CN108593511B - Dual wavelength formula PM2.5 check out test set - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dual-wavelength PM2.5 detection device, which comprises a shell and is characterized in that a detection cavity is formed in the shell, an incident light channel is communicated and arranged on one side of the detection cavity, a bicolor light generating mechanism is arranged at one end, far away from the detection cavity, of the incident light channel to generate a bicolor light column which is incident to a detection position in the detection cavity, the bicolor light column comprises a first color light column with a circular section and an annular second color light column with a section which is connected to the outside of the section of the first color light column, the diameter of the section circle of the first color light column is 2.5 micrometers, a ventilation channel communicated with the outside is further arranged on the detection cavity, a color sensor is further arranged on the inner wall of the detection cavity, and the sensing direction of the color sensor is opposite to the detection position. The invention can well shield the interference of large particles to realize the detection of PM2.5, and has the advantages of simple implementation, convenience, rapidness, accurate and reliable detection result and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of air quality detection; in particular to a dual-wavelength PM2.5 detection device.
Background
Fine particles are also known asFine particlesFine particles, fine particles,PM2.5. Is referred to in the ambient airAerodynamics of the airEquivalent diameter of 2.5 or lessMicron meterThe particulate matter of (1). It can be suspended in air for a long time, and the higher the content concentration in the air, the more serious the air pollution is. Although it is used forPM2.5But only the earth's atmospheric constituents are very small in content, but it has a significant effect on air quality and visibility. Compared with the thicker atmospheric particulate matter, the PM2.5 has small particle size, large area, strong activity, easy attachment of toxicity,Is provided with Hazardous substance(for example,heavy metals、MicroorganismsEtc.) and has a long residence time in the atmosphere and a long transport distance, thus having a greater impact on human health and quality of the atmospheric environment.
With the development of society and the improvement of living standard of people, people pay more and more attention to the aspects of environmental health, air quality and the like. WhilePM2.5The content is a very important index parameter for representing the urban air quality. PM2.5 not only causes large-area haze disasters to cause serious air pollution, but also easily causes diseases such as asthma, respiratory tract infection and the like, and can cause carcinogenicity and harm human health. Therefore, detection of PM2.5 is essential for people going out.
At present, the detection methods for PM2.5 at home and abroad include gravimetric method, micro-oscillation balance method, beta-ray absorption method and single-wavelength light scattering method, and the current portable PM2.5 detector mainly adopts the single-wavelength scattering method. A PM2.5 cutter which is a key element of a single-wavelength scattering method is used for absorbing large interference particles by adopting an oil adsorption method so as to achieve the purpose of removing the interference, but the cutter has the defects of difficulty in cleaning, high maintenance cost and the like, and the phenomenon that the error of a detector is increased due to the reduction of the working efficiency of the cutter is easily caused.
Therefore, how to design a PM2.5 detection technology which can better shield the interference of large particulate matters and improve the PM2.5 detection accuracy, is simple to implement, convenient and fast, and has accurate and reliable detection results becomes a problem to be considered and solved by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to provide one kind can shield the interference of big particulate matter well, implements simply, convenient and fast, and the accurate reliable dual wavelength formula PM2.5 check out test set of testing result.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a dual-wavelength PM2.5 detection device comprises a shell and is characterized in that a detection cavity is formed in the shell, an incident light channel is communicated with one side of the detection cavity, a bicolor light generating mechanism is arranged at one end, far away from the detection cavity, of the incident light channel and used for generating a bicolor light column incident to a detection position in the detection cavity, the bicolor light column comprises a first color light column with a circular section and a second color light column with an annular section, the second color light column is connected with the outer side of the section of the first color light column in a connected mode, the diameter of the section circle of the first color light column is 2.5 micrometers, a ventilation channel communicated with the outside is further arranged on the detection cavity, a ventilation device is arranged in the ventilation channel and used for forming stable air flow at the detection position in the detection cavity, a color sensor is further arranged on the inner wall of the detection cavity, the sensing direction of the color sensor is just opposite to the detection, the color sensor is in communication connection with the computer.
The working principle of the device is that under the condition that the PM2.5 concentration of air is fixed and the wind speed is fixed, the amount of PM2.5 particles passing through the unit space volume with the cross section of 2.5 microns in unit time is also fixed, so that the corresponding PM2.5 concentration of air can be obtained by detecting the amount of PM2.5 particles and converting. When this equipment specifically uses, rely on ventilation unit to detect the position and form stable wind current in detecting the intracavity, rely on double-colored light generating mechanism to generate just to the double-colored light column that detects the position incidence, wherein first colour light column and second colour light column colour are different, and when solid particle passes through first colour light column in the air, the scattering takes place, and the different light of intensity can be scattered out to the particulate matter of equidimension not. The light signal is captured and collected through the color sensor, whether PM2.5 particles pass through the first color light column or not can be determined according to the collected color signal, and finally the concentration of PM2.5 under the current test environment can be obtained through calculating the value of the PM2.5 particles passing through a single period. Wherein the second color light column filters the particle with the diameter larger than 2.5 microns when judging, namely when the collected particle only scatters out the first color light, the particle can be judged to be PM2.5, if the particle scatters out the first color light and the second color light at the same time, whether the particle is larger than 2.5 microns can be judged according to the proportion of the two color lights, and the solid particle with the diameter larger than 2.5 microns is firstly deleted during calculation, so that the interference of the large solid substance on the detection can be perfectly shielded, and the detection accuracy is greatly improved. The specific calculation mode can be directly calculated by a conversion formula preset in a computer according to the principle; or under the condition of constant air flow, the values measured by the color sensors corresponding to the air with different PM2.5 concentrations are measured in advance in a one-to-one correspondence mode and preset in a computer, and during actual detection, the corresponding PM2.5 concentrations are matched according to the measured data of the color sensors, so that the detection result can be obtained.
Furthermore, the air duct comprises an air inlet channel and an air outlet channel which are communicated with the detection cavity, and the ventilation device is an air pump and is arranged in the air outlet channel. Like this to the mode formation air current of convulsions, avoid adopting the mode of blast air to bring lubricating oil in the ventilation unit into and detect the chamber easily and influence and detect the precision.
Furthermore, the air inlet channel and the air outlet channel horizontally penetrate through the shell along the direction of the vertical incident light channel, and meanwhile, a verification channel is arranged along the direction opposite to the incident light channel. Therefore, the wind flow can be better ensured to flow along the direction of the vertical incident light, and the detection is facilitated. Meanwhile, the verification channel can realize the inspection and calibration of incident light, and the detection is accurate and reliable. The inspection and calibration can be realized by adopting a microscope, and the inspection and calibration channel can be closed after the inspection and calibration are finished, so that the interference to the wind flow direction is reduced.
Further, the inner wall of the detection cavity is provided with a black material layer. Therefore, the interference of the reflected light on the inner wall of the detector to the detection can be reduced, and the detection precision is improved.
Further, the shell is made of a metal material, and the black material layer is obtained in a black anodic oxidation mode. Thus, the strength of the shell can be ensured, and the black material layer can be conveniently arranged. The shell material is preferably an aluminum alloy. Excellent processing performance, excellent weldability, extrudability and electroplatability, good corrosion resistance and toughness, easy polishing and film coloring, and excellent anodic oxidation effect.
Further, one side of the shell is provided with a color sensor embedding opening and used for installing the color sensor, so that the color sensor can be conveniently and fixedly installed.
Furthermore, the setting direction of the color sensor is perpendicular to the incident direction of the incident light beam, and two sides of the detection head of the color sensor are respectively provided with a baffle perpendicular to the incident direction of the incident light beam. Like this, can realize the particulate matter quantity detection in the unit space volume better, avoid the particulate matter scattered light through other spatial position of light column to the interference that detects, greatly improved the detection precision.
Further, the diameter of the cross-sectional circle of the second color light pillar is 10 μm. This diameter can better guarantee the detection precision because the diameter of the cross-section circle of second color light post if undersize, then difficult to reflect the scattering condition of large granule solid particle. If too large, the detection is easily disturbed by small solid particles within the column of light of the second color.
Further, double-colored light generating mechanism includes the first incident channel that the perpendicular to incident light passageway set up, the crossing position of first incident channel and incident light passageway is provided with the beam splitter that is 45 degrees contained angles with the two, first incident channel outer end is provided with first laser instrument, first laser instrument sends the laser and forms first colour light column or second colour light column through the beam splitter transmission, the beam splitter deviates from incident light passageway one side and is provided with the second incident channel along the incident light passageway direction, second incident channel outer end is provided with the second laser instrument, the laser that the second laser instrument sent forms second colour light column or first colour light column through the refraction of beam splitter.
Thus, the two-color light column can be stably and reliably generated.
Further, the first incident channel is formed in a first incident member, one end of the first incident member is fixed on the housing, the other end of the first incident member is fixed with a first laser mounting seat and used for mounting the first laser, the second incident channel is formed in a second incident pipe, the second incident pipe is detachably fixed on the housing through a connecting sheet, and the outer end of the second incident pipe is fixed with a second laser mounting seat and used for mounting the second laser.
Thus, the cleaning device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in disassembly and assembly, convenience in cleaning and the like.
Furthermore, one end, fixed by the connecting sheet and the second incident pipe, is provided with a strip hole along the length direction of the second incident pipe and is fixed by a bolt. Therefore, the front and back directions of the second incident tube can be conveniently adjusted, and focusing alignment is further realized.
Further, a black shielding block is arranged at the circle center of the lens at the emitting end of the laser for generating the light beam of the second color, and the black shielding block is used for forming a shielding range of a cross section circle with the diameter of 2.5 microns at the detection position. Like this, avoid the first colour light column of detection position actually to cause the degree of difficulty of colour sensor discernment for the mixed light of two kinds of colours to increase, can improve better and detect the precision. Wherein the first color light pillar may adopt blue light and the second color light pillar may adopt red light, because the red and blue light is more easily collected and distinguished by the color sensor.
In practice, the laser may be a laser diode and focused by a collimating lens to obtain a desired light beam. Low cost and easy implementation. Specifically, a 650nm (5 mw) red laser diode and a 405nm (5 mw) violet laser diode are selected to increase the discrimination between different light scatterings. The laser diodes with the power of 5mw are selected, so that the problem that due to too high power, after emitted light is focused by the collimating lens, the light intensity of the focus is too high to cause vaporization of particles, and the test result is influenced is avoided.
Therefore, the invention can well shield the interference of large particles to realize the detection of PM2.5, and has the advantages of simple implementation, convenience, rapidness, accurate and reliable detection result and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the structure of a detection apparatus of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Fig. 1-3 are schematic views of the detecting device according to the embodiment of the present invention, but the ventilation device, the color sensor and the laser are not shown.
Example (b): referring to fig. 1-3, a dual wavelength PM2.5 detection device comprises a housing 1, a detection cavity 2 is formed in the housing, an incident light channel 3 is communicated with one side of the detection cavity 2, a bicolor light generating mechanism is arranged at one end of the incident light channel 3 far away from the detection cavity and used for generating a bicolor light column incident to a detection position in the detection cavity, the bicolor light column comprises a first color light column with a circular cross section and a second color light column with an annular cross section connected with the outside of the first color light column, the diameter of the cross section circle of the first color light column is 2.5 microns, a ventilation duct 4 communicated with the outside is further arranged on the detection cavity, a ventilation device is arranged in the ventilation duct and used for forming stable wind flow at the detection position in the detection cavity, a color sensor is further arranged on the inner wall of the detection cavity, and the sensing direction of the color sensor is arranged right opposite to the detection position, the color sensor is in communication connection with the computer.
The working principle of the device is that under the condition that the PM2.5 concentration of air is fixed and the wind speed is fixed, the amount of PM2.5 particles passing through the unit space volume with the cross section of 2.5 microns in unit time is also fixed, so that the corresponding PM2.5 concentration of air can be obtained by detecting the amount of PM2.5 particles and converting. When this equipment specifically uses, rely on ventilation unit to detect the position and form stable wind current in detecting the intracavity, rely on double-colored light generating mechanism to generate just to the double-colored light column that detects the position incidence, wherein first colour light column and second colour light column colour are different, and when solid particle passes through first colour light column in the air, the scattering takes place, and the different light of intensity can be scattered out to the particulate matter of equidimension not. The light signal is captured and collected through the color sensor, whether PM2.5 particles pass through the first color light column or not can be determined according to the collected color signal, and finally the concentration of PM2.5 under the current test environment can be obtained through calculating the value of the PM2.5 particles passing through a single period. Wherein the second color light column filters the particle with the diameter larger than 2.5 microns when judging, namely when the collected particle only scatters out the first color light, the particle can be judged to be PM2.5, if the particle scatters out the first color light and the second color light at the same time, whether the particle is larger than 2.5 microns can be judged according to the proportion of the two color lights, and the solid particle with the diameter larger than 2.5 microns is firstly deleted during calculation, so that the interference of the large solid substance on the detection can be perfectly shielded, and the detection accuracy is greatly improved. The specific calculation mode can be directly calculated by a conversion formula preset in a computer according to the principle; or under the condition of constant air flow, the values measured by the color sensors corresponding to the air with different PM2.5 concentrations are measured in advance in a one-to-one correspondence mode and preset in a computer, and during actual detection, the corresponding PM2.5 concentrations are matched according to the measured data of the color sensors, so that the detection result can be obtained.
In implementation, the color sensor is a mature prior art, the core component may adopt a TCS230 color identification chip, which realizes color identification to further determine the color of the scattered light, the TCS230 is a programmable color light and frequency converter, which integrates a configurable silicon photodiode and a current frequency converter on a CMOS circuit, and integrates three filters of red, green and blue (RGB) on a single chip, which is the first RGB color sensor in the industry with a digital compatible interface. The output signal of TCS230 is a digital quantity that can drive a standard TTL or CMOS logic input and therefore can also be directly connected to a microprocessor or other logic circuit; details are not described here.
Wherein, air duct 4 includes and detects the communicating inlet air channel and air-out passageway in chamber, ventilation unit is the aspiration pump and sets up in air-out passageway. Like this to the mode formation air current of convulsions, avoid adopting the mode of blast air to bring lubricating oil in the ventilation unit into and detect the chamber easily and influence and detect the precision.
The air inlet channel and the air outlet channel horizontally penetrate through the shell 1 along the direction of the vertical incident light channel, and meanwhile, a verification channel is arranged along the direction opposite to the direction of the incident light channel. Therefore, the wind flow can be better ensured to flow along the direction of the vertical incident light, and the detection is facilitated. Meanwhile, the verification channel can realize the inspection and calibration of incident light, and the detection is accurate and reliable. The inspection and calibration can be realized by adopting a microscope, and the inspection and calibration channel can be closed after the inspection and calibration are finished, so that the interference to the wind flow direction is reduced.
Wherein, the inner wall of the detection cavity 2 is provided with a black material layer. Therefore, the interference of the reflected light on the inner wall of the detector to the detection can be reduced, and the detection precision is improved.
The shell 1 is made of a metal material, and the black material layer is obtained by adopting a black anodic oxidation mode. Thus, the strength of the shell can be ensured, and the black material layer can be conveniently arranged. The shell material is preferably an aluminum alloy. Excellent processing performance, excellent weldability, extrudability and electroplatability, good corrosion resistance and toughness, easy polishing and film coloring, and excellent anodic oxidation effect.
Wherein, casing 1 one side is provided with colour sensor and inlays mouth 5 and be used for installing the colour sensor, makes things convenient for colour sensor's installation fixed like this.
The color sensor is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the incident direction of the incident light beam, and two baffles (not shown) perpendicular to the incident direction of the incident light beam are arranged on two sides of the color sensor detection head respectively. Like this, can realize the particulate matter quantity detection in the unit space volume better, avoid the particulate matter scattered light through other spatial position of light column to the interference that detects, greatly improved the detection precision.
Wherein the diameter of the cross-section circle of the second color light column is 10 micrometers. This diameter can better guarantee the detection precision because the diameter of the cross-section circle of second color light post if undersize, then difficult to reflect the scattering condition of large granule solid particle. If too large, the detection is easily disturbed by small solid particles within the column of light of the second color.
Wherein, double-colored light generation mechanism includes the first incident channel 6 that perpendicular to incident light passageway set up, the crossing position of first incident channel 6 and incident light passageway 3 is provided with and is 45 degrees minutes light splitting piece 7 of contained angle with the two, 6 outer ends of first incident channel are provided with first laser instrument, first laser instrument sends the laser and forms first colour light column or second colour light column through the light splitting piece transmission, 7 pieces of beam splitting deviate from incident light passageway one side and are provided with the second incident channel along incident light passageway direction, second incident channel outer end is provided with the second laser instrument, the laser that the second laser instrument sent forms second colour light column or first colour light column through the light splitting piece refraction.
Thus, the two-color light column can be stably and reliably generated.
The first incident channel is formed in a first incident member 8, one end of the first incident member 8 is fixed on the housing 1, the other end of the first incident member is fixed with a first laser mounting seat 9 and used for mounting a first laser, the second incident channel is formed in a second incident tube 10, the second incident tube 10 is detachably fixed on the housing through a connecting sheet 11, and the outer end of the second incident tube 10 is fixed with a second laser mounting seat and used for mounting a second laser. When the installation structure is implemented, the lower end of the second incident tube is fixed on the installation platform, and the installation platform is detachably fixed on the shell through the connecting sheet. Thus, the installation and fixation of the device are more convenient.
Thus, the cleaning device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in disassembly and assembly, convenience in cleaning and the like.
Wherein, the connecting piece 11 and the fixed end of the second incident tube are provided with a long hole along the length direction of the second incident tube 10 and fixed by a bolt. Therefore, the front and back directions of the second incident tube can be conveniently adjusted, and focusing alignment is further realized.
The center of the laser emitting end lens used for generating the second color light column is provided with a black shielding block, and the black shielding block is used for forming a shielding range of a cross section circle with the diameter of 2.5 micrometers at a detection position. Like this, avoid the first colour light column of detection position actually to cause the degree of difficulty of colour sensor discernment for the mixed light of two kinds of colours to increase, can improve better and detect the precision. Wherein the first color light pillar may adopt blue light and the second color light pillar may adopt red light, because the red and blue light is more easily collected and distinguished by the color sensor.
In practice, the laser may be a laser diode and focused by a collimating lens to obtain a desired light beam. Low cost and easy implementation. Specifically, a 650nm (5 mw) red laser diode and a 405nm (5 mw) violet laser diode are selected to increase the discrimination between different light scatterings. The laser diodes with the power of 5mw are selected, so that the problem that due to too high power, after emitted light is focused by the collimating lens, the light intensity of the focus is too high to cause vaporization of particles, and the test result is influenced is avoided.
In order to actually test the test accuracy of the detection device to determine whether the dual-wavelength method can be practically used for PM2.5 monitoring, the applicant has performed relevant tests, and the specific experimental procedures are as follows:
(1) experimental equipment: the detection equipment is a high-precision PM2.5 detector of a certain model.
(2) The experimental site is a certain school in Zhengzhou city
(3) The operation method comprises the following steps:
the results were averaged for 3 sets of data tested at 5 minute intervals at each time point. The results obtained are shown in Table 1
TABLE 1 test results of two different PM2.5 test methods
| Mean value of the present detection equipment | Contrast detector mean |
| 37 | 31.5 |
| 39 | 34.8 |
| 37 | 32.6 |
| 37 | 33.1 |
| 39 | 35.4 |
Since the average concentration value of PM2.5 in each district is the average value of each district and county in Zheng State city, there is a certain difference in actual PM2.5 values in each district. The allowable error range of the common PM2.5 concentration tester on the market is 25%. In order to measure the PM2.5 detector, a certain model is purchased conveniently, and the detection report shows that the precision error is within +/-10 percent, so that an experimenter can purchase the tester with the highest precision at present. The test of the two-wavelength method is compared with the test results of the type of detector. The error rates are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 comparison of the results of the detection equipment of the dual-wavelength light scattering method of the present application with certain type of high-precision PM2.5 detector
| PM2.5 mean concentration value | Deviation ratio of the detection device |
| 31.5 | 17.46% |
| 34.8 | 12.07% |
| 32.6 | 13.50% |
| 33.1 | 11.78% |
| 35.4 | 10.17% |
As can be seen from Table 2, when the air quality is good, the error of the dual-wavelength light scattering method for measuring the concentration of PM2.5 is below 25%, which meets the allowable error range of the common PM2.5 concentration tester on the market.
Therefore, in the environment with better air quality, the detection equipment based on the dual-wavelength light scattering method can be used for PM2.5 detection, and can meet the national requirements on detection precision, so that the dual-wavelength light scattering method can also be applied to PM2.5 concentration detection, and the experiment is successful.
Claims (10)
1. A dual-wavelength PM2.5 detection device comprises a shell and is characterized in that a detection cavity is formed in the shell, an incident light channel is communicated with one side of the detection cavity, a bicolor light generating mechanism is arranged at one end, far away from the detection cavity, of the incident light channel and used for generating a bicolor light column incident to a detection position in the detection cavity, the bicolor light column comprises a first color light column with a circular section and a second color light column with an annular section, the second color light column is connected with the outer side of the section of the first color light column in a connected mode, the diameter of the section circle of the first color light column is 2.5 micrometers, a ventilation channel communicated with the outside is further arranged on the detection cavity, a ventilation device is arranged in the ventilation channel and used for forming stable air flow at the detection position in the detection cavity, a color sensor is further arranged on the inner wall of the detection cavity, the sensing direction of the color sensor is just opposite to the detection, the color sensor is in communication connection with the computer.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the ventilation channel comprises an air inlet channel and an air outlet channel, the air inlet channel and the air outlet channel are communicated with the detection chamber, and the ventilation device is a suction pump and is disposed in the air outlet channel.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the air inlet channel and the air outlet channel are horizontally disposed through the housing along a direction perpendicular to the incident light channel, and a calibration channel is disposed along a direction opposite to the incident light channel.
4. The dual wavelength PM2.5 detection apparatus of claim 1 wherein the detection chamber interior walls are provided with a layer of black material.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the housing is made of a metal material, and the black material layer is formed by black anodizing.
6. The dual wavelength PM2.5 sensing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a color sensor insertion opening is provided at one side of the housing for mounting said color sensor.
7. The dual wavelength PM2.5 detection apparatus of claim 1 wherein the second color light cylinder has a cross-sectional circle diameter of 10 microns.
8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the dual-wavelength PM2.5 detection device includes a first incident channel disposed perpendicular to the incident light channel, a splitter disposed at an intersection of the first incident channel and the incident light channel and forming an included angle of 45 degrees with the first incident channel and the incident light channel, a first laser disposed at an outer end of the first incident channel, the first laser emitting laser light to form the first color light column or the second color light column through emission of the splitter, a second incident channel disposed at a side of the splitter away from the incident light channel along the direction of the incident light channel, a second laser disposed at an outer end of the second incident channel, and the laser emitting laser light from the second laser being refracted by the splitter to form the second color light column or the first color light column.
9. The dual wavelength PM2.5 detection apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein said first incident channel is formed in a first incident member having one end fixed to the housing and the other end fixed with the first laser mount for mounting the first laser, said second incident channel is formed in a second incident pipe detachably fixed to the housing by a connecting piece, the second incident pipe having the second laser mount fixed to the outer end thereof for mounting the second laser.
10. The dual wavelength PM2.5 detecting apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the connecting piece and the fixed end of the second incident pipe are provided with a long hole along the length direction of the second incident pipe and fixed by a bolt.
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