample and piston are in close contact, applies again by test requirements document
It when certain overlying burden, is pressurizeed by force application apparatus 4, while stress value is read by strain gauge device for digit-displaying 11, work as stress
When the reading of sensor device for digit-displaying 11 reaches test requirements document load, the height lower bearing plate 19 being fixed on where it, doing so is
Prevent jack oil return from keeping payload values less than normal（If it is electrodynamic mechanical type push rod force, so that it may not fasten lower bearing plate 19）,
Error is caused to test result.Water inlet water-stop 13 and shut-off valve 10 are closed after load, from water supply container 16 to scale
Water filling in pipe 15, and record the scale of water level line in graded tube 15.The initial read of displacement display 5 is recorded after water filling
Then number opens 13 water filling into soil sample of water inlet water-stop, and in 21 water receiving of outlet pipe（It is soft that 21 nozzle of outlet pipe connects rubber
Pipe, is guided in measuring cup）, the reading of displacement display 5 is observed, until closing water inlet sealing after 5 stable reading of displacement display
Device 13.
Explanation：The experiment carries out preceding exhaust duct, cavity 28 in axially adjustable uniform infiltration lateral spacing constraint element pedestal
It is checked with the moisture storage capacity of inner groovy 36, to ensure the accuracy of the saturated aqueous rate of swelled ground, the calculating of saturated aqueous rate
Method is the difference of water injection rate and pedestal moisture storage capacity and outlet pipe water receiving amount.Carrying out undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils swell increment and expansive force survey
When amount, piston does not fill sealing ring 31, and it is to prevent from sealing ring 31 from constraining wall friction contraposition shift measurement in wall 9 with lateral spacing to show to do so
The measurement of device brings error, influences swell increment and the accuracy of expansive force.
2, in overlying lotus, the permeability under effect measures test procedure to undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils
Swelled ground is processed according to test objective and design requirement, permeable stone is put into 9 bottom of lateral spacing constraint wall, in permeable stone
Top is put into the soil sample processed, and regulating piston 27 makes it and contacted at the top of soil sample, and upper bearing plate 17 is stationary state, lower pressure-bearing
Plate 19 is releasing orientation, applies 2kPa overlying burdens by jack, ensures that soil sample and piston are in close contact, is applied again by test requirements document
When adding certain overlying burden, equally upper bearing plate 17 is stationary state, and lower bearing plate 19 is releasing orientation, and lower bearing plate is in reinforcing bar
It is upper vertically movable, it is pressurizeed by force application apparatus 4, while stress value is read by strain gauge device for digit-displaying 11, when stress passes
When the reading of sensor device for digit-displaying 11 reaches test requirements document load, the height lower bearing plate being fastened on where it, it is to prevent to do so
Jack oil return keeps payload values less than normal, and error is caused to test result.After 5 stable reading of displacement display, water inlet is closed
Water-stop 13 from the water filling into graded tube 15 of water supply container 16, while recording the height of graded tube 15.Open simultaneously shut-off valve 10
With water inlet water-stop 13, the air of 26 bottom of pedestal is excluded, until the bubble-free from the water of outlet track overflow, closes shut-off valve
10 and water inlet water-stop 13.It drives water pipe choking device 14 into, to 15 note pure water of graded tube, water is made to rise to predetermined altitude（Generally not
It should be greater than 2m）, cut off the water supply after stable level.It drives mouth of a river water-stop 13 into, passes water through sample, when outlet pipe 21 has water to overflow
Start to survey starting water surface elevation and initial time in note graded tube 15 when going out, jotting surface height and time are surveyed in interval on schedule
Variation, and survey note 21 nozzle of outlet pipe water temperature.Water level in graded tube 15 is converted into height, waits for that stable level is surveyed again
Jotting surface height and time change repeat experiment 5-6 times.When the infiltration system measured under different starting water surface elevations in graded tube 15
Number terminates experiment when allowing in difference range.
Explanation：When carrying out undisturbed unsaturated expansive soils permeability test, piston must be with sealing ring 31, and it is to prevent gas leakage to do so
Error is caused to test result.
It is tested according to a large amount of stabilization of equipment performance, it was demonstrated that the present invention can carry out swelled ground in moisture content, thickness, overlying lotus
Carry infiltrative experiment under experiment and the different overlying burdens under coupling.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of high-speed railway foundation expands soil expansion potentiality analyzer, it is characterized in that：Including becoming voltage-controlled amount water injection unit, axial direction
Adjustable uniform infiltration lateral spacing constraint element becomes lotus loading unit, displacement acquisition unit；
The voltage-controlled amount water injection unit of change includes graded tube（15）, water supply container（16）, water inlet pipe choking device（14）, scale tube capacity
Amount adjustment choking device（23）, water inlet water-stop（13）, graded tube（15）With water supply container（16）It is clamped by necessary supporting rack
Or supporting table support, graded tube（15）With water supply container（16）It is connected to by water pipe, graded tube（15）Or water supply container（16）'s
It is height-adjustable, water supply container（16）Bottom level is always in graded tube（15）Maximum scale value on, graded tube（15）Bottom
Portion is communicated with water pipe, water inlet pipe choking device（14）It is located at graded tube（15）With water supply container（16）Between water pipe on, graded tube
Capacity adjusts choking device（23）It is located at and graded tube（15）The drainpipe that bottom communicates（24）On, water inlet water-stop（13）It is located at
With graded tube（15）The feed pipe that bottom communicates（25）On；
The axially adjustable uniform infiltration lateral spacing constraint element includes pedestal（26）, lateral spacing constrain wall（9）, sealing ring（7）, piston
（27）, Water permeable body（8）, lateral spacing constraint wall（9）In pedestal（26）On, lateral spacing constrains wall（9）Lower part and pedestal（26）Between plus
With fastening, Water permeable body（8）Wall is constrained in lateral spacing（9）Inside, Water permeable body（8）The pedestal of lower section（26）Equipped with cavity（28）, empty
Chamber（28）Equipped with inlet channel（29）, gas off-take（30）, inlet channel（29）With feed pipe（25）It communicates, gas off-take（30）Extend to bottom
Seat（26）It is external and which is provided with shut-off valve（10）, shut-off valve（10）Gas off-take when opening（30）It is communicated with air, piston（27）
Side wall is fluted, and sealing ring is placed in groove（31）, piston（27）There is inner groovy in bottom side（36）, inner groovy（36）Pass through water outlet
Pipe（21）It is communicated with the external world；
The change lotus loading unit includes force application apparatus（4）, strain gauge（18）, power transmission spring（20）, upper bearing plate（17）、
Lower bearing plate（19）, bearing plate supporting and mounting bracket（3）, the bearing plate supporting and mounting bracket（3）Including at least three montants（32）,
Montant bottom is fixed on pedestal（26）Above or in montant it is additionally arranged at the bottom stabilizing base, upper bearing plate（17）, lower bearing plate（19）Socket
Some height and position of montant, force application apparatus are fixed at least three montants and by fastener（4）It is fixed on bearing plate
（17）Bottom, force application apparatus（4）With lower bearing plate（19）It is strain gauge between upper surface（18）, strain gauge（18）Top
Portion and force application apparatus（4）Contact, bottom and lower bearing plate（19）Upper surface contacts, power transmission spring（20）Top and lower bearing plate
（19）Lower surface contact, bottom and piston（27）Upper surface contacts；
The displacement acquisition unit includes displacement display（5）And height adjuster（6）, supporting rod（33）, supporting rod（33）One
End, which can slide up and down, stablizes in a montant（32）The upper, other end is stably connected with displacement display（5）, height adjuster（6）
It is height-adjustable, height adjuster（6）Bottom is fixed on piston（27）Upper surface, top and displacement display（5）Measurement head phase
Contact.
2. a kind of high-speed railway foundation according to claim 1 expands soil expansion potentiality analyzer, it is characterized in that：Graded tube
（15）With water supply container（16）Between pipeline, graded tube（15）With inlet channel（29）Between pipeline be rubber hose, facilitate tune
Save graded tube（15）Or water supply container（16）Height, water inlet pipe choking device（14）, graded tube capacity adjust choking device（23）, into
Mouth of a river water-stop（13）It is tongs.
3. a kind of high-speed railway foundation according to claim 1 expands soil expansion potentiality analyzer, it is characterized in that：Lateral spacing is about
Shu Bi（9）With pedestal（26）Between fastening means be welding or Detachable connection structure, i.e., lateral spacing constrain wall（9）
Lower outer circumferential tries orchid, then by bolt flange and pedestal（26）It tightens together.
4. a kind of high-speed railway foundation according to claim 1 expands soil expansion potentiality analyzer, it is characterized in that：It is described to apply
Power apparatus（4）For detachable electric hydraulic jack, including motor（1）, fuel tank, oil pressure gauge（2）, jacking component, oil pipe, top
Ascending part part and strain gauge（18）Contact.
5. a kind of high-speed railway foundation according to claim 1 expands soil expansion potentiality analyzer, it is characterized in that：Upper pressure-bearing
Plate（17）, lower bearing plate（19）With montant（33）Between fastener be nut（34）, montant（33）For threaded rod, held respectively upper
Pressing plate（17）, lower bearing plate（19）Upper surface, lower surface be respectively provided with nut（34）.
6. a kind of high-speed railway foundation according to claim 1 expands soil expansion potentiality analyzer, it is characterized in that：The biography
Power spring（20）Set is attached to lower bearing plate（19）Lower surface, piston（27）The convex block of upper surface（35）On, limit power transmission spring
（20）Transverse shifting.
7. a kind of high-speed railway foundation according to claim 1 expands soil expansion potentiality analyzer, it is characterized in that：Supporting rod
（33）In montant（32）On a kind of can slide up and down concrete structure be supporting rod（33）There is annulus in one end, is opened on annulus ring wall
Hole, annulus set are connected to montant（32）Above and by nut trepanning, nut end face is passed through to hold out against supporting rod.
8. a kind of high-speed railway foundation according to claim 1 expands soil expansion potentiality analyzer, it is characterized in that：The height
Spend adjuster（6）A kind of height-adjustable concrete structure is segmentation structure, and top is threaded rod, and lower part is inner screw sheath,
Threaded rod is fitted into inner screw sheath.
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| CN201810373189.7A CN108612073B (en) | 2018-04-24 | 2018-04-24 | High-speed railway foundation expansive soil expansion potential tester |
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| CN108612073B CN108612073B (en) | 2019-12-17 |
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| CN109682347A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-26 | 国家电网有限公司 | A kind of swelled ground meets the method for measurement of swell increment at different depth during water |
| CN109781578A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-21 | 青岛理工大学 | One kind holding the lower concrete capillary water absorption rate real-time monitoring device of load |
| CN110542703A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2019-12-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device and method for monitoring thermal expansion stress and deformation of foam concrete in constraint state |
| CN111208050A (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-05-29 | 长江大学 | Comparison method and comparison observation device for influence effect of different fluids on permeability characteristics of weathered granite under isobaric seepage effect |
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| CN113138111B (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2023-07-21 | 山东省公路桥梁建设有限公司 | Indoor test method and device for water stability of roadbed filler |
| CN113390783A (en) * | 2021-06-24 | 2021-09-14 | 深圳市市政工程总公司 | Contraction performance detection equipment for slag soil fluidized backfill material |
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