CN108599538B - Off-line output rectifier diode peak voltage suppression circuit - Google Patents

Off-line output rectifier diode peak voltage suppression circuit Download PDF

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CN108599538B
CN108599538B CN201810324726.9A CN201810324726A CN108599538B CN 108599538 B CN108599538 B CN 108599538B CN 201810324726 A CN201810324726 A CN 201810324726A CN 108599538 B CN108599538 B CN 108599538B
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diode
capacitor
circuit
anode
cathode
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CN108599538A (en
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丁敏
吕锋
沐杨
周成召
陈栋
刘薇
刘咏晖
吴桂清
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Shanghai Institute of Space Power Sources
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
    • H02M1/0038—Circuits or arrangements for suppressing, e.g. by masking incorrect turn-on or turn-off signals, e.g. due to current spikes in current mode control

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

An off-line output rectifier diode spike voltage suppression circuit, comprising: the sixth diode is connected with the second capacitor in series, the anode of the sixth diode is connected with one end of the second capacitor, the cathode of the sixth diode is connected with the anode of the first diode, the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode, and the first-stage redundant absorption circuit is formed; the fifth diode is connected with the first capacitor in series, the anode of the fifth diode is connected with one end of the first capacitor, the cathode of the fifth diode is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode, and the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the anode of the first diode, so that the second-stage redundant absorption circuit is formed; the seventh diode is connected in series with the third capacitor, the anode of the seventh diode is connected with one end of the third capacitor, the cathode of the seventh diode is connected with a terminal between the output filter inductor and the rectifier diode, and the other end of the third capacitor is grounded and serves as a feedback circuit; the first diode, the second diode, the third diode and the fourth diode form a full-bridge rectification circuit.

Description

Off-line output rectifier diode peak voltage suppression circuit
Technical Field
The invention relates to a peak voltage suppression circuit, in particular to an off-line output rectifier diode peak voltage suppression circuit suitable for an aerospace power supply.
Background
The power supply controller is the guarantee of the safe and reliable flight of the spacecraft in space and provides high-quality bus voltage for the load of the spacecraft. The aerospace power supply controller comprises a charging circuit, a discharging circuit and a shunt circuit, the main power circuit of each module circuit mostly adopts an off-line topological structure with safe and reliable characteristics, diode rectification is an indispensable part of the off-line topological structure, repeated actions of a power switch tube inevitably lead to a rectifier diode to generate larger reverse peak voltage in a high-frequency state, the off-line output rectifier diode peak voltage suppression circuit is used for suppressing the peak voltage of the diode in a safe range, and the problems of noise and electromagnetic interference caused by high-frequency signals are reduced, so that the whole spacecraft can stably operate.
In order to solve a series of problems caused by reverse peak voltage of a rectifier diode, two schemes are currently available in an off-line output rectifier diode peak suppression circuit of a aerospace power supply controller: the first is a resistance-capacitance absorption circuit, namely an RC circuit; the second is a lossless buffer circuit, namely a DDC circuit.
The RC absorption circuit is shown in figure 1, Ui in the figure is voltage at two ends of the primary side of a transformer, the polarity is variable, D1, D2, D3 and D4 in the figure are all rectifier diodes, D1 and D3 jointly form a front arm of a full-bridge rectifier circuit, D2 and D4 jointly form a rear arm of the full-bridge rectifier circuit, when a high level signal at the same name end of the transformer T is connected, D1 and D4 form a conducting bridge, and D2 and D3 are reversely cut off. On the contrary, when the different name terminal of the transformer T receives a high level signal, D2 and D3 are turned on, and D1 and D4 are turned off. In the diode commutation process, the leakage inductance of the transformer and the parasitic capacitance of the diode form resonance, so that reverse peak voltage of the diode is generated, the peak voltage is related to the leakage inductance of the transformer, the parasitic capacitance of the rectifier diode and the parasitic capacitance of the transformer, and the RC absorption circuit consumes charges on the resistor connected in series with the absorption capacitor through the rectifier diode during the freewheeling period of the parallel rectifier diode. When the rectifier diode is turned off, the RC network absorbs the spike voltage. The resistance-capacitance absorption circuit has large loss, most energy is consumed by resistance, and the method for inhibiting the reverse spike voltage is not preferable for a high-efficiency aerospace power supply system.
The DDC type lossless snubber circuit is much simplified in structure and improved in efficiency as compared to the snubber circuit of fig. 1, as shown in fig. 2. However, the spike suppression circuit shown in fig. 2 has a significant disadvantage that the secondary side transformer of the circuit must be two transformers with the same name ends connected together through a center tap, which not only makes the process of the transformer complicated in the winding process, but also has more stray parameters, if a better suppression effect is to be obtained, a larger feedback capacitor needs to be adopted, and in consideration of the redundancy design of the space power system, once the D5 diode in fig. 2 is damaged, the resonance of the transformer leakage inductance and the C1 feedback capacitor cannot be realized.
According to the analysis, in the existing aerospace power supply controller, although the RC absorption circuit and the DDC type lossless circuit can realize suppression, the RC absorption circuit is large in loss and low in efficiency, the DDC type lossless circuit structure needs to be provided with a center tap, a capacitor with a larger capacitance value is needed for improving the suppression effect, and the redundancy design requirement of the aerospace power supply cannot be met, so that unreasonable factors exist in the aspects of efficiency conversion, manufacturing process and reliability of the system by the two common aerospace power supply rectifier diode peak suppression circuits.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of serious loss, small-capacitance peak voltage suppression effect and unobvious peak voltage suppression effect of single-circuit failure suppression of the traditional off-line output rectifier diode peak voltage suppression circuit of the aerospace power supply controller, the invention provides an off-line output rectifier diode peak suppression circuit, which comprises a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, a sixth diode, a seventh diode, a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a third capacitor, wherein,
the sixth diode is connected with the second capacitor in series, the anode of the sixth diode is connected with one end of the second capacitor, the cathode of the sixth diode is connected with the anode of the first diode, the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode, and the first-stage redundant absorption circuit is formed;
the fifth diode is connected with the first capacitor in series, the anode of the fifth diode is connected with one end of the first capacitor, the cathode of the fifth diode is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode, and the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the anode of the first diode, so that the second-stage redundant absorption circuit is formed;
the seventh diode is connected in series with the third capacitor, the anode of the seventh diode is connected with one end of the third capacitor, the cathode of the seventh diode is connected with a terminal between the output filter inductor and the rectifier diode, and the other end of the third capacitor is grounded and serves as a feedback circuit;
the first diode, the second diode, the third diode and the fourth diode form a full-bridge rectification circuit.
Preferably, the feedback circuit further includes an eighth diode and a ninth diode, an anode of the eighth diode is connected to a node where the sixth diode is connected in series with the second capacitor, and a cathode of the eighth diode is connected to a node where the seventh diode is connected in series with the third capacitor; and the anode of the ninth diode is connected to the node of the fifth diode connected in series with the first capacitor, and the cathode of the ninth diode is connected to the node of the seventh diode connected in series with the third capacitor.
Preferably, the cathodes of the eighth diode and the ninth diode are both connected to the intermediate node between the filter inductor L1 and the filter capacitor C0.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an off-line output rectifier diode spike voltage suppression circuit, which is characterized in that: comprises a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, a sixth diode, a seventh diode, a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a third capacitor,
the sixth diode is connected in series with the second capacitor, the anode of the sixth diode is connected with one end of the second capacitor, the anode of the sixth diode is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the anode of the second diode, so that the first-stage redundant absorption circuit is formed;
the fifth diode is connected with the first capacitor in series, the anode of the fifth diode is connected with one end of the first capacitor, the anode of the fifth diode is connected with the cathode of the third diode, and the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the anode of the first diode, so that a second-stage redundant absorption circuit is formed;
the seventh diode is connected in series with the third capacitor, the anode of the seventh diode is connected with one end of the third capacitor, the cathode of the seventh diode is connected with a terminal between the output filter inductor and the rectifier diode, and the other end of the third capacitor is grounded and serves as a feedback circuit;
the first diode, the second diode, the third diode and the fourth diode form a full-bridge rectification circuit.
Preferably, the rectification mode is full-wave rectification.
The invention has the following effects: the reverse peak voltage value of the output rectifier diode can be greatly reduced by using a small-capacity capacitor, the suppression effect cannot be greatly influenced when a single circuit fails, the circuit has no energy consumption element, the energy conversion efficiency of the system is improved, and the stability, reliability and anti-interference capability of the spacecraft power supply are further ensured.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:
fig. 1 is a diagram of a conventional RC snubber circuit.
Fig. 2 is a DDC lossless circuit diagram.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an experimental simulation waveform diagram of an off-line rectification output circuit non-suppression network.
Fig. 5 is a waveform diagram of an experimental simulation of an off-line rectification output circuit with the suppression network of the present invention added.
Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of an initial stage operation mode of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a diagram of a second phase operation mode of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a third stage operation mode diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a diagram of a fourth phase operation mode of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings. It should be understood that the following examples are illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention is further described in the following examples in connection with the specific embodiments, it being understood that the invention is not limited to these specific embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention encompasses all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as may be included within the scope of the claims.
The aerospace power supply controller comprises three modules, namely a shunt circuit, a charging circuit and a discharging circuit, wherein the shunt circuit does not need a DC/DC converter, and the other two module circuits contain DC/DC power conversion units. In order to ensure efficient power transmission, especially in high-power supply controllers, an off-line topology becomes the preferred scheme for control topology. Since the transformer has a characteristic of polarity variation, in order to ensure that the output side stably operates in a DC mode, the rectifier diode is an indispensable element in an off-line output mode. With the increasing switching frequency, the system instability and interference caused by the peak voltage across the rectifier diode are receiving more and more attention.
The design principle of the off-line rectifier diode peak suppression circuit is that resonance between the leakage inductance of the transformer and the rectifier diodes is destroyed, the resonance period and the resonance peak value are reduced, and the cathode voltage of the rectifier diodes rapidly reaches a stable state. Example one
Referring to fig. 3, the off-line rectifier diode spike suppression circuit includes a first stage redundant snubber circuit (N1), a second stage redundant snubber circuit (N2), and a feedback circuit (N3).
In the first-stage redundancy absorption circuit (N1), a sixth diode (D6) is connected with the second capacitor (C2) in series, the anode of the sixth diode is connected with one end of the second capacitor, the cathode of the sixth diode is connected with the anode of the first diode (D1), and the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode (D4). In the second-stage redundancy absorption circuit (N2), a fifth diode (D5) is connected with the first capacitor (C1) in series, the anode of the fifth diode is connected with one end of the first capacitor, the cathode of the fifth diode is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode, and the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the anode of the first diode.
In the feedback circuit (N3), a seventh diode (D7) is connected in series with a third capacitor (C3), the anode of the seventh diode is connected with one end of the third capacitor, the cathode of the seventh diode is connected with a terminal between an output filter inductor (L1) and a rectifier diode, and the other end of the third capacitor is grounded.
The feedback circuit N3 further includes an eighth diode (D8) and a ninth diode (D9), wherein an anode of the eighth diode is connected to a node where the sixth diode is connected in series with the second capacitor, and a cathode of the eighth diode is connected to a node where the seventh diode is connected in series with the third capacitor; and the anode of the ninth diode is connected to the node of the fifth diode connected in series with the first capacitor, and the cathode of the ninth diode is connected to the node of the seventh diode connected in series with the third capacitor.
In the diode commutation process, a resonant circuit is formed by leakage inductance of a primary redundant absorption circuit and a secondary redundant absorption circuit when Ui is high level or low level, resonance energy between the secondary winding and a rectifier diode is reduced, a follow current circuit is transferred in the process of outputting follow current, when the circuit has more resonance energy, redundant energy is fed back to an energy storage capacitor C3 in a feedback circuit through a D8 diode or a D9 diode, no energy loss exists in the process, if one of three networks of the rectifier diode peak voltage absorption circuit in an aerospace power supply control system applying the suppression network fails, the other two paths can still run reliably, and the reliability of a power supply system is improved. The specific working mode is shown in the third embodiment.
The conception of the invention is as follows: a resonant circuit between the rectifier diode and the leakage inductance of the transformer is transferred, so that only smaller leakage inductance participates in the resonance of the parasitic capacitance of the rectifier diode, and the effect of inhibiting the peak voltage is achieved; the design also comprises starting from the particularity of the space power supply, and considering that a resonant circuit of partial leakage inductance and a rectifier diode can still be transferred under the single-circuit failure mode during design; the idea also includes that the follow current loop is transferred when the follow current is output, and the resonance energy of the filter inductor and the rectifying diode is reduced, so that the output overshoot voltage is restrained.
The invention is verified by saber circuit simulation, and the capacitance value reaches the following indexes when taking 0.1 uF: the phase-shifted full bridge is adopted as an experimental object, and when a peak voltage suppression network is not added in a full bridge rectifier diode circuit, the peak voltage of the rectifier diode is 392.11V, as shown in FIG. 4; after the suppression network is added, the maximum peak voltage is 75.603V, and only one oscillation occurs, so that the suppression effect is obvious, as shown in fig. 5; at least 1/10 times the capacitance values of the other two types under the same effect.
Example two
Referring to fig. 6, the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the present embodiment adopts a full-wave rectification manner, and an anode of D5 in fig. 6 is connected to a cathode of D3; the anode of D6 was connected to the cathode of D4, and the rest of the structure and function were the same as in the first embodiment.
The specific connection mode is as follows: the embodiment of the invention also provides an off-line output rectifier diode spike voltage suppression circuit, which comprises a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, a sixth diode, a seventh diode, a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a third capacitor, wherein,
the sixth diode is connected in series with the second capacitor, the anode of the sixth diode is connected with one end of the second capacitor, the anode of the sixth diode is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the anode of the second diode, so that the first-stage redundant absorption circuit is formed;
the fifth diode is connected with the first capacitor in series, the anode of the fifth diode is connected with one end of the first capacitor, the anode of the fifth diode is connected with the cathode of the third diode, and the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the anode of the first diode, so that a second-stage redundant absorption circuit is formed;
the seventh diode is connected in series with the third capacitor, the anode of the seventh diode is connected with one end of the third capacitor, the cathode of the seventh diode is connected with a terminal between the output filter inductor and the rectifier diode, and the other end of the third capacitor is grounded and serves as a feedback circuit;
the first diode, the second diode, the third diode and the fourth diode form a full-bridge rectification circuit.
EXAMPLE III
Referring to fig. 7, the difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is that cathodes of the D8 diode and the D9 diode of the present embodiment are both connected to the intermediate node between the filter inductor L1 and the filter capacitor C0, and other structures and functions are the same as those of the first embodiment.
Fig. 8-11 are schematic diagrams of the operation of fig. 7, in which the solid lines indicate paths during operation of the circuit and the dashed lines indicate paths through which current does not flow. The opening time and dead time of the first half period and the opening time and working mode in the dead time of the second half period in the working process have symmetry, so that only the working mode in the first half period is analyzed. For the convenience of understanding, the full-bridge converter is taken as the main circuit in the analysis, but the practical application is not limited to the full-bridge topology.
Referring to fig. 8, assuming that the initial state is when the voltage Ui across the primary winding of the transformer T1 is high, the diode D1 and the diode D4 form a freewheeling path, and at this time, since the diodes D2 and D3 are subjected to reverse voltage, a forward voltage is induced at the same end of the secondary winding, and a path is formed by the capacitor C1 and the diode D5 to charge the capacitor C1. The D6 diode, the D7 diode, the D8 diode and the D9 diode are all in reverse cutoff and non-conducting states. The current flows through the output filter module to supply power to the load.
Referring to fig. 9, when the Ui voltage is abruptly dropped from the high level to 0, the polarity of the transformer voltage is reversed. In the dead time when the last half periods D2 and D3 are not conducted, most of leakage inductance of the secondary winding forms a resonant loop through C2 and D6, only a small amount of leakage inductance passes through the rectifier diode, the leakage inductance which is subjected to resonance by the rectifier diode is reduced, and therefore the effect of restraining reverse spike voltage is achieved. During this process, the energy stored in the C1 during the first half-cycle conduction time is fed back to the output filter capacitor through D9, and if the leakage inductance has excess energy that is not fully resonant, it is fed back to the output filter capacitor through the D8 diode. A freewheeling loop of the circuit is transferred from the rectifier diode to a D7 diode and a C3 capacitor, so that resonance caused by the filter inductor is reduced, and the resonance frequency and the resonance peak value of the output end are also reduced.
Fig. 10 and 11 show the current flow through the circuit during the turn-on and dead time periods, respectively, of the second half cycle, which operates in substantially the same manner as the first half cycle.
The invention has the following effects: the reverse peak voltage value of the output rectifier diode can be greatly reduced by using a small-capacity capacitor, the suppression effect cannot be greatly influenced when a single circuit fails, the circuit has no energy consumption element, the energy conversion efficiency of the system is improved, and the stability, reliability and anti-interference capability of the spacecraft power supply are further ensured.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.

Claims (3)

1. An off-line output rectifier diode spike voltage suppression circuit, its characterized in that: the circuit comprises a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, a sixth diode, a seventh diode, a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a third capacitor, wherein the sixth diode is connected with the second capacitor in series, the anode of the sixth diode is connected with one end of the second capacitor, the cathode of the sixth diode is connected with the anode of the first diode, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode, so that the first-stage redundant absorption circuit is formed; the fifth diode is connected with the first capacitor in series, the anode of the fifth diode is connected with one end of the first capacitor, the cathode of the fifth diode is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode, and the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the anode of the first diode, so that the second-stage redundant absorption circuit is formed; the seventh diode is connected with the third capacitor in series, the anode of the seventh diode is connected with one end of the third capacitor, the cathode of the seventh diode is connected with a terminal between the output filter inductor and the cathode of the first diode, and the other end of the third capacitor is grounded and serves as a feedback circuit; the first diode, the second diode, the third diode and the fourth diode form a full-bridge rectification circuit;
the feedback circuit also comprises an eighth diode and a ninth diode, wherein the anode of the eighth diode is connected with the node of the sixth diode connected with the second capacitor in series, and the cathode of the eighth diode is connected with the node of the seventh diode connected with the third capacitor in series; and the anode of the ninth diode is connected to the node of the fifth diode connected in series with the first capacitor, and the cathode of the ninth diode is connected to the node of the seventh diode connected in series with the third capacitor.
2. An off-line output rectifier diode spike voltage suppression circuit, its characterized in that: the circuit comprises a first diode, a second diode, a third diode, a fourth diode, a fifth diode, a sixth diode, a seventh diode, a first capacitor, a second capacitor and a third capacitor, wherein the sixth diode is connected with the second capacitor in series, the anode of the sixth diode is connected with one end of the second capacitor, the anode of the sixth diode is connected with the cathode of the fourth diode, and the other end of the second capacitor is connected with the anode of the second diode, so that the circuit is a first-stage redundant absorption circuit; the fifth diode is connected with the first capacitor in series, the anode of the fifth diode is connected with one end of the first capacitor, the anode of the fifth diode is connected with the cathode of the third diode, and the other end of the first capacitor is connected with the anode of the first diode, so that a second-stage redundant absorption circuit is formed; the seventh diode is connected with the third capacitor in series, the anode of the seventh diode is connected with one end of the third capacitor, the cathode of the seventh diode is connected with a terminal between the output filter inductor and the cathode of the first diode, and the other end of the third capacitor is grounded and serves as a feedback circuit; cathodes of the fifth diode and the sixth diode are connected to a node of the seventh diode connected in series with the third capacitor; the first diode and the second diode form a half-bridge rectifying circuit.
3. A circuit as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the rectification mode is full-wave rectification.
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