CN108600985A - A kind of air pollution data acquisition and processing system based on block chain technology - Google Patents
A kind of air pollution data acquisition and processing system based on block chain technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN108600985A CN108600985A CN201810405153.2A CN201810405153A CN108600985A CN 108600985 A CN108600985 A CN 108600985A CN 201810405153 A CN201810405153 A CN 201810405153A CN 108600985 A CN108600985 A CN 108600985A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/38—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for collecting sensor information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/04—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources
- H04W40/10—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources based on available power or energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/20—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on geographic position or location
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
- H04L45/12—Shortest path evaluation
- H04L45/126—Shortest path evaluation minimising geographical or physical path length
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/04—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/06—Authentication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/10—Integrity
Abstract
The air pollution data acquisition and processing system that the present invention provides a kind of based on block chain technology, including headend, wireless sensor network and the data check network being made of multiple data check nodes；The wireless sensor network is for being monitored air pollution, it obtains air pollution concentration Data Concurrent to send to headend, wireless sensor network includes multiple sensor nodes for acquiring air pollution concentration data and the base station for communicating with headend；The headend is forwarded to the data check network after the air pollution concentration data for receiving base station transmission；Multiple data check nodes in the data check network are responsible for that the air pollution concentration data that the headend forwards are verified and preserved；Each data check node is block chain node, and multiple data check nodes form a distributed data base.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to air monitering technical fields, and in particular to a kind of air pollution data based on block chain technology is adopted
Collection and processing system.
Background technology
In the related technology, mainly have to the method for urban air pollution monitoring：
(1) conventional method, the i.e. method of manual sampling lab analysis.This method can only obtain air pollution monitoring area
Monitor value in domain in certain time can not be monitored in real time, monitoring result by it is artificial influenced it is very big, meanwhile, work as air
The health of meeting grievous injury monitoring personnel when pollution monitoring region harmful gas concentration is very high；
(2) on-line monitoring popular at present, the automation air environment monitoring equipment for mostly using external import carry out
Monitoring, this monitoring method, although real-time monitoring can be realized, device therefor is complicated, it is expensive, be difficult to safeguard,
Operation cost is high and its working environment is harsh.
Internet of Things needs the various needs of object of monitoring, connection, interaction by various information sensing devices, in real time acquisition
Information is combined the huge network to be formed with internet.The purpose is to realize object and object, object and people, all article and net
The connection of network facilitates identification, management and control.Operation related with data all is being carried out all the time in Internet of things system,
Including links such as data acquisition, data transmission and data storages.Data are easy to be by malicious attack and non-in each link
Method distorts operation.Link is acquired in data, illegal node can pretend to be or attack legitimate node to carry out illegal sensing data
It uploads；In data transmission link, on the one hand it may cause error code since channel quality is bad, on the other hand since data are being transmitted
The data for being easy to be eventually led to by malicious modification upload in the process are illegal etc..Therefore, advance row data check is stored in data
It is essential operation.The purpose of data check be in order to prevent illegal node pretend to be with attack, prevent data and exist
Be maliciously tampered in transmission process, ensure authenticity, legitimacy and the integrality of data.
Invention content
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provide it is a kind of based on block chain technology air pollution data acquisition and processing system
System.
The purpose of the present invention is realized using following technical scheme：
Provide it is a kind of based on block chain technology air pollution data acquisition and processing system, including headend,
Wireless sensor network and the data check network being made of multiple data check nodes；The wireless sensor network is used
It is monitored in air pollution, obtains air pollution concentration Data Concurrent and send to headend, wireless sensor network packet
Include multiple sensor nodes for acquiring air pollution concentration data and the base station for being communicated with headend；The number
According to transponder after the air pollution concentration data for receiving base station transmission, it is forwarded to the data check network；The data
Multiple data check nodes in verification network be responsible for the air pollution concentration data that the headend is forwarded into
Row is verified and is preserved；Each data check node is block chain node, and multiple data check nodes form a distribution
Formula database.
Further, system further includes authentication center, authentication center to the headend, the sensor node,
Base station and the data check node carry out authorization identifying.
Preferably, sensor node becomes legal sensor node after the authorization identifying by authentication center, and obtains
Unique sensor node digital certificate and symmetric key；Base station becomes legal base after the authorization identifying by authentication center
It stands, and obtains unique base station digital certificate and symmetric key；The headend is in the authorization identifying by authentication center
Afterwards, unique headend digital certificate and symmetric key are obtained；The data check node is in awarding by authentication center
Become valid data check-node after weighing certification, and obtains unique public key, private key, data check node digital certificate and symmetrical
Key；The public key, for wide to the data check network and the wireless sensor network by the headend
It broadcasts；The private key, for by artificially being shared between the data check node.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：Air pollution concentration data are obtained using wireless sensor network technology, are not necessarily to cloth
Line uses manpower and material resources sparingly, and scalability is good, is suitble to the large-scale monitoring system of structure, is suitble to promote and apply；Utilize data check
Node completes data check task, and verifying work is distributed to check-node from headend, can overcome due to verification
Task is excessively concentrated and the problems such as the verification efficiency brought is low, speed is slow, propagation delay time is high, vulnerable.
Description of the drawings
Using attached drawing, the invention will be further described, but the embodiment in attached drawing does not constitute any limit to the present invention
System, for those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, can also obtain according to the following drawings
Other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the system structure connection block diagram of an illustrative embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the data processing platform (DPP) of an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
Reference numeral：
Headend 1, wireless sensor network 2, data check network 3, data processing platform (DPP) 4, preprocessing module 10,
Clustering processing module 20, database 30.
Specific implementation mode
The invention will be further described with the following Examples.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of air pollution data acquisition based on block chain technology and processing system are present embodiments provided,
Including headend 1, wireless sensor network 2 and the data check network 3 being made of multiple data check nodes；It is described
Wireless sensor network 2 for being monitored to air pollution, obtain air pollution concentration Data Concurrent and send to data forwarding
Device 1, wireless sensor network 2 include multiple sensor nodes for acquiring air pollution concentration data and are used for and data turn
Send out the base station of device communication；The headend 1 is forwarded to described after the air pollution concentration data for receiving base station transmission
Data check network 3；Multiple data check nodes in the data check network 3 are responsible for forwarding the headend 1
The air pollution concentration data verified and preserved；Each data check node is block chain node, multiple described
Data check node forms a distributed data base.
Further, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, system further includes the data processing platform (DPP) 4 being connect with data check network 3,
The data processing platform (DPP) 4 for the air pollution concentration data after verification are pre-processed successively, clustering processing, will cluster
Air pollution concentration data that treated are stored in database.The data processing platform (DPP) 4 includes sequentially connected preprocessing module
10, clustering processing module 20 and database 30.
Further, system further includes authentication center, authentication center to the headend 1, the sensor node,
Base station and the data check node carry out authorization identifying.In one embodiment, sensor node is passing through authentication center
Become legal sensor node after authorization identifying, and obtains unique sensor node digital certificate and symmetric key；Base station exists
By becoming legitimate base station after the authorization identifying of authentication center, and obtain unique base station digital certificate and symmetric key；It is described
Headend 1 obtains 1 digital certificate of unique headend and symmetrical close after the authorization identifying by authentication center
Key；The data check node becomes valid data check-node after the authorization identifying by authentication center, and obtains unique
Public key, private key, data check node digital certificate and symmetric key；The public key, for by the headend 1 to
The data check network 3 and the wireless sensor network 2 are broadcasted；The private key, for by artificially in the data school
It tests between node and shares.
The above embodiment of the present invention obtains air pollution concentration data using wireless sensor network technology, without connecting up,
It uses manpower and material resources sparingly, scalability is good, is suitble to the large-scale monitoring system of structure, is suitble to promote and apply；Utilize data check section
It puts to complete data check task, verifying work is distributed to check-node from headend 1, can overcome since verification is appointed
Business is excessively concentrated and the problems such as the verification efficiency brought is low, speed is slow, propagation delay time is high, vulnerable.
In one embodiment, preprocessing module 10 is for pre-processing air pollution concentration data, specially：It is right
There are the air pollution concentration data of 0 value or negative value to be pre-processed, and 0 value or negative value are replaced with preset substitution value.
The present embodiment can prevent 0 value in air pollution concentration data or negative value from handling subsequent air pollution concentration data clusters
It impacts.Clustering processing module 20 clusters pretreated air pollution concentration data, and by the air after cluster
Pollution concentration data are sent to database 30 and are stored.Wherein, the method for cluster uses existing clustering algorithm, such as K-
Means clustering algorithms etc..
In one embodiment, sensor node is all randomly distributed in the round air pollution monitoring region of setting, base
Erect-position is in the center in round air pollution monitoring region；Wherein, sensor node at a distance from base station be less than setting apart from threshold
When value, the air pollution concentration data of acquisition are directly sent to base station by sensor node；Sensor node is at a distance from collection station
Not less than setting distance threshold when, air pollution concentration number that sensor node itself will be acquired by the form of multi-hop transmission
According to base station is sent to, specifically, sensor node selects a neighbor node in its neighboring node list as next-hop, will
The air pollution concentration data of acquisition are sent to next-hop.
In one embodiment, when netinit, round air pollution monitoring region division is setting quantity by base station
Annulus, and according to apart from base station sequence from the near to the remote to each annulus successively marked as 1,2 ..., n, n are annulus number, base
It stands and sends message to each sensor node, the annulus where each sensor node is determined according to the distance of sensor node to base station
Label simultaneously transmits information to each sensor node, to which each sensor node records the label of the annulus where itself；Each sensing
Device node by information exchange obtain itself neighboring node list and each neighbor node where annulus label；Sensor
Node selects the neighbor node of the maximum probability in its neighboring node list as next-hop, wherein the calculation formula setting of probability
For：
In formula, ZijIndicate that sensor node i selects its probability of j-th of neighbor node as next-hop, LioFor sensor
Node i is to the distance of base station, LijoIndicate j-th of neighbor node of sensor node i to the distance of base station, PijFor sensor section
The current remaining of j-th of neighbor node of point i, PijoFor the primary power of j-th of neighbor node of sensor node i, S
(i) it is the label of annulus where sensor node i, S (ij) is the mark of annulus where j-th of neighbor node of sensor node i
Number, e is Euler's numbers, and u is the annulus label impact factor of setting, and u's sets value range as [0.1,0.2].
The present embodiment is by the transmission mode between sensor node so that air pollution concentration data can be passed from source
It is sent to base station, therefrom the present embodiment sets the selection principle of sensor node selection next-hop, is considering current residual energy
Under the premise of amount and distance factor, select as possible in the process sensor node in the annulus closer apart from base station as
Next-hop is conducive to the distance for shortening air pollution concentration data forwarding on the whole, to save air pollution concentration data
The energy of forwarding, reduction system collect the communications cost of air pollution concentration data.
In one embodiment, the transmission radius of sensor node can be in D1<D2<…<DNBetween switch；Sensor section
The transmission radius of point is by base station sets, and the transmission radius for belonging to the sensor node of an annulus is identical.When initial, base station
It is specific to execute when setting the transmission radius of each annulus sensor node：
(1) base station calculates the theoretical transmission radius of each annulus sensor node：
In formula, D (a) is the theoretical transmission radius of the sensor node in the annulus marked as a, and n is annulus number,For
The adjustment factor being set according to actual conditions by expert,For the average residual of the sensor node in the annulus marked as a
Energy,For the average residual energy of the sensor node in the annulus marked as b；
(2) from D1<D2<…<DNMiddle selection and the transmission radius of theoretical transmission radius D (a) difference minimums are used as marked as a
Annulus in sensor node transmission radius.
The transmission radius that the present embodiment passes through each annulus sensor node of base station sets so that system can be passed by adjusting
The transmission radius of sensor node controls each annulus inner sensor node air pollution concentration data volume to be treated, wherein this
Embodiment has formulated corresponding initial transmission radius method of determination so that the annulus of average residual energy less, closer to base station
The transmission radius of interior sensor node is smaller, and wireless sensor network is promoted to change to energy-efficient direction, is conducive to balanced net
Network loads, and then the sensor node energy consumption of balanced each annulus.
In one embodiment, base station periodically counts the sensor node average energy consumption of each annulus, and compares
The sensor node average energy consumption of two neighboring annulus judges whether to meet following regularization condition：
In formula,For the sensor node average energy consumption of annulus q,For the sensor of annulus q+1
Node average energy consumption, WTFor the energy expenditure difference threshold of setting；
If there are the sensor node average energy consumptions of two adjacent rings to meet regularization condition, this is recalculated in base station
The theoretical transmission radius of sensor node in two adjacent rings, if the theoretical transmission radius calculated and original transmission radius
Between difference be not above the threshold value of setting, the transmission radius of the sensor node in corresponding annulus is not adjusted in base station
It is whole；If the difference between the theoretical transmission radius and original transmission radius that calculate is more than the threshold value of setting, base station is from D1<D2<…
<DNMiddle selection and the transmission radius of calculated theoretical transmission radial difference minimum substitute original transmission radius.
The present embodiment periodically counts the sensor node average energy consumption of each annulus by base station, and detects in time
Gap between the sensor node average energy consumption of two neighboring annulus carries out corresponding transmission radius tune according to gap
It is whole, to effectively control the sensor node average energy consumption gap of two neighboring annulus within the acceptable range, favorably
In the imbalance problem for solving to use about energy in wireless sensor network, improves and air pollution concentration data congestion is controlled
Robustness, promote the balance of energy consumption, substantially increase air pollution data acquisition and processing system stability.
Finally it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than the present invention is protected
The limitation of range is protected, although being explained in detail to the present invention with reference to preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art answer
Work as understanding, technical scheme of the present invention can be modified or replaced equivalently, without departing from the reality of technical solution of the present invention
Matter and range.
Claims (6)
1. it is a kind of based on block chain technology air pollution data acquisition and processing system, characterized in that including headend,
Wireless sensor network and the data check network being made of multiple data check nodes；The wireless sensor network is used
It is monitored in air pollution, obtains air pollution concentration Data Concurrent and send to headend, wireless sensor network packet
Include multiple sensor nodes for acquiring air pollution concentration data and the base station for being communicated with headend；The number
According to transponder after the air pollution concentration data for receiving base station transmission, it is forwarded to the data check network；The data
Multiple data check nodes in verification network be responsible for the air pollution concentration data that the headend is forwarded into
Row is verified and is preserved；Each data check node is block chain node, and multiple data check nodes form a distribution
Formula database.
2. a kind of air pollution data acquisition and processing system based on block chain technology according to claim 1, special
Sign be further include authentication center, authentication center is to the headend, the sensor node, base station and the data school
It tests node and carries out authorization identifying.
3. a kind of air pollution data acquisition and processing system based on block chain technology according to claim 2, special
Sign is that sensor node becomes legal sensor node after the authorization identifying by authentication center, and obtains unique sensing
Device node digital certificate and symmetric key；Base station becomes legitimate base station after the authorization identifying by authentication center, and obtains only
One base station digital certificate and symmetric key；The headend obtains unique after the authorization identifying by authentication center
Headend digital certificate and symmetric key；The data check node becomes after the authorization identifying by authentication center
Valid data check-node, and obtain unique public key, private key, data check node digital certificate and symmetric key；The public affairs
Key, for being broadcasted to the data check network and the wireless sensor network by the headend；The private key,
For by artificially being shared between the data check node.
4. according to claim 1-3 any one of them a kind of air pollution data acquisition and processing system based on block chain technology
System, characterized in that sensor node is all randomly distributed in the round air pollution monitoring region of setting, and base station is located at round empty
The center in gas pollution monitoring region；Wherein, when sensor node is less than the distance threshold of setting at a distance from base station, sensor section
The air pollution concentration data of acquisition are directly sent to base station by point；Sensor node with collection station at a distance from not less than setting away from
When from threshold value, the air pollution concentration data that itself is acquired are sent to base station by sensor node by the form of multi-hop transmission,
Specifically, sensor node selects a neighbor node in its neighboring node list as next-hop, and the air of acquisition is dirty
Dye concentration data is sent to next-hop.
5. a kind of air pollution data acquisition and processing system based on block chain technology according to claim 4, special
Sign is, when netinit, round air pollution monitoring region division is to set the annulus of quantity by base station, and according to apart from base
The sequence stood from the near to the remote is to each annulus successively marked as 1,2 ..., n, and n is annulus number, and base station is sent to each sensor node
Message determines the annulus label where each sensor node according to the distance of sensor node to base station and to each sensor node
Information is transmitted, to which each sensor node records the label of the annulus where itself；Each sensor node is obtained by information exchange
It is derived from the neighboring node list of body and the label of the annulus where each neighbor node；Sensor node selects its neighbor node to arrange
The neighbor node of maximum probability in table is set as next-hop, the calculation formula of wherein probability：
In formula, ZijIndicate that sensor node i selects its probability of j-th of neighbor node as next-hop, LioFor sensor node i
To the distance of base station, LijoIndicate j-th of neighbor node of sensor node i to the distance of base station, PijFor sensor node i's
The current remaining of j-th of neighbor node, PijoFor the primary power of j-th of neighbor node of sensor node i, S (i) is
The label of annulus where sensor node i, S (ij) are the label of annulus where j-th of neighbor node of sensor node i, and e is
Euler's numbers, u are the annulus label impact factor of setting, and u's sets value range as [0.1,0.2].
6. a kind of air pollution data acquisition and processing system based on block chain technology according to claim 5, special
Sign is that the transmission radius of sensor node can be in D1<D2<…<DNBetween switch；The transmission radius of sensor node is by base station
Setting, and the transmission radius for belonging to the sensor node of an annulus is identical.
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| CN115665031B (en) * | 2022-12-27 | 2023-04-07 | 中南大学 | Three-dimensional irregular edge network perception data acquisition method and device |
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