CN108608019B - Hole making method combining drilling and spiral milling - Google Patents
Hole making method combining drilling and spiral milling Download PDFInfo
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- CN108608019B CN108608019B CN201810419601.4A CN201810419601A CN108608019B CN 108608019 B CN108608019 B CN 108608019B CN 201810419601 A CN201810419601 A CN 201810419601A CN 108608019 B CN108608019 B CN 108608019B
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- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002648 laminated material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B35/00—Methods for boring or drilling, or for working essentially requiring the use of boring or drilling machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C3/00—Milling particular work; Special milling operations; Machines therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2215/00—Details of workpieces
- B23B2215/04—Aircraft components
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Milling Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a drilling and spiral milling combined hole making method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1, the cutter feeds forward to drill a pre-processing hole until the rear end cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter extends out of the outlet side; and S2, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter once or for multiple times, reversely feeding the spiral milling hole from the outlet side, milling a hole with the diameter D coaxial with the pre-processing hole to obtain a through hole to be processed, and finishing processing, wherein D is the diameter of the through hole to be processed. When the method is used for drilling composite materials and metal laminated structural members, the composite material layer is processed from the metal layer, so that the defects of layering, tearing and the like exceeding the processing requirement of the composite materials can be avoided, and the processing quality is improved; the composite material outlet side does not need to use an additional base plate, so that the cost is saved, the processing process is simplified, the production efficiency is improved, the design difficulty of the cutter is reduced, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hole making processing in aerospace craft assembly, in particular to a hole making method combining drilling and spiral hole milling.
Background
In the design of aerospace craft, a great deal of composite materials are used, and the problem of hole making of a composite material and metal laminated structure is often encountered in the process of aircraft assembly. Due to the complex structure of the aircraft, the limited operation space during the assembly and hole making, special design requirements and the like, in the hole making of some composite materials and metal laminated structures, a cutter must be cut into the composite material from the metal side and cut out from the composite material side. A common method for making holes is to use a drill to drill holes, and when using this method, a large axial cutting force is generated. Another new method of making holes is to use a special end mill to perform helical milling, which has a lower axial cutting force than the drilled hole but still exists. The composite material is usually formed by combining a plurality of layers of fibers, the resin matrix material with weaker strength is usually arranged between different fiber layers, axial force in the process is a main cause of processing damage of the composite material, when a cutter cuts out from one side of the composite material, the fiber layer near the outlet side is deformed under the action of axial cutting force of the cutter, the resin matrix between the different fiber layers is pulled apart, processing defects such as layering and tearing are formed, the quality of hole making is influenced, and the processing defects are formed at the outlet side of a drilled hole as shown in fig. 6, and the processing defects are formed at the outlet side of a spiral milled hole as shown in fig. 8. If a layer of backing plate is added at the rear end of the composite material, when a cutter cuts to the side close to the outlet of the composite material, the fiber layer close to the outlet side can be supported by the backing plate without large deformation, and the resin matrix between the fiber layers cannot be damaged, so that the processing defects of layering, tearing and the like are avoided, such as the situation that the backing plate is drilled in fig. 7, and the situation that the backing plate is drilled in a spiral hole milling mode in fig. 9. In actual production, however, a backing plate cannot be additionally arranged on the back surface of the composite material during hole making in some cases; although the base plate can be additionally installed in the hole making process under some conditions, the installation and the disassembly of the base plate greatly increase the production cost and reduce the production efficiency.
Therefore, for the laminated structure of the composite material and the metal which must be cut from the composite material side, how to realize the defect-free high-quality hole making without the backing plate is a technical problem which is urgently needed to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a drilling and spiral hole milling combined hole making method aiming at the problems, and aims at overcoming the defects that a composite material outlet is easy to be layered and torn and the like and the cushion plate is time-consuming and labor-consuming to install. The invention adopts the following technical means:
a combined drilling and spiral milling hole making method comprises the following steps:
s1, forwardly feeding the cutter to drill a pre-processing hole, wherein the aperture of the pre-processing hole is D1, D1 is smaller than D, and D is the aperture of a through hole to be processed until the rear end cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter extends out of the outlet side;
and S2, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter once or for multiple times, and reversely feeding the cutter from the outlet side (the material of the outlet side is a composite material) to mill a through hole with the hole diameter D.
The step S1 includes the steps of:
s11, calculating the aperture D1 of the pre-processing hole;
s12, selecting a cutter;
s13, clamping the workpiece to be machined and the cutter;
and S14, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter to be e1 equal to 0, driving the cutter to drill a pre-processing hole with the diameter of D1 from the inlet side in a forward feeding mode until the rear end cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter extends out of the outlet side.
The step S2 includes the steps of:
s21, if D-Di is less than D-D0, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter to e-2, (D-D)/2, reversely feeding the spiral milling hole from the outlet side, milling a hole with the diameter D coaxial with the pre-processing hole to obtain a through hole to be processed, and finishing processing, wherein Di is the diameter of the outlet side after the previous spiral milling hole, D is the diameter of the cutting part of the cutter, D0 is the diameter of the neck part of the cutter, and i-1, 2, 3 and 4 … …;
if D-Di is larger than or equal to D-D0, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter to e (i +1) to meet ei < e (i +1) < ei + (D-D0)/2, reversely feeding the spiral milling hole from the outlet side, milling a through hole coaxial with a pre-processing hole, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter to e0< e (i +1), and forwardly feeding to enable the rear end cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter to extend out of the outlet side, wherein Di is the diameter of the outlet side after the previous spiral milling hole, D is the diameter of the cutting part of the cutter, D0 is the diameter of the neck of the cutter, ei is the diameter of the hole with Di generated on the outlet side, the eccentricity of the cutter, and e (i +1) is the current spiral milling hole, the eccentricity of the cutter, i is 1, 2, 3, 4 … …;
and S22, repeating the step S21.
In step S11, the calculation method of D1 is: according to the aperture D of the through hole to be processed, the radial unilateral maximum width K of the damaged area required by processing and the radial unilateral maximum width K1 of the damaged area generated by drilling the pre-processed hole determined by the past experimental data and production experience, then D1 meets the following requirements:
d1< D +2 xK-2 xK 1, and the specific value of D1 is determined according to actual conditions.
In step S12, the tool selection method includes: the cutter includes cutting portion, neck and stalk portion, and the cutting portion includes front end cutting district, circumference cutting district and rear end cutting district, and the diameter D of cutting portion satisfies D1 for D, and neck diameter D0 satisfies D0< D, and the length H of neck > H, H are the hole depth of the through-hole of treating the processing, and when forward feed reached the rear end cutting district of the cutting portion of cutter stretches out the outlet side, the stalk portion did not get into downtheholely.
The workpiece to be processed is of a laminated structure and comprises at least one layer of composite material and at least one layer of metal material.
The driving device of the cutter is a machining center or special spiral milling equipment with an automatic eccentricity adjusting function or other machining equipment capable of driving the cutter to realize the required movement.
In step S21, the method of feeding the spiral milled holes from the outlet side in the reverse direction includes: the cutter rotates at a high speed and simultaneously feeds to the outlet side along a spiral track, and the outlet side is subjected to spiral milling by utilizing the rear end cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the defects of layering, tearing and the like exceeding the processing requirements of the composite material can be avoided, and the processing quality is improved. In the process of drilling the pre-processing hole, as the back surface of the composite material is not provided with the base plate, larger processing defects can be generated, but the defective material can be cut in the subsequent reverse feeding spiral hole milling process, and new processing defects can not be generated in the reverse feeding spiral hole milling process. This is because the axial force direction to which the composite material is subjected is changed during the reverse-feed helical milling, and deformation which may cause delamination and tearing of the exit-side fiber layer is not generated. When the cutter reversely feeds the spiral milling hole to be close to the interface of the composite material and the metal layer, the metal layer can be used as a backing plate, so that the fiber layer of the composite material at the position does not have the defects of layering, tearing and the like.
2. The composite material outlet side does not need to use an additional base plate, so that the cost is saved, the processing process is simplified, and the production efficiency is improved.
3. The design difficulty of the cutter is reduced. When the front-end cutting area is fed forwards to drill a pre-processing hole, the processing defects in a certain scale are allowed to be generated, which is equivalent to reducing the design requirement of the edge shape of the front-end cutting area, and a usable cutter is more easily obtained.
4. The service life of the cutter is prolonged. When the front-end cutting area is used for forward feeding to drill a pre-processing hole, the processing defects within a certain scale are allowed to be generated, so that the front-end cutting area can be continuously used even if the processing quality is reduced after the cutting edge of the front-end cutting area is abraded to a certain extent until the generated processing defects exceed the allowable value of the invention. When the reverse feeding spiral milling hole of the rear end cutting area is used, the metal layer can be used as a backing plate, so that even if a certain degree of abrasion is generated, the processing defect can not be generated on one side of the composite material, which is close to the metal.
Based on the reasons, the invention can be widely popularized in the fields of hole-making processing technology and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a combined drilling and helical milling method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a cutter in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cutter forward feed drill preparation hole in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the eccentric adjustment of the cutter according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the reverse feed of the cutter from the outlet side for helical milling of holes in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of forming processing damage on the exit side of a composite material by a conventional drilling method in the background art of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of suppressing processing damage when a backing plate is provided on an outlet side of a composite material in a conventional drilling processing method in the background art of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of forming machining damage on an outlet side of a composite material in a conventional spiral hole milling method in the background art of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a principle of suppressing processing damage when a shim plate is provided on an outlet side of a composite material in a conventional spiral hole milling processing method in the background art of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a graph comparing the exit quality of the final hole machined by the hole-making method of the present invention for a combination of drilling and helical milling of composite and metal laminate structures with the exit quality of the pre-machined hole drilled by the first feed forward from the entry side.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The directional terms used herein, such as up, down, left, right, etc., are used with reference to the orientation of the drawings, and thus, are used for purposes of illustration and are not intended to limit the present invention.
A hole making method combining drilling and spiral hole milling is suitable for processing a laminated structure of composite materials and metal, is also suitable for making holes of single-layer composite materials, composite material lamination, single-layer metal and metal laminated materials, and is used for avoiding processing defects such as flash and burr on an outlet side.
The composite material mentioned in the invention mainly refers to carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composite material, but also includes other composite materials with different fibers and matrix materials, and the metal material mainly includes but is not limited to titanium alloy, aluminum alloy, high-strength steel and other metal materials.
The processing defects mentioned in the present invention include, but are not limited to, delamination and tearing processing defects. The invention is also applicable to other defects caused by no backing plate support at the outlet side or other processing defects with the same characteristics as delamination and tearing but different names.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1, forwardly feeding the cutter to drill a pre-processing hole, wherein the aperture of the pre-processing hole is D1, D1 is smaller than D, and D is the aperture of a through hole to be processed until the rear end cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter extends out of the outlet side;
and S2, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter once or for multiple times, and milling a through hole with the diameter of D by reversely feeding the spiral milling hole from the outlet side.
The step S1 includes the steps of:
s11, calculating the aperture D1 of the pre-processing hole;
s12, selecting a cutter;
s13, clamping the workpiece to be machined and the cutter;
and S14, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter to be e1 equal to 0, driving the cutter to drill a pre-processing hole with the diameter of D1 from the inlet side in a forward feeding mode until the rear end cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter extends out of the outlet side.
The step S2 includes the steps of:
s21, if D-Di is less than D-D0, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter to e-2, (D-D)/2, reversely feeding the spiral milling hole from the outlet side, milling a hole with the diameter D coaxial with the pre-processing hole to obtain a through hole to be processed, and finishing processing, wherein Di is the diameter of the outlet side after the previous spiral milling hole, D is the diameter of the cutting part of the cutter, D0 is the diameter of the neck part of the cutter, and i-1, 2, 3 and 4 … …;
if D-Di is larger than or equal to D-D0, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter to e (i +1) to meet ei < e (i +1) < ei + (D-D0)/2, reversely feeding the spiral milling hole from the outlet side, milling a through hole coaxial with a pre-processing hole, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter to e0< e (i +1), and forwardly feeding to enable the rear end cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter to extend out of the outlet side, wherein Di is the diameter of the outlet side after the previous spiral milling hole, D is the diameter of the cutting part of the cutter, D0 is the diameter of the neck of the cutter, ei is the diameter of the hole with Di generated on the outlet side, the eccentricity of the cutter, and e (i +1) is the current spiral milling hole, the eccentricity of the cutter, i is 1, 2, 3, 4 … …;
and S22, repeating the step S21.
In step S11, the calculation method of D1 is: according to the aperture D of the through hole to be processed, the radial unilateral maximum width K of the damaged area required by processing and the radial unilateral maximum width K1 of the damaged area generated by drilling the pre-processed hole determined by the past experimental data and production experience, then D1 meets the following requirements:
d1< D +2 xK-2 xK 1, and the specific value of D1 is determined according to actual conditions.
In step S12, the tool selection method includes: the cutter includes cutting portion, neck and stalk portion, and the cutting portion includes front end cutting district, circumference cutting district and rear end cutting district, and the diameter D of cutting portion satisfies D1 for D, and neck diameter D0 satisfies D0< D, and the length H of neck > H, H are the hole depth of the through-hole of treating the processing, and when forward feed reached the rear end cutting district of the cutting portion of cutter stretches out the outlet side, the stalk portion did not get into downtheholely.
The workpiece to be processed is of a laminated structure and comprises at least one layer of composite material and at least one layer of metal material.
The driving device of the cutter is a machining center or special spiral milling equipment with an automatic eccentricity adjusting function or other machining equipment capable of driving the cutter to realize the required movement.
In step S21, the method of feeding the spiral milled holes from the outlet side in the reverse direction includes: the cutter rotates at a high speed and simultaneously feeds to the outlet side along a spiral track, and the outlet side is subjected to spiral milling by utilizing the rear end cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter.
If the workpiece has small holes, blind holes, guide holes and other types of holes with the diameter smaller than that of the through holes to be processed, the holes are processed and manufactured according to the steps of the method.
If a small through hole is formed in the workpiece, the cutting part of the cutter is allowed to extend out, and the length of the neck part of the cutter is larger than the depth of the through hole to be processed, the reverse reaming can be directly carried out by using the method of the invention under the condition.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, a hole making method combining drilling and spiral milling is shown in fig. 10, which is a comparison graph of the outlet quality of the final hole obtained by the hole making method combining drilling and spiral milling of a composite material and metal laminated structure by the method of the present invention and the outlet quality of the prepared hole obtained by the first forward feeding drilling from the inlet side. The hole diameter D of a through hole to be machined is 14mm, the thickness H of a workpiece to be machined is 20mm, and the radial unilateral maximum width K of a damage area required by machining is 0, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1, the cutter 9 feeds forward to drill a pre-processing hole until the rear end cutting area 4 of the cutting part 1 of the cutter 9 extends out of the outlet side, and the specific steps are as follows:
s11, calculating the aperture D1 of the pre-processing hole:
according to the aperture D of the through hole to be machined being 14mm, the radial unilateral maximum width K of the damaged area required by machining is 0 and the radial unilateral maximum width K1 of the damaged area generated by drilling the pre-machined hole determined by previous experimental data and production experience is 1mm, then D1 satisfies:
d1< D +2 xK-2 xK 1, wherein the specific numerical value of D1 is determined according to actual conditions, and D1 is 10 mm;
s12, selecting a cutter 9:
the tool 9 comprises a cutting part 1, a neck part 2 and a shank part 3, the cutting part 1 comprises a front end cutting area 6, a circumference cutting area 5 and a rear end cutting area 4, the diameter D of the cutting part 1 is D1, D is 10mm, the diameter D0 of the neck part 2 is D0, D0 is 8mm, the length H of the neck part 2 is H, H is 30mm, and when the rear end cutting area 4 of the cutting part 1 which is fed forward to the tool 9 extends out of an outlet side, the shank part 3 does not enter a hole;
s13, clamping a workpiece to be machined and the cutter 9, wherein the workpiece to be machined is of a laminated structure and comprises a layer of composite material 7 and a layer of metal material 8, and the cutter 9 is clamped on a device capable of rotating and revolving with a certain eccentric amount, so that the axis of the cutter 9 is parallel to the axis of the through hole to be machined;
and S14, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter 9 to e1 equal to 0, driving the cutter 9 to drill a pre-processing hole with the diameter of D1 from the inlet side in a forward feeding manner until the rear end cutting area 4 of the cutting part 1 of the cutter 9 extends out of the outlet side, wherein the driving device is a machining center or special spiral milling equipment with an automatic eccentricity adjusting function or other machining equipment capable of driving the cutter 9 to move as required by the invention.
And S2, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter once or for multiple times, and milling a through hole with the diameter of D by reversely feeding the spiral milling hole from the outlet side. The method comprises the following specific steps:
s21, D-D1 is 4mm, D-D0 is 2mm, D-D1 is equal to or larger than D-D0, the eccentricity of the tool 9 is adjusted to e (1+1) ═ 0.8mm, e1< e (1+1) < e1+ (D-D0)/2, the spiral milling hole is fed reversely from the outlet side, a through hole coaxial with the pre-machined hole is milled, the tool 9 is fed to the outlet side along the spiral track while rotating at high speed, the outlet side is spirally milled by using the rear end cutting area 4 of the cutting part 1 of the tool 9, the eccentricity of the tool 9 is adjusted to e0 ═ 0.7mm < e (1+1), and the forward feeding is performed, so that the rear end cutting area 4 of the cutting part 1 of the tool 9 extends out of the outlet side;
s22, D-D2 is 2.4mm, D-D0 is 2mm, D-D2 is equal to or greater than D-D0, the eccentricity of the tool 9 is adjusted to e (2+1) 1.6mm, e2< e (2+1) < e2+ (D-D0)/2, the spiral milling is performed from the outlet side in a reverse direction, a through hole coaxial with the pre-machined hole is milled, the tool 9 is fed to the outlet side along the spiral track while rotating at a high speed, the spiral milling is performed by using the rear end cutting area 4 of the cutting part 1 of the tool 9, the eccentricity of the tool 9 is adjusted to e0< e (2+1) in a forward direction, the rear end cutting area 4 of the cutting part 1 of the tool 9 is extended out of the outlet side, and D2 is the aperture of the outlet side obtained in step S21;
s23, D-D3 is 0.8mm, D-D0 is 2mm, D-D3< D-D0, the eccentricity of the tool 9 is adjusted to e (D-D)/2 mm, a helical milling hole is reversely fed from the outlet side, a hole with a diameter D coaxial with the pre-machining hole is milled, a through hole to be machined is obtained, and D3 is the diameter of the outlet side obtained in step S22 after machining.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A hole making method combining drilling and spiral milling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, forwardly feeding the cutter to drill a pre-processing hole, wherein the aperture of the pre-processing hole is D1, D1 is smaller than D, and D is the aperture of a through hole to be processed until the rear end cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter extends out of the outlet side;
s2, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter once or for many times, and milling a through hole with a diameter D by reversely feeding the spiral milling hole from the outlet side;
the step S2 includes the steps of:
s21, if D-Di is less than D-D0, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter to e-2, (D-D)/2, reversely feeding the spiral milling hole from the outlet side, milling a hole with the diameter D coaxial with the pre-processing hole to obtain a through hole to be processed, and finishing processing, wherein Di is the diameter of the outlet side after the previous spiral milling hole, D is the diameter of the cutting part of the cutter, D0 is the diameter of the neck part of the cutter, and i-1, 2, 3 and 4 … …;
if D-Di is larger than or equal to D-D0, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter to e (i +1) to meet ei < e (i +1) < ei + (D-D0)/2, milling a through hole coaxial with a pre-processing hole by reversely feeding a spiral milling hole from an outlet side, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter to e0< e (i +1), and forward feeding to enable a rear end cutting area of a cutting part of the cutter to extend out of the outlet side, wherein Di is the diameter of the outlet side after the previous spiral milling hole, D is the diameter of the cutting part of the cutter, D0 is the diameter of a neck of the cutter, ei is the diameter of a hole with Di generated on the outlet side, the eccentricity of the cutter, and e (i +1) is the current spiral milling hole, wherein i is 1, 2, 3 and 4 … …;
and S22, repeating the step S21.
2. A combined drilling and helical milling method according to claim 1, wherein:
the step S1 includes the steps of:
s11, calculating the aperture D1 of the pre-processing hole;
s12, selecting a cutter;
s13, clamping the workpiece to be machined and the cutter;
and S14, adjusting the eccentricity of the cutter to be e1 equal to 0, driving the cutter to drill a pre-processing hole with the diameter of D1 from the inlet side in a forward feeding mode until the rear end cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter extends out of the outlet side.
3. A combined drilling and helical milling method according to claim 2, wherein:
in step S11, the calculation method of D1 is: according to the aperture D of the through hole to be processed, the radial unilateral maximum width K of the damaged area required by processing and the radial unilateral maximum width K1 of the damaged area generated by drilling the pre-processed hole determined by the past experimental data and production experience, then D1 meets the following requirements:
d1< D +2 xK-2 xK 1, and the specific value of D1 is determined according to actual conditions.
4. A combined drilling and helical milling method according to claim 2, wherein:
in step S12, the tool selection method includes: the cutter includes cutting portion, neck and stalk portion, and the cutting portion includes front end cutting district, circumference cutting district and rear end cutting district, and the diameter D of cutting portion satisfies D1 for D, and neck diameter D0 satisfies D0< D, and the length H of neck > H, H are the hole depth of the through-hole of treating the processing, and when forward feed reached the rear end cutting district of the cutting portion of cutter stretches out the outlet side, the stalk portion did not get into downtheholely.
5. A combined drilling and helical milling method according to claim 2, wherein: the workpiece to be processed is of a laminated structure and comprises at least one layer of composite material and at least one layer of metal material.
6. A combined drilling and helical milling method according to claim 1, wherein: the driving device of the cutter is a machining center or special spiral milling equipment with an automatic eccentricity adjusting function or other machining equipment capable of driving the cutter to realize required movement.
7. A combined drilling and helical milling method according to claim 1, wherein:
in step S21, the method of feeding the spiral milled holes from the outlet side in the reverse direction includes: the cutter rotates at a high speed and simultaneously feeds to the outlet side along a spiral track, and the outlet side is subjected to spiral milling by utilizing the rear end cutting area of the cutting part of the cutter.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810419601.4A CN108608019B (en) | 2018-05-04 | 2018-05-04 | Hole making method combining drilling and spiral milling |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810419601.4A CN108608019B (en) | 2018-05-04 | 2018-05-04 | Hole making method combining drilling and spiral milling |
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| CN111482641B (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2021-06-22 | 大连理工大学 | Eccentricity adjusting method for spiral milling hole |
| CN112139528A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-12-29 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Machining method for through hole boring of aluminum alloy part |
| CN112317822B (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2022-06-14 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for machining small-diameter high-precision hole |
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