A kind of device and method of quick measurement solid aqueous rate
Technical field
The present invention relates to detection device technical fields, and in particular to a kind of device of quick measurement solid aqueous rate and side
Method.
Background technology
With the development of scientific research and the progress of production technology, the quantitative analysis of solid moisture have become one it is important
Quality index.The moisture of solid can influence its quality and storage, especially for the solid of food one kind, such as bean vermicelli, bean curd stick
Deng, the excessively high corruption that can accelerate food of water content, not only storage phase shortens, and but will cause food-safety problem.
The detection method of solid aqueous rate has direct measuring method and Indirect Determination, utilizes solid contained humidity physics itself
With the method for chemical property determination moisture content direct measuring method, such as 105 DEG C of seasonings, vacuum drying method, 130 DEG C of express methods,
Infrared drying, micro-wave drying method etc.;It is measured using physical indexs such as solid proportion, refractive index, conductance, dielectric constants aqueous
The method of rate is Indirect Determination.However, at present produce in enormous quantities when using detection method can only use sampling observation by the way of examine
It surveys, not only the period is long, detection efficiency is low, numerical value is inaccurate, but also is destructive measurement for product, for giving birth on a large scale
The quality control of product is very unfavorable in production.
Invention content
The present invention is in view of the deficienciess of the prior art, provide a kind of quick, simple, reliable, low cost measurement solid
The device and method of moisture content is suitable for heavy industrialization application.
A kind of device of quick measurement solid aqueous rate, described device include two electrodes, electrode drive mechanism, electrode pressure
Tension detection mechanism and control system;Described two electrodes are mounted in the electrode drive mechanism, and it is solid that bottom surface is parallel to placement
The plane of body, described two electrodes and electrode drive mechanism are located at the top of the solid;The electrode drive mechanism includes straight
Line motion driving mechanism, connecting plate, electrode mounting plate, spring and guide post;The electrode pressure testing agency is described for detecting
Two electrodes press to the pressure when solid, and output signal is a switching value, when the electrode presses to the pressure of the solid
When power reaches setting value, the state of output signal changes;The control system receives the defeated of the electrode pressure testing agency
Go out signal, and controls the electrode drive mechanism and the electrode is driven to move up and down.
Further, described two electrodes are conductive rubber;Conductive rubber electrode is easily deformed, with the contact of the solid
Area bigger.In addition, described two electrodes can also use conductive metallic material, such as red copper, stainless steel.
Further, the straight line movement driving mechanism includes one piece of cylinder top plate, and the cylinder top plate can be transported along straight line
It is dynamic;The connecting plate is fixed in the cylinder top plate of the straight line movement driving mechanism, and straight line fortune can be done with cylinder top plate
It is dynamic;One end of the guide post is fixed on the electrode mounting plate, and the other end passes through the hole on the connecting plate, and can be in the hole
The middle axis direction along hole slides, and the guide post passes through the one end in the hole on the connecting plate to have position limiting structure;The spring position
Between the connecting plate and electrode mounting plate, resilient force is on the electrode mounting plate and connecting plate;It is described two
Electrode is installed on the lower surface of the electrode mounting plate, and the electrode mounting plate and described two electrodes are electric insulations
's.
Further, the straight line movement driving mechanism is cylinder, hydraulic cylinder, electric pushrod or electronic slide unit.
Further, the electrode pressure testing agency includes a travel switch, and the travel switch is mounted on described
On connecting plate or electrode mounting plate, between the connecting plate and electrode mounting plate, installation site should ensure that when the electricity
When extreme pressure reaches setting value to the power of the solid, the output state of the travel switch changes.
Further, described device further includes electrode displacement measuring mechanism;The electrode displacement measuring mechanism includes displacement
Sensor, institute's displacement sensors can directly measure the maximum displacement of described two electrodes, also can be by measuring the connection
The maximum displacement of plate or electrode mounting plate measures the maximum displacement of described two electrodes indirectly.Institute's displacement sensors are connected to institute
Control system is stated, when measuring every time, the control system measures the maximum displacement of the electrode.
Further, the control system include computer, switch interface, analog interface, measurement of water ratio circuit,
Displacement measurement circuit and instruction device.The measurement of water ratio circuit include a divider resistance and a follower, described point
One termination power of piezoresistance, the other end connect the input of an electrode and follower, another electrode ground connection, the output of follower
Connect a channel of the analog interface.
Using a kind of method of quick measurement solid aqueous rate of above-mentioned apparatus, following steps are specifically included:
Step 1, the electrode are originally located in more slightly higher than the solid(For example 5mm)Position, control system controls the electrode
Driving mechanism drives described two electrodes to decline;
The signal of electrode pressure testing agency described in step 2, control system cycle detection is detecting that two electrode pressures reach
At the time of setting value, controls the electrode drive mechanism and stop that described two electrodes is driven to decline, be changed on two electrodes of driving
It rises, while acquiring the signal of the signal and the displacement measurement circuit of the measurement of water ratio circuit;
Step 3, the moisture content H that the solid is calculated according to the signal of the measurement of water ratio circuit1, according to institute's displacement measurement
The signal of circuit calculates the moisture content H of the solid2, work as H1And H2When exceeding normal measurement range, pass through the instruction device
Alarm;As only H1When beyond normal measurement range, H is used2As measurement result;As only H2When beyond normal measurement range, use
H1As measurement result;Work as H1And H2When without departing from normal measurement range, with (H1+H2)/2 are used as measurement result;Measurement result
It is exported by the instruction device;
Step 4 continues to control the electrode drive mechanism described two electrodes is driven to rise, until two electrodes return to it is described just
Until beginning position, stop that described two electrodes is driven to rise.
The operation principle of the present invention is that:The resistivity of the solid of different water cut is different, for equal length and identical section
For the solid of area, resistance is also different, by experiment can find out designated length and sectional area solid resistance and its
The relationship of moisture content can measure its moisture content by measuring the resistance of solid of designated length and sectional area accordingly.Meanwhile
At the same pressure, deflection is also different for the solid of different water cut, in general, the low deformation of moisture content is small, moisture content height becomes
Shape is big, and the relationship between the moisture content of solid and the deflection under electrode uniform pressure can be found out by experiment.It surveys every time
When amount, what is applied on the electrode is identical pressure, and the maximum displacement of electrode reflects the deflection of solid, accordingly, you can is surveyed
Go out the moisture content of solid.
For example, the resistance of the part of the bean vermicelli cake for moisture content within the scope of 5%-16%, designated length and sectional area
With the good relationship of its moisture content;Under the identical pressure effect of the electrode, the displacement of electrode(The deformation of bean vermicelli cake
Amount)It is also preferable with the correlation of the moisture content of bean vermicelli cake.
The technique effect of the present invention:
(1)The device and method of the measurement solid aqueous rate of the present invention is quick, simple, reliable, at low cost, is suitable for extensive work
Industry application;
(2)When the electrode of the present invention presses to solid under the driving of electrode drive mechanism, spring can provide a buffering, reduce punching
It hits, and pressure of the electrode to solid is kept by the compression of spring, electrode pressure is identical when pressure every time, ensures electrode and solid
Contact situation is identical every time, and measurement error is small;
(3)Electrode is identical to the pressure of solid when the present invention measures every time, herein under the premise of measure two electrodes between solid electricity
Resistance and deflection, can accurately measure the moisture content of solid.
Present invention has an advantage that being:Measurement result not only reflects the moisture content of the surface of solids, moreover it is possible to certain
The case where reflecting solid interior in degree, is a global index.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the overall structure for the device that solid aqueous rate is quickly measured in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the partial structurtes for the device that solid aqueous rate is quickly measured in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is that electrode reaches the front view that constant pressure measures the partial structurtes of position in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is that electrode reaches the right view that constant pressure measures the partial structurtes of position in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is measurement of water ratio circuit diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 6 is displacement measurement circuit schematic diagram in the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of control system in the present invention.
Reference numeral:1, workbench, 2, column, 3, cylinder, 3-1, cylinder block, 3-2, ejecting rod of cylinder, 3-3, cylinder top
Plate, 4, air cylinder fixed plate, 5, solid, 6, displacement sensor, 6-1, displacement sensor mandril, 6-2, displacement sensor potentiometer,
Terminals on 6-3, displacement sensor, 6-4, displacement sensor intermediate connection end, terminals, 7, displacement under 6-5, displacement sensor
Sensor stand, 8, auxiliary rod, 9, connecting plate, 10, guide post, 11, spring, 12, electrode mounting plate, 13, first electrode, 14,
Two electrodes, 15, travel switch, 16, control system.
Specific implementation mode
The principle and features of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the given examples are served only to explain the present invention, and
It is non-to be used to limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 7, the quick device for measuring solid aqueous rate of the invention includes first electrode 13 and the second electricity
Pole 14, electrode drive mechanism, electrode pressure testing agency, electrode displacement measuring mechanism and control system 16.
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, electrode drive mechanism includes cylinder 3, connecting plate 9, electrode mounting plate 12, spring 11 and guide post
10 equal components.
Wherein, cylinder 3 includes cylinder block 3-1, ejecting rod of cylinder 3-2 and cylinder top plate 3-3, ejecting rod of cylinder 3-2 connection gas
Cylinder top plate 3-3 drives cylinder top plate 3-3 for linear motion.Connecting plate 9 is fixed on cylinder top plate 3-3, with cylinder top plate 3-3
It is for linear motion;One end of guide post 10 is fixed on electrode mounting plate 12, and the other end passes through the hole on connecting plate 9, guide post 10 to wear
Cross the hole part and the hole be clearance fit, guide post 10 in the hole along the axis direction in hole slide, in order to reduce guide post with
Friction between the hole avoids guide post lack of alignment, can install linear bearing in the hole, such as round flange linear bearing, lead
Column 10 passes through the hole among linear bearing;Guide post 10 passes through the one end in the hole on connecting plate 9 to set, and there are one turret head, the turret heads
The diameter on external cylindrical surface be more than the diameter in the hole that guide post 10 passes through on connecting plate 9, installed to limit connecting plate 9 and electrode
Maximum distance between plate 12 limits the impulse stroke of first electrode 13 and second electrode 14;Spring 11 is set in guide post 10
On, it installs and elastic reaction is between connecting plate 9 and electrode mounting plate 12;Electrode mounting plate 12 is phenoplasts plate(Bakelite
Plate), first electrode 13 and second electrode 14 are installed on the lower surface of electrode mounting plate 12.
Electrode drive mechanism is fixed on by column 2 and air cylinder fixed plate 4 on workbench 1.By solid 5 to be detected(This reality
Apply in example is bean vermicelli group)It is positioned on workbench 1, is placed in 14 lower section of first electrode 13 and second electrode(First electrode 13 and
2 14 be red copper material).The bottom surface of first electrode 13 and second electrode 14 is parallel to the upper surface of workbench 1, electrode drive machine
Structure drives first electrode 13 and second electrode 14 to move.
As shown in figure 3, electrode pressure testing agency includes travel switch 15, travel switch 15 is mounted on connecting plate 9, position
Between connecting plate 9 and electrode mounting plate 12, installation site should ensure that the power for pressing to solid 5 when electrode 13 and 14 reaches setting
When value, the output state of travel switch 15 changes.The output of travel switch 15 is connected to control system 16, when measuring every time, control
16 coordination electrode driving mechanism of system processed drives two electrodes to move downward, and so that two electrodes is pressed onto on the solid 5, examines simultaneously
The output for surveying travel switch 15 stops two electrodes and moves downward, and switch to control when the output state of travel switch 15 changes
Two electrodes of system are lifted up.
As shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 6, electrode displacement measuring mechanism includes displacement sensor 6, and displacement sensor 6 is connected to control system
System 16, when measuring every time, control system 16 controls the maximum displacement of two electrodes.The displacement sensor 6 is potentiometric displacement
Terminals 6-3, displacement pass on sensor or laser displacement sensor, including displacement sensor potentiometer 6-2 and displacement sensor
Terminals 6-5 under sensor intermediate connection end 6-4 and displacement sensor, three terminals are connected internally to displacement sensor respectively
The both ends of potentiometer 6-2 and sliding end;Displacement sensor 6 further includes that displacement sensor mandril 6-1 pacifies with electrode is fixedly mounted on
Auxiliary rod 8 in loading board 12,8 upper end planar top of auxiliary rod is on displacement sensor mandril 6-1.Displacement sensor 6 passes through displacement
Sensor stand 7 is mounted in air cylinder fixed plate 4, since first electrode 13 and second electrode 14 are mounted on electrode mounting plate 12
On, the displacement of first electrode 13 and second electrode 14 can be measured by the displacement of measuring electrode mounting plate 12.
As shown in fig. 7, control system 16 include computer, switch interface, analog interface, measurement of water ratio circuit,
Displacement measurement circuit, air valve, alarm and display.Control system 16 mainly passes through measurement of water ratio circuit and displacement measurement electricity
Drive test obtains the moisture content of solid 5.16 coordination electrode driving mechanism of control system drives two electrodes to move up and down, first electrode
13, second electrode 14, electrode drive mechanism and electrode pressure testing agency are all connected to control system.When measuring every time, control
16 coordination electrode driving mechanism of system drives two electrodes to move downward, and first electrode 13, second electrode 14 is made to be pressed onto solid 5
On, while by the pressure of electrode pressure testing agency two electrodes of detection, when two electrode pressures reach some setting value
Stopping moves downward, switch to control two electrodes be lifted up, in the process, detect two electrodes between solid resistance most
Small value judges the moisture content of solid 5 with this.Display(Display device)To show measurement of water ratio result.
As shown in figure 5, measurement of water ratio circuit includes a divider resistance R0With a follower, the divider resistance R0
One termination power Vm, the input terminal of another termination first electrode 13 and follower, the ground connection of second electrode 14, the output end of follower
Connect a channel of analog interface, in the present embodiment, power supply VmFor 5V, divider resistance R0Resistance value be 10M Ω, follower use
CA3140 operational amplifiers are realized, if the output voltage of follower is V1, then the resistance R of solid 5x=V1R0/(Vm-V1)。
The correspondence of the resistance and its moisture content of solid 5 is obtained by experiment in advance, measuring the resistance of solid 5 can survey
Obtain the moisture content of solid 5.
As shown in fig. 6, displacement measurement circuit, depending on displacement sensor used, displacement measurement circuit is followed including one
Device, terminals 6-3 meets power supply V on displacement sensorm, terminals 6-5 ground connection, displacement sensor intermediate connection under displacement sensor
End 6-4 connects the input terminal of follower, another channel of the output termination analog interface of follower, described in the present embodiment
Follower is realized with CA3140 operational amplifiers.
Displacement measurement circuit fixes moisture content according to the motion measurement of electrode displacement measuring mechanism:Displacement sensor mandril 6-
The sliding end of 1 connection displacement sensor potentiometer 6-2, the mobile drive displacement sensor potentiometer of displacement sensor mandril 6-1
The sliding end of 6-2 moves, and to change the output voltage of displacement sensor intermediate connection end 6-4, which is zero expression displacement
Sensor mandril 6-1 is in one end of its impulse stroke, which is equal to VmIndicate that displacement sensor mandril 6-1 is in its work
The other end of stroke, the output voltage of the displacement and sensor intermediate connection end 6-4 of sensor mandril 6-1(Equal to follower
Output voltage V2)It is linear, it is assumed that the range of displacement sensor 7 be L, then the displacement of displacement sensor mandril 6-1 be x=
V2L/Vm。
The moisture content pass corresponding with the maximum displacement of electrode under constant pressure 13 and 14 of solid 5 is obtained by experiment in advance
System, the moisture content of solid 5 can be measured by measuring the maximum displacement of first electrode 13 and second electrode 14.
In addition, cylinder 3 selects double-acting cylinder, air valve correspondingly to select two-position-five-way solenoid valve in the embodiment, alarm
Device selects 220V audible-visual annunciators.Computer uses STC15F2K60S2 microcontrollers;Switch interface using the microcontroller P0,
The ports P2 and P3, and increase output driving circuit(Solid-state relay)To connect the air valve and alarm;Analog interface is straight
It connects using A/D converter in single chip microcomputer(Pin P1.0-P1.7);Display is LCD1602 liquid crystal displays.Travel switch 15
A pair of contact connect with computer by switch interface computer by switch interface control air valve power supply break-make, and
The lifting of first electrode 13 and second electrode 14 is controlled by cylinder 3;When control system 16 detects that the moisture content of solid 5 is more than
Setting value, or when the quick device failure for measuring solid aqueous rate of the invention, computer is connected by switch interface
Power source of alarm is alarmed.
The present invention measures solid aqueous rate using the device of above-mentioned quick measurement solid aqueous rate and measures, and specific one
The method that kind quickly measures solid aqueous rate mainly includes the following steps that:
Step 1, first electrode 13 and second electrode 14 are originally located in more slightly higher than solid 5(For example 5mm)Position, control system 16
Coordination electrode driving mechanism drives first electrode 13 and second electrode 14 to decline;
The signal of step 2,16 cycle detection travel switch 15 of control system, at the time of the signal transition status, coordination electrode
Driving mechanism stops driving first electrode 13 and second electrode 14 declines, and becomes driving in first electrode 13 and second electrode 14
It rises, while acquiring the signal of measurement of water ratio circuit and the signal of displacement measurement circuit;
Step 3, the moisture content H that solid 5 is calculated according to the signal of measurement of water ratio circuit1, according to the signal of displacement measurement circuit
Calculate the moisture content H of solid 52, work as H1And H2When exceeding normal measurement range, pass through alarm equipment alarm;As only H1Beyond just
When normal measurement range, H is used2As measurement result;As only H2When beyond normal measurement range, H is used1As measurement result;Work as H1
And H2When without departing from normal measurement range, with (H1+H2)/2 are used as measurement result;Measurement result send display to show, works as measurement
When as a result exceeding setting value, pass through alarm equipment alarm;
Step 4 continues coordination electrode driving mechanism driving first electrode 13 and the rising of second electrode 14, until 13 He of first electrode
Until second electrode 14 returns to the initial position, stops driving first electrode 13 and second electrode 14 rises.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all the present invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.