JP5750149B2 - Replaceable tip drill - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a blade-replaceable drill that is particularly suitable for processing FRP (fiber reinforced plastics) and metal stacks.

  In recent years, FRP, especially CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastics), has attracted particular attention as a structural material for aircraft fuselage and wings. The CFRP may be provided as a composite plate material by combining metals such as titanium alloy and aluminum.

  As the composite plate material, a material in which a metal is stacked on one surface of CFRP (hereinafter simply referred to as a stacked plate) is used. For example, when forming the fuselage or wing of an airplane, it is necessary to make a hole through which a fastening material such as a bolt or a rivet passes.

  As a tool for the drilling, for example, it is conceivable to use a drill proposed in the following Patent Document 1 for FRP processing.

  In the drill described in Patent Document 1, the tip angle is set to a multi-stage, and the tip angle on the outer diameter side is made smaller than the tip angle on the inner diameter side. The spreading action is reduced on the outer end side, thereby suppressing the occurrence of burrs at the through hole (exit) of the processed through hole.

JP-A-5-177420

  In the drill of Patent Document 1, the effect of increasing the tip angle is demonstrated in the processing of a single plate of FRP, but the strength of the processing of the above-mentioned stacked plate in which CFRP and metal are laminated is not sufficient. When performing the main processing with the same drill after the hole processing, the cutting edge tends to be chipped when biting into the prepared hole.

  Processing with pilot holes can suppress power increase. For this reason, it is possible to process the above-mentioned stacked plate by providing a pilot hole in advance even with a solid drill having a general shape used for metal processing. The problem of chipping in the blade occurs.

  In addition, as a countermeasure against chipping of a cutting edge, a so-called negative land application or a blade edge strengthening process by honing is known. However, in these methods, since the sharpness is dull, the effect of reducing the spindle load is impaired, and further, delamination (delamination between layers, separation of CFRP and separation of CFRP and metal) occurs at the hole entrance / exit portions of the laminated plate. It tends to happen.

  Therefore, the present invention reduces the chipping of the cutting edge while suppressing delamination that causes a reduction in product quality for the FRP, especially the above-mentioned drill for laminating, thereby ensuring good machining performance. The challenge is to achieve both improved durability.

In order to solve the above-described problems, in the present invention, a detachable cutting head is provided at the tip of a drill body, and the cutting head has a cutting edge that linearly extends from the center of rotation to the radially outer end in an axial end view. The following configuration was added to a blade-type replaceable drill provided with a twisted groove. That is, a thinning surface (negative thinning surface) is formed on the rake face connected to the cutting edge so as to be inclined with respect to the rotation axis so that the axial rake angle of the cutting edge is a negative angle. It was installed in the entire region from the radially inner end to the radially outer end.
The rotation center portion may have a chisel blade having a chisel width of 0.5 mm or less.

  In this blade-tip replaceable drill, when the inclination angle (= the rake angle in the axial direction of the cutting edge) θ of the thinning surface with respect to the rotation axis is set to 0 ° <θ <25 °, more preferably 5 ° <θ <10 °. Good.

  The dimension (thinning width) W in the rotation axis direction at the radially outer end portion of the cutting edge of the thinning surface may be 0.2 mm to 1.0 mm.

A margin having a width in the rotational direction is formed at a radially outer end portion of the cutting edge adjacent to the twist groove on the land portion on the outer periphery of the cutting head, and the twist groove side end of the margin has a leading edge. It may be formed. The margin is the main margin, a sub margin is arranged behind the main margin in the drill rotation direction, and the clearance between the two margins (the slack formed between the two margins) (diameter direction) It is desirable to set the dimension) to 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm.

  Furthermore, it is preferable to attach a back taper of 1/100 to 1.5 / 100 mm to the cutting head. In addition, the twisted groove is preferably a slightly twisted groove having a twist angle of about 20 °.

  In the drill of this invention, the cutting edge is shaped to extend linearly from the rotation center to the radially outer end, and the entire area of the cutting edge is changed to a blade having a negative rake angle by installing a thinning surface. It is possible to achieve both suppression of delamination and improved durability of the cutting edge.

  The drill that can replace the cutting head can set the back taper to be larger (for example, about 1/100 to 1.5 / 100 mm) than the solid drill, reduce the friction surface, and generate heat during processing. As a result, it is possible to suppress deterioration in the quality of the processed hole surface (such as burning of the hole wall surface).

  In addition, the rake angle of the entire cutting edge is set to a negative angle (negative) by providing a thinning surface on the rake face along the cutting edge, which improves the chipping resistance of the cutting edge and bites into the pilot hole. Chipping of the cutting edge when sticking is suppressed.

  Furthermore, according to the structure which improves the chipping resistance of the cutting edge by setting the thinning surface, the sharpening of the sharpness is not as strong as the drill whose edge is strengthened by negative land or honing treatment. In addition to this, the cutting edge has a shape that extends linearly from the center of rotation to the radially outer end, the leading edge becomes sharp, the CFRP carbon fiber is easily cut, and the delamination suppression function is also secured. The

  In addition, since the tool cost is reduced as compared with the solid drill, the blade tip exchange type drill has a particularly high economic effect when using a drill having a diameter exceeding 12 mm which increases the amount of material used. Also, in the processing of CFRP laminated plates, whose life is extremely shortened compared to metal processing, the tool management in a short polishing cycle becomes complicated, but the blade-replaceable drill requires a re-polishing process for blade edge regeneration. Since it can be eliminated, it is advantageous in terms of tool management.

(A): Side view showing an example of the drill of the present invention, (b): Enlarged view of the margin near the outer edge of the cutting edge as seen in the X direction of FIG. 1 (a) Front view of the drill of FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a portion along the line III-III in FIG. The front view which shows the example which raised the margin height of the drill of this invention A diagram of a drill without a thinning surface (θ = 0 °) cut at the same position as line III-III in Fig. 2 (A): Explanatory view of the centering angle of the conventional drill, (b): Explanatory view of the centering angle of the drill provided with the chisel edge according to the present invention. Front view showing a general blade type of a drill Sectional view showing an example of work material

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the blade-tip replaceable drill according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 of the accompanying drawings. In the drill shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a cutting head 2 is detachably attached to the tip of a drill body 1 made of tool steel or the like with two fastening bolts 3, and the cutting head 2 has a centrally symmetrical shape. The two cutting edges 4 and 4 are provided. Further, two twisted grooves 5 and 5 for discharging chips, main margins 6 and 6 and sub margins 7 and 7 are provided.

  The drill body 1 has two twisted grooves 5 ′ and 5 ′ connected to the twisted grooves 5 and 5 of the cutting head 2, but the drill body 1 has no margin. Further, the drill body 1 has an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the rear end in the axial direction of the cutting head 2.

  The cutting head 2 has a back taper of 1/100 to 1.5 / 100 mm. By providing this large back taper, frictional heat during processing can be suppressed.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the cutting blades 4, 4 provided on the cutting head 2 are blades that linearly extend from the center of rotation to the radially outer end in the axial end view (front view) of the drill. In the general blade type as shown in FIG. 7, the contact angle β between the cutting edge 4 and the workpiece is greatly obtuse (β> 90 °) at the leading edge 8 portion, while the straight edge is cut. In the blade, as shown in FIG. 2, the contact angle β between the cutting edge 4 and the material to be cut can be set to 90 °, and the fiber is easily cut. As described above, if the contact angle β can be maintained in the vicinity of 90 °, the effect of the present invention can be obtained, so that the cutting edge may have a small amount of centering. More specifically, the cutting edge 4 may have a chisel edge at the center of rotation, and the width of the chisel edge is preferably 0.5 mm or less in relation to the contact angle β. If the width of the chisel edge is 0.5 mm or less, the centering amount Y is small and the centering angle α shown in FIG. 6 can be kept small as shown in FIG. The contact angle with respect to is kept small, so that the delamination suppressing effect is also exhibited as expected. This was confirmed by experiments.

  A thinning surface 10 is provided on the rake face 9 along the cutting edge 4. As shown in FIG. 3, the thinning surface 10 is a surface inclined in a direction in which the axial rear portion of the surface is separated from the rotation axis (center axis) CL of the drill, and is an inner end at the rotation center of the cutting edge. To the radially outer end, thereby giving a negative rake angle to the entire area of the cutting edge 4.

  The inclination angle θ of the thinning surface 10 with respect to the rotation axis CL may be set to a range of 0 ° <θ <25 °, more preferably 5 ° to 10 °. When the inclination angle θ is 0 ° or less, the reinforcing effect of the cutting edge is insufficient, and when it exceeds 25 °, the delamination is not sufficiently suppressed due to the decrease in sharpness.

Moreover, it is preferable that the dimension (W of FIG. 1) of the rotating shaft direction in the radial direction outer end part of the cutting edge of the thinning surface 10 shall be 0.2 mm-1.0 mm. In order to obtain the effect of strengthening the cutting edge, it is preferable to set the width W to a size of 0.2 mm or more. However, if the width W is large, in the case of a drill with a margin where the torsion angle and the inclination angle of the thinning surface are large, As shown in FIG. 1B, the margin width W2 ′ (rotation direction) near the cutting edge becomes small. If the area where the margin width is reduced is large, the margin guiding effect is lowered, and therefore W is more preferably set to 1.0 mm or less.

  The clearance angle γ (see FIG. 3) of the front front flank 11 is set to 15 °. The clearance angle γ is not limited to this range, but if the clearance angle is too large, the effect of cutting edge strengthening by the thinning surface 10 is diminished and the possibility of chipping increases. On the other hand, if the clearance angle is too small, there is a high possibility that the front clearance surface 11 is rubbed due to elastic deformation of the work material, and although the work material has a pilot hole, it leads to an increase in thrust during processing.

As shown in FIGS . 1 and 2, the main margin 6 is provided adjacent to the twist groove 5 so as to have a width W2 ′ at the radially outer end of the cutting edge 4 at the tip of the land 12 in the rotational direction. The leading edge 8 is the end of the main margin 6 on the side of the twisted groove 5. A so-called double margin design is made by providing a sub margin 7 on the outer periphery of the land portion at a position moved rearward in the rotational direction by a predetermined amount from the main margin 6, and bites the work material by improving the guideability by installing the sub margin. Disturbance of behavior is suppressed.

  In the case of machining having a pilot hole, since the axis center of the pilot hole and the axis center of the tool may not be on the same axis, the behavior during cutting may be disturbed. For this reason, in processing of FRP, powdered chips and titanium alloy chips are likely to enter the gap on the outer periphery of the land portion (the gap formed between the inner peripheral surface of the processed hole).

  In order to reduce chip clogging in the gap, the design is made relatively high compared to the margin height of a metal working drill without a normal pilot hole. The size of the clearance formed between the main margin 6 and the sub margin 7 shown in FIG. 4 (the dullness formed between both margins) is set to 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm to obtain a margin shape as shown in FIG. I found it effective. The width W2 of the main margin 6 and the sub margin 7 is preferably about 0.4 mm to 1.2 mm because the contact area with the work material can be kept small while maintaining the guide performance. Further, the position of the sub margin 7 is preferably provided on the rear side in the rotation direction of 40 ° to 60 ° from the main margin 6.

  The tip angle of the drill is set to 137 ° to 143 °, which is slightly larger than the tip angle of a general metal working drill (135 ° is commonly used). By selecting a tip angle within this range and further designing a double margin, it is possible to stabilize the biting behavior with respect to the pilot hole when processing a laminated plate with a pilot hole.

Example 1
In order to evaluate the performance of the drill of the present invention, the following drill was used to perform the following cutting test on the work material.
・ Used drill A (invention): A double margin cutting edge replaceable drill with a cutting head attached to the tip of the drill body. Diameter φ14.00mm, straight blade type with fine honing on the cutting edge, with thinning surface. Thinning surface tilt angle θ = 5 °, twist groove twist angle = 20 °, front flank clearance angle γ = 15 °
・ Used drill B (comparative product): Thinning surface available. Thinning surface inclination angle θ = 0 ° (see FIG. 5), other specifications are the same as drill A.
Work material: Laminated plate made of CFRP having a thickness of t1 = 11.0 mm and a titanium alloy having a composition of Ti-6Al-4V and a thickness of t2 = 8.0 mm (see FIG. 8). The CFRP has a pilot hole with a diameter φd1 = 9.50 mm, and the titanium alloy has a pilot hole with a diameter φd2 = 10.50 mm coaxial with the CFRP pilot hole.
Cutting conditions: Cutting speed Vc = 17.15 m / min (n = 390 rpm)
Feed amount f = 0.504 mm / rev (Vf = 19.8 mm / min)
Cutting type: Oil mist (using alcoholic coolant)

  The drill was cut into the work material by guiding the outer periphery on the tip side of the main body with a jig. As a result, the comparative product had chipping at the cutting edge in the 2-hole machining stage. On the other hand, the cutting edge of the inventive product was sound even at the time of processing 30 holes.

-Example 2-
Drill A of the first embodiment (invention product) with a leading edge at an acute angle and the general blade type drill C in FIG. 7 with a leading edge at an obtuse angle (comparison product 2, specifications excluding the blade shape are the same as the invention product) ) Was used to widen the laminated plate mentioned in Example 1. The cutting conditions are the same as in Example 1.
As a result, delamination occurred in the processing using the comparative product 2, but no delamination occurred in the processing using the invention product.

Example 3
In the drill A of Example 1, a drill A1 in which the width dimension W in the rotation axis direction at the radially outer end of the cutting edge of the thinning surface is W = 0.7 mm, and a drill A2 in which W = 1.2 mm ( Both were invention products, and the other specifications except for W were the same as the drill A of Example 1), and the hole expansion processing of the laminated plate mentioned in Example 1 was performed. The conditions for this test are the same as in Example 1.
As a result, the drill A2 in which the width (rotation direction) of the main margin portion is reduced by providing a large W has chipped after drilling one hole. However, the drill A1 has a defect even after drilling ten holes. Did not happen.

Example 4
Drill A3 with main margin and submargin height H of 0.2 mm, and drill A4 with height H of 0.5 mm (both inventions. Both specifications are examples except for margin height) 1 was used to carry out the hole expanding process of the laminated plate mentioned in Example 1. The cutting conditions for this test are also the same as in Example 1.

  As a result, in the machining with the drill A3, chips accumulate in the gap between the land portion and the inner peripheral surface of the machining hole, and torque increases at the time of machining 10 holes, and titanium alloy chips are generated between the two margins. Deposition occurred and welding occurred, but the defect did not occur in machining with the drill A4.

-Example 5
Using the drill A of Example 1 and the solid type drill C ′ having the general blade shape of FIG. 7, the 20-hole continuous hole expanding process of the laminated plate described in Example 1 was performed. The cutting conditions for this test are also the same as in Example 1.
As a result, drill C 'had increased delamination due to chipping or wear at 10 holes, and therefore, re-polishing was required once, whereas drill A could be used continuously after 20 holes were drilled. It was. Further, at the time of drilling 20 holes, the drill A was able to be carried out by 1 hour less than the drill C ′ that spent a lot of time on the tool change work performed after the 10 holes were drilled.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Drill main body 2 Cutting head 4 Cutting edge 5, 5 'Torsion groove 6 Main margin 7 Sub margin 8 Leading edge 9 Rake face 10 Thinning face 11 Front relief face 12 Land part CL Rotating axis θ Thinning face inclination angle α Center rise angle β Contact angle with work material γ Relief angle H Margin height W Width in the rotation axis direction at the outer edge of the cutting edge on the thinning surface W2 Margin width

Claims (5)

A detachable cutting head (2) is provided at the tip of the drill body (1), and a cutting blade (4) and a twist that linearly extend from the center of rotation to the radially outer end of the cutting head (2) in the axial end view. A blade-type replaceable drill provided with a groove (5),
A thinning surface (10) is formed on the rake face (9) connected to the cutting edge (4) so as to be inclined with respect to the rotation axis (CL) so that the axial rake angle of the cutting edge (4) is a negative angle. The thinning surface (10) is present in the entire region from the radially inner end to the radially outer end of the cutting edge (4),
A margin having a width (W2 ′) in the rotational direction at the radially outer end of the cutting edge (4) adjacent to the torsion groove (5) in the outer land (12) of the cutting head (2). (6) is formed, and the end of the margin (6) on the side of the twisted groove (5) forms a leading edge (8),
Furthermore, before Symbol margin (6) as a main margin from its main margin (6) to the land portion outer periphery of a position moved in a predetermined amount rotationally trailing provided sub margin (7), at both margins (6,7) A blade-tip replaceable drill with a clearance of 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm formed between them. The blade tip replaceable drill according to claim 1, wherein a width (W2) of the main margin (6) is 0.4 mm to 1.2 mm.   The blade tip replaceable drill according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a condition of 0 ° <θ <25 ° is satisfied with respect to an inclination angle (θ) of the thinning surface (10) with respect to the rotation axis (CL). The width dimension (W) of the rotating shaft direction in the radial direction outer end part of the cutting edge (4) of the said thinning surface (10) was set to 0.2 mm-1.0 mm of Claim 1 or Claim 2 . Replaceable tip drill. The inclination angle (θ) of the thinning surface (10) with respect to the rotation axis (CL) satisfies the condition of 0 ° <θ <25 °, and the radial outer end of the cutting edge (4) of the thinning surface (10) indexable drills according width of the rotation axis direction (W), in claim 1 set in 0.2mm~1.0mm in section.

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