CN108593722A - Transformer insulated cardboard based on effect of electromagnetic field makes moist quantitative evaluating method - Google Patents
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- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001453 impedance spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种基于介电响应特性的变压器绝缘纸板受潮定量评估方法，其主要技术特点是：对被测变压器取油，将油样试品送至实验室测试；进行现场的变压器介电谱测量；计算特定频率下变压器的介电常数；对绝缘纸试品进行介电谱测量；建立XY模型；计算不同含水量下变压器的整体介电谱；拟合特定频率下变压器介电常数与绝缘纸板含水量的关系；计算变压器绝缘纸板含水量。本发明设计合理，其测量和计算方便，结果准确，实现了不吊罩取样条件下的变压器绝缘纸板受潮情况定量评估功能，有助于运维、试验、检修等人员准确把握变压器运行状态，实现精准分析和设备管理功能。
The invention relates to a method for quantitatively evaluating the dampness of transformer insulating cardboard based on dielectric response characteristics. Its main technical characteristics are: taking oil from the transformer under test, and sending the oil sample to the laboratory for testing; conducting on-site transformer dielectric spectrum Measurement; calculate the dielectric constant of the transformer at a specific frequency; measure the dielectric spectrum of the insulating paper sample; establish an XY model; calculate the overall dielectric spectrum of the transformer under different water contents; fit the dielectric constant of the transformer at a specific frequency The relationship between the moisture content of the cardboard; calculate the moisture content of the transformer insulation cardboard. The invention has reasonable design, convenient measurement and calculation, and accurate results, and realizes the quantitative evaluation function of the moisture content of the transformer insulation cardboard under the condition of no hanging cover sampling, which is helpful for operation and maintenance, testing, maintenance and other personnel to accurately grasp the operation status of the transformer, and realize Accurate analysis and device management functions.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于变压器试验技术领域，尤其是一种基于介电响应特性的变压器绝缘纸板受潮定量评估方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of transformer testing, in particular to a method for quantitatively evaluating the dampness of transformer insulating cardboard based on dielectric response characteristics.
背景技术Background technique
油纸绝缘系统是油浸式变压器的主要绝缘结构。在油纸绝缘系统中，水分既是油纸绝缘老化的主要产物，体现着油纸绝缘的含水量，同时又作为老化过程的参与者，促进油、纸纤维素水解，对绝缘材料老化产生不可逆的加速作用，堪称除温度以外威胁变压器油纸绝缘的“头号杀手”。通过大量研究发现，水分含量增加会严重影响绝缘纸的机械寿命，同时绝缘纸热老化速度显著増加。油纸绝缘系统的击穿电压会随着油中水分含量的增大而减小，当水分含量超过允许最大值时，甚至会导致设备绝缘性能失效而带来严重的事故。水分还是油、纸纤维素等高分子材料化学降解反应的催化剂，对材料降解老化产生不可逆的加速作用。因此，如何便捷、准确地对变压器绝缘纸板老化情况进行定量评估是目前迫切需要解决的问题。Oil-paper insulation system is the main insulation structure of oil-immersed transformers. In the oil-paper insulation system, moisture is not only the main product of oil-paper insulation aging, which reflects the water content of oil-paper insulation, but also acts as a participant in the aging process, promoting the hydrolysis of oil and paper cellulose, and irreversibly accelerating the aging of insulation materials. It can be called the "number one killer" that threatens the oil-paper insulation of transformers other than temperature. A large number of studies have found that the increase in moisture content will seriously affect the mechanical life of insulating paper, and the thermal aging speed of insulating paper will increase significantly. The breakdown voltage of the oil-paper insulation system will decrease with the increase of the moisture content in the oil. When the moisture content exceeds the allowable maximum value, it will even lead to the failure of the insulation performance of the equipment and cause serious accidents. Moisture is also a catalyst for the chemical degradation reaction of polymer materials such as oil and paper cellulose, which can irreversibly accelerate the degradation and aging of materials. Therefore, how to conveniently and accurately quantitatively evaluate the aging of transformer insulating cardboard is an urgent problem to be solved at present.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提出一种设计合理、准确可靠且方便快捷的基于介电响应特性的变压器绝缘纸板受潮定量评估方法。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and propose a reasonable design, accurate, reliable, convenient and fast method for quantitatively evaluating the dampness of transformer insulating cardboard based on dielectric response characteristics.
本发明解决其技术问题是采取以下技术方案实现的：The present invention solves its technical problem and realizes by taking the following technical solutions:
一种基于介电响应特性的变压器绝缘纸板受潮定量评估方法，包括以下步骤：A method for quantitatively evaluating dampness of transformer insulating paperboard based on dielectric response characteristics, comprising the following steps:
步骤1、现场测试步骤：对被测变压器取油，将油样试品送至实验室测试；进行现场的变压器介电谱测量；计算特定频率下变压器的介电常数；Step 1. On-site test steps: take oil from the transformer under test, and send the oil sample to the laboratory for testing; conduct on-site transformer dielectric spectrum measurement; calculate the dielectric constant of the transformer at a specific frequency;
步骤2、实验室测试步骤：对现场测试提供的油样试品；制备不同含水量的绝缘纸试品；对绝缘纸试品进行介电谱测量；Step 2, laboratory test steps: the oil samples provided by the field test; the preparation of insulating paper samples with different water contents; the dielectric spectrum measurement of the insulating paper samples;
步骤3、仿真计算步骤：获取变压器绝缘纸板层数、厚度、油道距离、垫块和撑条数量并建立XY模型；计算不同含水量下变压器的整体介电谱；拟合特定频率下变压器介电常数与绝缘纸板含水量的关系；根据现场测得该频率下的变压器介电常数及特定频率下变压器介电常数与绝缘纸板含水量的关系，计算变压器绝缘纸板含水量。Step 3. Simulation calculation steps: Obtain the number of layers, thickness, oil channel distance, pads and stays of the transformer insulation cardboard and establish an XY model; calculate the overall dielectric spectrum of the transformer under different water contents; fit the transformer dielectric spectrum at a specific frequency The relationship between the electrical constant and the moisture content of the insulating cardboard; according to the measured dielectric constant of the transformer at the frequency and the relationship between the dielectric constant of the transformer and the moisture content of the insulating cardboard at a specific frequency, the moisture content of the insulating cardboard of the transformer is calculated.
所述变压器介电谱测量的方法为：采用频域介电响应技术，通过测量不同频率电场下变压器高低压侧之间的电压和流过变压器的电流，绘制复介电常数实部的频率响应特性曲线。The method for measuring the dielectric spectrum of the transformer is: using frequency domain dielectric response technology, by measuring the voltage between the high and low voltage sides of the transformer and the current flowing through the transformer under different frequency electric fields, and drawing the frequency response of the real part of the complex permittivity characteristic curve.
所述计算特定频率下变压器介电常数的方法为：The method for calculating the dielectric constant of a transformer at a specific frequency is as follows:
在变压器高低压侧之间施加角频率为ω＝2πf的交流电压U＝U0eiωt时，考虑变压器油纸绝缘系统的电容C和电导G，流过变压器的电流I为：When an AC voltage U=U 0 e iωt with an angular frequency of ω=2πf is applied between the high and low voltage sides of the transformer, considering the capacitance C and conductance G of the oil-paper insulation system of the transformer, the current I flowing through the transformer is:
C*(ω)＝C'(ω)-jC”(ω)C * (ω) = C'(ω)-jC"(ω)
上式中，j表示虚数部分，C*为油纸绝缘系统等效复电容，C'和C”分别为C*的实部和虚部。In the above formula, j represents the imaginary part, C * is the equivalent complex capacitance of the oil-paper insulation system, and C' and C" are the real and imaginary parts of C * , respectively.
上述复介电常数实部的频率响应特性曲线为ε'(ω)。The frequency response characteristic curve of the real part of the complex permittivity is ε'(ω).
所述制备不同含水量的绝缘纸试品的方法为：把绝缘纸板裁剪成若干相同大小的样品，放在鼓风干燥箱中干燥，后置于空气中自然受潮不同时间，形成不同含水量的绝缘纸试品，并通过Karl-Fischer水分测试仪测量不同试品的含水量。The method for preparing insulating paper samples with different water contents is as follows: cut the insulating cardboard into several samples of the same size, put them in a blast drying oven to dry, and then place them in the air for different periods of time to form samples with different water contents. Insulating paper test samples, and measure the moisture content of different test samples by Karl-Fischer moisture tester.
所述XY模型包括纸筒、油道和撑条，其中，X值为纸筒总厚度与高低压绕组间主绝缘厚度之比，Y值为撑条总宽度与高低压绕组间主绝缘平均周长之比。The XY model includes paper tubes, oil passages and stays, where X is the ratio of the total thickness of the paper tube to the thickness of the main insulation between the high and low voltage windings, and Y is the ratio of the total width of the stays to the average circumference of the main insulation between the high and low voltage windings Compare.
所述XY模型的理论介电谱由下式计算：The theoretical dielectric spectrum of the XY model is calculated by the following formula:
其中j表示虚数部分，ω为角频率，T为油纸绝缘系统温度；ε*tot(ω)为油纸绝缘系统总的复介电常数频域谱；ε*oil(ω)为绝缘油的复介电常数频域谱；ε*PB(ω)为绝缘纸板的复介电常数频域谱；σ(T)为绝缘油在温度T下的直流电导率；ε0为真空介电常数，且ε0＝8.85e-12F/m。where j represents the imaginary part, ω is the angular frequency, T is the temperature of the oil-paper insulation system; ε* tot (ω) is the frequency domain spectrum of the total complex permittivity of the oil-paper insulation system; ε* oil (ω) is the complex dielectric constant of the insulating oil Permittivity frequency domain spectrum; ε* PB (ω) is the complex permittivity frequency domain spectrum of insulating paperboard; σ(T) is the DC conductivity of insulating oil at temperature T; ε 0 is the vacuum permittivity, and ε 0 = 8.85e -12 F/m.
所述拟合特定频率下变压器介电常数与绝缘纸板含水量的关系的方法为：选择低频位置的介电常数值，构建变压器介电常数与绝缘纸板含水量的函数关系。The method for fitting the relationship between the dielectric constant of the transformer and the water content of the insulating cardboard at a specific frequency is: selecting the value of the dielectric constant at a low frequency position, and constructing a functional relationship between the dielectric constant of the transformer and the water content of the insulating cardboard.
本发明的优点和积极效果是：Advantage and positive effect of the present invention are:
本发明设计合理，其在获取变压器结构尺寸等相关参数和绝缘油样的条件下，通过现场测量变压器介电谱快速计算绝缘纸板含水量，其测量和计算方便，结果准确，实现了不吊罩取样条件下的变压器绝缘纸板受潮情况定量评估功能，有助于运维、试验、检修等人员准确把握变压器运行状态，实现精准分析和设备管理功能。The invention has a reasonable design. Under the condition of obtaining relevant parameters such as the transformer structure size and insulating oil samples, it can quickly calculate the moisture content of the insulating cardboard by measuring the dielectric spectrum of the transformer on site. The function of quantitative evaluation of the moisture content of transformer insulating cardboard under sampling conditions helps operation and maintenance, testing, and maintenance personnel to accurately grasp the operating status of transformers, and realize precise analysis and equipment management functions.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明处理流程图；Fig. 1 is a process flowchart of the present invention;
图2是频域介电谱测试原理图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the frequency domain dielectric spectrum test;
图3是变压器油纸绝缘结构图；Figure 3 is a structural diagram of transformer oil-paper insulation;
图4是变压器油纸绝缘结构的简化模型；Figure 4 is a simplified model of the transformer oil-paper insulation structure;
图5是本实施例得到的介电常数与频率的曲线；Fig. 5 is the curve of the dielectric constant and frequency that the present embodiment obtains;
图6是本实施例得到的介电常数与水分含量的曲线。Fig. 6 is a curve of dielectric constant and water content obtained in this embodiment.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明实施例做进一步详述。Embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
一种基于介电响应特性的变压器绝缘纸板受潮定量评估方法，如图1所示，由现场测试、仿真计算和实验室测试三部分组成，分别对应图1中A列、B列和C列中的步骤，下面对三个部分分别进行说明：A quantitative evaluation method for the moisture content of transformer insulating cardboard based on the dielectric response characteristics, as shown in Figure 1, consists of three parts: field test, simulation calculation and laboratory test, corresponding to columns A, B and C in Figure 1 The steps are described below for the three parts:
步骤1、现场测试步骤，包括以下过程：Step 1, on-site testing steps, including the following processes:
(1)对被测变压器取油，将油样试品送至实验室测试。(1) Take oil from the transformer under test, and send the oil sample to the laboratory for testing.
(2)进行现场的变压器介电谱测量。变压器的介电谱测量采用频域介电响应技术，通过测量不同频率电场下变压器高低压侧之间的电压和流过变压器的电流，绘制复介电常数实部的频率响应特性曲线。频域介电谱测试原理如图2所示。(2) Carry out on-site transformer dielectric spectrum measurement. The dielectric spectrum measurement of the transformer adopts the frequency domain dielectric response technology. By measuring the voltage between the high and low voltage sides of the transformer and the current flowing through the transformer under different frequency electric fields, the frequency response characteristic curve of the real part of the complex dielectric constant is drawn. The principle of frequency-domain dielectric spectrum testing is shown in Figure 2.
(3)计算特定频率下变压器的介电常数。(3) Calculate the dielectric constant of the transformer at a specific frequency.
在变压器高低压侧之间施加角频率为ω＝2πf的交流电压U＝U0eiωt时，考虑变压器油纸绝缘系统的电容C和电导G，流过变压器的电流I为：When an AC voltage U=U 0 e iωt with an angular frequency of ω=2πf is applied between the high and low voltage sides of the transformer, considering the capacitance C and conductance G of the oil-paper insulation system of the transformer, the current I flowing through the transformer is:
C*(ω)＝C'(ω)-jC”(ω)C * (ω) = C'(ω)-jC"(ω)
上式中，j表示虚数部分，C*为油纸绝缘系统等效复电容，C'和C”分别为C*的实部和虚部。In the above formula, j represents the imaginary part, C * is the equivalent complex capacitance of the oil-paper insulation system, and C' and C" are the real and imaginary parts of C * , respectively.
电容与电介质的介电常数和形状有关。例如以平行平板式电极为例Capacitance is related to the dielectric constant and shape of the dielectric. For example, take the parallel plate electrode as an example
C*(ω)＝ε0S[ε'(ω)-jε”(ω)]/dC * (ω)＝ε 0 S[ε'(ω)-jε”(ω)]/d
其中S为极板面积，d为电介质厚度，ε'和ε”分别为复介电常数的实部和虚部，ε0为真空介电常数，且ε0＝8.85e-12F/m。Where S is the plate area, d is the thickness of the dielectric, ε' and ε" are the real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivity, respectively, ε 0 is the vacuum permittivity, and ε 0 =8.85e -12 F/m.
上述复介电常数实部的频率响应特性曲线即为ε'(ω)。The frequency response characteristic curve of the real part of the above-mentioned complex permittivity is ε'(ω).
步骤2、实验室测试步骤，包括以下过程：Step 2, laboratory testing steps, including the following processes:
(1)对现场测试提供的油样试品，测量变压器绝缘油样的直流电导率。(1) Measure the DC conductivity of the transformer insulating oil sample for the oil sample sample provided by the field test.
(2)制备不同含水量的绝缘纸试品，具体方法为：不同含水量的绝缘纸试品的制备方法为：把绝缘纸板裁剪成若干相同大小的样品，放在鼓风干燥箱中干燥，后置于空气中自然受潮不同时间，形成不同含水量的绝缘纸试品，并通过Karl-Fischer水分测试仪测量不同试品的含水量。(2) Prepare insulating paper samples with different water contents, the specific method is: the preparation method of insulating paper samples with different water contents is: cut the insulating cardboard into several samples of the same size, and dry them in a blast drying oven. After being placed in the air, it is naturally dampened for different times to form insulating paper samples with different moisture contents, and the moisture content of different samples is measured by a Karl-Fischer moisture tester.
(3)对制备的绝缘纸试品进行介电谱测量。(3) Conduct dielectric spectrum measurement on the prepared insulating paper samples.
步骤3、仿真计算步骤，包括以下过程：Step 3, simulation calculation steps, including the following process:
(1)获取变压器绝缘纸板层数、厚度、油道距离、垫块和撑条数量等相关结构和电气参数，建立XY模型。(1) Obtain relevant structural and electrical parameters such as the number of layers of transformer insulating cardboard, thickness, oil passage distance, number of pads and stays, and establish an XY model.
XY模型是将变压器油纸绝缘结构(如图3所示)进行简化，即将所有纸筒、油道和撑条分别集成，得到如图4所示的变压器主绝缘结构的简化模型。其中，X值为纸筒总厚度与高低压绕组间主绝缘厚度之比，Y值为撑条总宽度与高低压绕组间主绝缘平均周长之比。The XY model simplifies the oil-paper insulation structure of the transformer (as shown in Figure 3), that is, integrates all the paper tubes, oil passages and stays separately, and obtains the simplified model of the main insulation structure of the transformer as shown in Figure 4. Among them, X is the ratio of the total thickness of the paper tube to the thickness of the main insulation between the high and low voltage windings, and Y is the ratio of the total width of the stay to the average circumference of the main insulation between the high and low voltage windings.
(2)计算不同含水量下变压器的整体介电谱。XY模型的理论介电谱可由下式计算：(2) Calculate the overall dielectric spectrum of the transformer under different water contents. The theoretical dielectric spectrum of the XY model can be calculated by the following formula:
其中j表示虚数部分，ω为角频率，T为油纸绝缘系统温度；ε*tot(ω)为油纸绝缘系统总的复介电常数频域谱，即变压器介电谱；ε*oil(ω)为绝缘油的复介电常数频域谱；ε*PB(ω)为绝缘纸板的复介电常数频域谱，通过上述实验室测试部分得到；σ(T)为绝缘油在温度T下的直流电导率，同样可以通过实验室测试部分得到；ε0为真空介电常数，且ε0＝8.85e-12F/m。Where j represents the imaginary part, ω is the angular frequency, and T is the temperature of the oil-paper insulation system; ε* tot (ω) is the total complex permittivity frequency domain spectrum of the oil-paper insulation system, that is, the dielectric spectrum of the transformer; ε* oil (ω) is the frequency-domain spectrum of complex permittivity of insulating oil; ε* PB (ω) is the frequency-domain spectrum of complex permittivity of insulating paperboard, obtained through the above laboratory test; σ(T) is the The direct current conductivity can also be obtained through laboratory testing; ε 0 is the vacuum permittivity, and ε 0 =8.85e -12 F/m.
(3)拟合特定频率下变压器介电常数与绝缘纸板含水量的关系函数。(3) Fit the relationship function between the dielectric constant of the transformer and the moisture content of the insulating cardboard at a specific frequency.
ε*oil(ω)的实部即变压器介电常数与绝缘纸板含水量关系密切，尤其是在低频段。典型的介电常数曲线如图5所示。选择某低频位置(如0.001Hz)的介电常数值，构建变压器介电常数与绝缘纸板含水量的函数关系。The real part of ε* oil (ω), that is, the dielectric constant of the transformer, is closely related to the moisture content of the insulating paperboard, especially in the low frequency band. A typical permittivity curve is shown in Figure 5. Select the dielectric constant value at a low frequency position (such as 0.001Hz), and construct the functional relationship between the dielectric constant of the transformer and the moisture content of the insulating cardboard.
(4)根据现场测得该频率下变压器的介电常数及特定频率下变压器介电常数与绝缘纸板含水量的关系函数，即可计算绝缘纸板含水量。(4) According to the dielectric constant of the transformer at the frequency measured on site and the relationship function between the dielectric constant of the transformer and the moisture content of the insulating cardboard at a specific frequency, the moisture content of the insulating cardboard can be calculated.
在本实施例中，在制备不同含水量的绝缘纸板制备时，可以把绝缘纸板(厚度为1mm)裁剪成边长为60mm的正方形板，放入温度为105℃的鼓风干燥箱中干燥48h；而后在湿度为60％的房间内敞开静置0h、1h、3h、8h、24h、48h，使纸板自然受潮，通过Karl-Fischer水分测试仪测得纸板含水量分别为0.54％、1.08％、1.95％、3.26％、4.42％、5.72％。对上述试品测量介电响应特性，其介电常数与频率的曲线即为图5。In this example, when preparing insulating paperboards with different water contents, the insulating paperboards (thickness: 1 mm) can be cut into square boards with a side length of 60 mm, and dried in a blast drying oven at a temperature of 105 °C for 48 hours. ; and then leave it open in a room with a humidity of 60% for 0h, 1h, 3h, 8h, 24h, 48h, so that the cardboard is naturally damp, and the moisture content of the cardboard measured by the Karl-Fischer moisture tester is 0.54%, 1.08%, respectively. 1.95%, 3.26%, 4.42%, 5.72%. Measure the dielectric response characteristics of the above-mentioned sample, and the curve of the dielectric constant and frequency is shown in Figure 5.
在图5的低频段选取0.001Hz下的点，得到介电常数与水分含量的曲线如图6所示，拟合其与水分含量的对应关系如下式所示，即二者近似成线性关系，此拟合的优度为0.954，表明所得到的表达式的相关性较强。Select the point at 0.001Hz in the low frequency range of Figure 5, and obtain the curve of dielectric constant and moisture content as shown in Figure 6, and fit the corresponding relationship with the moisture content as shown in the following formula, that is, the two are approximately linear, The goodness of fit for this is 0.954, indicating that the resulting expressions are strongly correlated.
ε＝2.762w-0.488。ε=2.762w-0.488.
需要强调的是，本发明所述的实施例是说明性的，而不是限定性的，因此本发明包括并不限于具体实施方式中所述的实施例，凡是由本领域技术人员根据本发明的技术方案得出的其他实施方式，同样属于本发明保护的范围。It should be emphasized that the embodiments described in the present invention are illustrative rather than restrictive, so the present invention includes and is not limited to the embodiments described in the specific implementation, and those skilled in the art according to the technology of the present invention Other implementations derived from the scheme also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
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