CN108588497A - A kind of preparation method of the special karmalloy of resistance wire - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of the special karmalloy of resistance wire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108588497A CN108588497A CN201810528506.8A CN201810528506A CN108588497A CN 108588497 A CN108588497 A CN 108588497A CN 201810528506 A CN201810528506 A CN 201810528506A CN 108588497 A CN108588497 A CN 108588497A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- karmalloy
- temperature
- preparation
- hours
- raw material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/023—Alloys based on nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Furnace Details (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of preparation method of the special karmalloy of resistance wire of the present invention, steps are as follows：1）It is calculated by the weight percent of karmalloy material ingredient and carries out raw material preparation：2）Part material is carried out high-temperature baking processing by pretreatment of raw material；3）It will be by step 1）The raw material other than Cr and Ni prepared, which is fitted into intermediate frequency furnace, to be smelted, and the Ni added and Cr smelts, and is eventually adding the lime for accounting for molten metal 5.8wt%；4）Slag making；5）Deoxidation；6）Gren rod；7）Annealing；8）Rinsing；9）Multi pass drawing is carried out after rinsing obtains karmalloy.For the present invention by carrying out previously baked processing to raw material, cooperation slag making, deoxidation can efficiently reduce the non-metallic inclusion in aluminium alloy.The lectrothermal alloy wire prepared using the method for the present invention, field trash total amount reduce 30%, and field trash pattern tends to be regular, and size also greatly reduces.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is more particularly directed to a kind of preparation methods of the special karmalloy of resistance wire.
Background technology
Electrothermal alloy refers to the electric resistance alloy that heater is made using the resistance characteristic of metal.It is widely used in various industrial electros
The electrical heating elements of stove, furnace for testing room and household electrical appliance.
When electric current I when resistance R by generating Joule heat.Electrothermal alloy is exactly to be converted to thermal characteristics using this electric energy
Electric resistance alloy.The application of either industrial production or daily life, electric heater is all very extensive, and exothermic material is electricity
Thermalloy.The electrothermal alloy generally smaller temperature-coefficient of electrical resistance with higher resistivity and stabilization, can be generated by electric current
Higher heat and the power stablized.
It is also higher and higher for the alloy material requirement of resistance wire with the development of electric heater industry, more and more
Research staff focuses on developing a kind of high temperature oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance, elevated temperature strength, service life, the equal energy of processing performance
Enough the alloy material with excellent effect is researched and developed.
Invention content
The present invention proposes a kind of preparation method of the special karmalloy of resistance wire regarding to the issue above.
Specific technical solution is as follows：
A kind of preparation method of the special karmalloy of resistance wire, which is characterized in that steps are as follows：
1）It is calculated by the weight percent of karmalloy material ingredient and carries out raw material preparation：
C：≤0.08%； Si：0.75~1.6%； Mn： ≤0.6%；
P： 0.02%； S： ≤0.015%； Cr：28~31%；
Al：≤0.5%； Fe：≤1.0%；
Surplus is Ni and inevitable impurity；
2）Part material is carried out high-temperature baking processing, Si by pretreatment of raw material：350 DEG C~450 DEG C are toasted 5 hours； Mn：350
DEG C~450 DEG C toast 5 hours；Cr：650 DEG C~730 DEG C are toasted 8 hours；Al：700 DEG C~800 DEG C are toasted 8 hours；Fe：350℃
~450 DEG C are toasted 5 hours；Ni：700 DEG C~800 DEG C are toasted 8 hours；
3）It will be by step 1）The raw material other than Cr and Ni prepared, which is fitted into intermediate frequency furnace, to be smelted, and smelting temperature control exists
1300 DEG C~1640 DEG C, duration of heat 30min adds step 1）Ni and the Cr smelting temperature of preparation keep 1300 DEG C~1640
DEG C, continue 30~40min of smelting, obtain molten metal at this time, the lime for accounting for molten metal 5.8wt% is added, be warming up to 1600 DEG C~
1650 DEG C, keep 2~3min；
4）The fluorite material slag making for accounting for molten metal 3.2wt%, 1~2min of recovery time is added in slag making in intermediate frequency furnace；
5）Aluminium lime is added in intermediate frequency furnace and carries out deoxidation for deoxidation, and the addition of aluminium lime is 2.7~3.5Kg/t, deaeration time
For 30~60min；
6）Gren rod：1300 DEG C~1440 DEG C of hot-rolled temperature, 1480 DEG C of start rolling temperature, finishing temperature are 1350 DEG C；
7）Annealing, in vacuum heat treatment furnace, vacuum degree 1 × 10-3~3 × 10-3Pa, 1200 DEG C~1300 DEG C of annealing temperature,
2~8H of annealing heat preservation；
8）Rinsing：Blank after gren rod, annealing is subjected to washing 1~2 time；
9）Multi pass drawing is carried out after rinsing obtains karmalloy.
Further, the fluorite is 700 DEG C~800 DEG C using preceding needing to carry out baking processing, baking temperature, and the time is
6~8H.
Further, the aluminium lime is 750 DEG C~780 DEG C using preceding needing to carry out baking processing, baking temperature, the time
For 7~8.5H.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
Karmalloy finished product prepared by the present invention has higher mechanical property, temperature in use and service life.Increase Cr
Content, Cr can form Cr2O3 oxidation films, the high-temperature oxidation resistance of product can be effectively improved, to carry at high temperature
The service life of high product；By carrying out previously baked processing to raw material, cooperation slag making, deoxidation can effectively subtract the present invention
Non-metallic inclusion in few aluminium alloy.The lectrothermal alloy wire prepared using the method for the present invention, field trash total amount are reduced
30%, field trash pattern tends to be regular, and size also greatly reduces.
Specific implementation mode
It is clear to make technical scheme of the present invention be more clear, below the present invention is described further, it is any to this
The technical characteristic of inventive technique scheme carries out the scheme that equivalencing is obtained with conventional reasoning and each falls within the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
A kind of preparation method of the special karmalloy of resistance wire, which is characterized in that steps are as follows：
1）It is calculated by the weight percent of karmalloy material ingredient and carries out raw material preparation：
C： 0.04%； Si：1% ； Mn： 0.5%；
P： 0.02%； S：0.01%； Cr：30%；
Al：0.3%； Fe：0.5%； Ni：67%
Surplus is inevitable impurity；
2）Part material is carried out high-temperature baking processing, Si by pretreatment of raw material：400 DEG C are toasted 5 hours； Mn：400 DEG C of bakings 5
Hour；Cr：700 DEG C are toasted 8 hours；Al：750 DEG C are toasted 8 hours；Fe：400 DEG C are toasted 5 hours；Ni：800 DEG C are toasted 8 hours；
3）It will be by step 1）The raw material other than Cr and Ni prepared, which is fitted into intermediate frequency furnace, to be smelted, and smelting temperature control exists
1500 DEG C, duration of heat 30min adds step 1）Ni and the Cr smelting temperature of preparation are kept for 1500 DEG C, continue to smelt
30min obtains molten metal at this time, and the lime for accounting for molten metal 5.8wt% is added, and is warming up to 1600 DEG C, keeps 3min；
4）The fluorite material slag making for accounting for molten metal 3.2wt%, recovery time 1min is added in slag making in intermediate frequency furnace；The fluorite uses
Preceding needs carry out baking processing, and baking temperature is 750 DEG C, time 8H；
5）Aluminium lime is added in intermediate frequency furnace and carries out deoxidation for deoxidation, and the addition of aluminium lime is 2.9Kg/t, and deaeration time is
50min；The aluminium lime is 750 DEG C DEG C using preceding needing to carry out baking processing, baking temperature, time 8H
6）Gren rod：1300 DEG C~1440 DEG C of hot-rolled temperature, 1480 DEG C of start rolling temperature, finishing temperature are 1350 DEG C；
7）Annealing, in vacuum heat treatment furnace, 1 × 10-3Pa of vacuum degree, 1250 DEG C of annealing temperature, annealing heat preservation 7H；
8）Rinsing：Blank after gren rod, annealing is subjected to washing 1 time；
9）Multi pass drawing is carried out after rinsing obtains karmalloy.
Embodiment 2
A kind of preparation method of the special karmalloy of resistance wire, which is characterized in that steps are as follows：
1）It is calculated by the weight percent of karmalloy material ingredient and carries out raw material preparation：
C： 0.08%； Si： 1.6% ； Mn： 0.6%；
P： 0.02%； S： 0.015%； Cr： 31%；
Al：0.5%； Fe： 1.0%； Ni： 63%
Surplus is inevitable impurity；
2）Part material is carried out high-temperature baking processing, Si by pretreatment of raw material：450 DEG C are toasted 5 hours； Mn：450 DEG C of bakings
5 hours；Cr：730 DEG C are toasted 8 hours；Al：800 DEG C are toasted 8 hours；Fe：450 DEG C are toasted 5 hours；Ni：800 DEG C of bakings 8
Hour；
3）It will be by step 1）The raw material other than Cr and Ni prepared, which is fitted into intermediate frequency furnace, to be smelted, and smelting temperature is controlled 1640
DEG C, duration of heat 30min adds step 1）Ni and the Cr smelting temperature of preparation are kept for 1640 DEG C, continue to smelt 40min, this
When obtain molten metal, the lime for accounting for molten metal 5.8wt% is added, is warming up to 1650 DEG C, keeps 3min；
4）The fluorite material slag making for accounting for molten metal 3.2wt%, recovery time 2min is added in slag making in intermediate frequency furnace；The fluorite uses
Preceding needs carry out baking processing, and baking temperature is 800 DEG C, time 8H；
5）Aluminium lime is added in intermediate frequency furnace and carries out deoxidation for deoxidation, and the addition of aluminium lime is 3.5Kg/t, and deaeration time is
60min；The aluminium lime is 780 DEG C using preceding needing to carry out baking processing, baking temperature, time 8.5H
6）Gren rod：1440 DEG C of hot-rolled temperature, 1480 DEG C of start rolling temperature, finishing temperature are 1350 DEG C；
7）Annealing, in vacuum heat treatment furnace, 3 × 10-3Pa of vacuum degree, 1300 DEG C of annealing temperature, annealing heat preservation 8H；
8）Rinsing：Blank after gren rod, annealing is subjected to washing 2 times；
9）Multi pass drawing is carried out after rinsing obtains karmalloy.
Embodiment 3
A kind of preparation method of the special karmalloy of resistance wire, which is characterized in that steps are as follows：
1）It is calculated by the weight percent of karmalloy material ingredient and carries out raw material preparation：
C：0.01%； Si：0.75% ； Mn：0.1 %；
P：0.02%； S：0.005%； Cr：28%；
Al：0.1%； Fe：0.1%； Ni：65%
Surplus is inevitable impurity；
2）Part material is carried out high-temperature baking processing, Si by pretreatment of raw material：350 DEG C are toasted 5 hours； Mn：350 DEG C of bakings 5
Hour；Cr：650 DEG C are toasted 8 hours；Al：700 DEG C are toasted 8 hours；Fe：350 DEG C are toasted 5 hours；Ni：700 DEG C are toasted 8 hours；
3）It will be by step 1）The raw material other than Cr and Ni prepared, which is fitted into intermediate frequency furnace, to be smelted, and smelting temperature control exists
1300 DEG C, duration of heat 30min adds step 1）Ni and the Cr smelting temperature of preparation are kept for 1300 DEG C, continue to smelt
30min obtains molten metal at this time, and the lime for accounting for molten metal 5.8wt% is added, and is warming up to 1600 DEG C, keeps 2min；
4）The fluorite material slag making for accounting for molten metal 3.2wt%, recovery time 1min is added in slag making in intermediate frequency furnace；The fluorite makes
Baking processing is carried out with preceding needs, baking temperature is 700 DEG C, time 6H
5）Aluminium lime is added in intermediate frequency furnace and carries out deoxidation for deoxidation, and the addition of aluminium lime is 2.7Kg/t, and deaeration time is
30min；The aluminium lime is 750 DEG C using preceding needing to carry out baking processing, baking temperature, time 7H
6）Gren rod：1300 DEG C of hot-rolled temperature, 1480 DEG C of start rolling temperature, finishing temperature are 1350 DEG C；
7）Annealing, in vacuum heat treatment furnace, 1 × 10-3Pa of vacuum degree, 1200 DEG C of annealing temperature, annealing heat preservation 2H；
8）Rinsing：Blank after gren rod, annealing is subjected to washing 1 time；
9）Multi pass drawing is carried out after rinsing obtains karmalloy.
The performance indicator of the nichrome of embodiment 1-3
| Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | |
| Highest uses Warm degree DEG C | 1400 | 1200 | 1150 |
| Density g/cm3 | 8.4 | 8.2 | 8.1 |
| 20 DEG C of mm2/m of resistivity | 1.42±0.05 | 1.22±0.05 | 1.21±0.05 |
| Fusing point DEG C | 1550 | 1400 | 1300 |
| Tensile strength Mpa | 637~784 | 637~784 | 588~735 |
| Elongation percentage % | ＞ 25 | ＞ 20 | ＞ 12 |
| Section Shou Shrink rates % | 65~75 | 65~75 | 65~75 |
| Number of bends | ＞ 10 | ＞ 9 | ＞ 9 |
| Quick life experiment DEG C/h | 1250/100 | 1150/100 | 1150/100 |
Claims (3)
1. a kind of preparation method of the special karmalloy of resistance wire, which is characterized in that steps are as follows：
1）It is calculated by the weight percent of karmalloy material ingredient and carries out raw material preparation：
C：≤0.08%； Si：0.75~1.6%； Mn： ≤0.6%；
P： 0.02%； S： ≤0.015%； Cr：28~31%；
Al：≤0.5%； Fe：≤1.0%；
Surplus is Ni and inevitable impurity；
2）Part material is carried out high-temperature baking processing, Si by pretreatment of raw material：350 DEG C~450 DEG C are toasted 5 hours； Mn：350
DEG C~450 DEG C toast 5 hours；Cr：650 DEG C~730 DEG C are toasted 8 hours；Al：700 DEG C~800 DEG C are toasted 8 hours；Fe：350℃
~450 DEG C are toasted 5 hours；Ni：700 DEG C~800 DEG C are toasted 8 hours；
3）It will be by step 1）The raw material other than Cr and Ni prepared, which is fitted into intermediate frequency furnace, to be smelted, and smelting temperature control exists
1300 DEG C~1640 DEG C, duration of heat 30min adds step 1）Ni and the Cr smelting temperature of preparation keep 1300 DEG C~1640
DEG C, continue 30~40min of smelting, obtain molten metal at this time, the lime for accounting for molten metal 5.8wt% is added, be warming up to 1600 DEG C~
1650 DEG C, keep 2~3min；
4）The fluorite material slag making for accounting for molten metal 3.2wt%, 1~2min of recovery time is added in slag making in intermediate frequency furnace；
5）Aluminium lime is added in intermediate frequency furnace and carries out deoxidation for deoxidation, and the addition of aluminium lime is 2.7~3.5Kg/t, deaeration time
For 30~60min；
6）Gren rod：1300 DEG C~1440 DEG C of hot-rolled temperature, 1480 DEG C of start rolling temperature, finishing temperature are 1350 DEG C；
7）Annealing, in vacuum heat treatment furnace, vacuum degree 1 × 10-3~3 × 10-3Pa, 1200 DEG C~1300 DEG C of annealing temperature,
2~8H of annealing heat preservation；
8）Rinsing：Blank after gren rod, annealing is subjected to washing 1~2 time；
9）Multi pass drawing is carried out after rinsing obtains karmalloy.
2. a kind of preparation method of the special karmalloy of resistance wire as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the firefly
Stone is 700 DEG C~800 DEG C using preceding needing to carry out baking processing, baking temperature, and the time is 6~8H.
3. a kind of preparation method of the special karmalloy of resistance wire as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the aluminium
Lime is 750 DEG C~780 DEG C using preceding needing to carry out baking processing, baking temperature, and the time is 7~8.5H.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810528506.8A CN108588497A (en) | 2018-05-29 | 2018-05-29 | A kind of preparation method of the special karmalloy of resistance wire |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810528506.8A CN108588497A (en) | 2018-05-29 | 2018-05-29 | A kind of preparation method of the special karmalloy of resistance wire |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108588497A true CN108588497A (en) | 2018-09-28 |
Family
ID=63629961
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810528506.8A Pending CN108588497A (en) | 2018-05-29 | 2018-05-29 | A kind of preparation method of the special karmalloy of resistance wire |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN108588497A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109023008A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2018-12-18 | 盐城市星凯环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of formula and its preparation process of electrothermal alloy resistant to high temperature |
| CN110349722A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-10-18 | 南京萨特科技发展有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment method of alloy fled rheostat |
| WO2021243980A1 (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2021-12-09 | 常熟市梅李合金材料有限公司 | Process for producing high resistance nickel-chromium electrothermal alloy |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102191409A (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2011-09-21 | 江苏新华合金电器有限公司 | New high-resistance electrical heating alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102206773A (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2011-10-05 | 江苏新华合金电器有限公司 | High-resistance electrothermal alloy material and preparation method thereof |
-
2018
- 2018-05-29 CN CN201810528506.8A patent/CN108588497A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102191409A (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2011-09-21 | 江苏新华合金电器有限公司 | New high-resistance electrical heating alloy material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102206773A (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2011-10-05 | 江苏新华合金电器有限公司 | High-resistance electrothermal alloy material and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| (美)杜邦等: "《镍基合金焊接冶金和焊接性》", 31 May 2014, 上海科学技术文献出版社 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109023008A (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2018-12-18 | 盐城市星凯环保科技股份有限公司 | A kind of formula and its preparation process of electrothermal alloy resistant to high temperature |
| CN110349722A (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2019-10-18 | 南京萨特科技发展有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment method of alloy fled rheostat |
| CN110349722B (en) * | 2019-07-12 | 2021-04-30 | 南京萨特科技发展有限公司 | Heat treatment method of alloy resistor |
| WO2021243980A1 (en) * | 2020-06-02 | 2021-12-09 | 常熟市梅李合金材料有限公司 | Process for producing high resistance nickel-chromium electrothermal alloy |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105624550B (en) | Nuclear island equipment big thickness SA738GrB steel plates and production method | |
| CN108441710A (en) | A kind of preparation process of high-performance nichrome | |
| CN103949805B (en) | A kind of method preparing nickel-base alloy bare welding filler metal | |
| CN102330035B (en) | Heat resistant steel, and heat resistant steel pipe and manufacturing method thereof | |
| JP7342149B2 (en) | Precipitation strengthened nickel-based high chromium superalloy and its manufacturing method | |
| CN108588497A (en) | A kind of preparation method of the special karmalloy of resistance wire | |
| CN103949798B (en) | A kind of preparation method of nickel-base alloy bare welding filler metal | |
| CN103962747B (en) | A kind of diameter is less than the nickel-base alloy bare welding filler metal of 3mm | |
| RU2015128042A (en) | Iron based fuel cell composition | |
| CN104745867A (en) | High-temperature-resistant titanium alloy plate | |
| CN111118348A (en) | Preparation method of electrothermal alloy nickel-chromium wire | |
| CN108251748A (en) | A kind of low-carbon-equivalent Nuclear containment steel plate and its production method | |
| CN103938058B (en) | A kind of preparation method of nickel chromium iron system multi-element high-resistance electrothermal alloy band | |
| CN109055824A (en) | Improved high-resistance electrothermic alloy Cr20Ni80Zr and preparation method | |
| CN103938109B (en) | A kind of preparation method of Ni-Cr-Fe electrothermal alloys | |
| CN106435400A (en) | Improved stainless steel material and manufacturing method thereof | |
| CN106567004B (en) | A kind of toughened glass furnace thermo electric material and its preparation method | |
| CN103173681A (en) | Cold rolled steel working roll using SKD-11 steel and production process thereof | |
| CN110428924A (en) | A kind of aerial condutor aluminium nickel coat molybdenum alloy steel wire and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108707913A (en) | A kind of production technology of environmentally protective anti-explosion heater nichrome resistance wire | |
| CN108754310A (en) | A kind of preparation method of the special high-resistance electrothermic alloy of anti-explosion heater | |
| CN108866434A (en) | Novel acidproof heat-proof electrothermal alloy 0Cr21Al4ZrTi and preparation method | |
| CN105940135A (en) | Turbine rotor material for geothermal power generation and method for manufacturing same | |
| CN103981456B (en) | A kind of austenitic heat-resistance steel of crystal boundary precipitation strength and preparation method thereof | |
| CN108754238A (en) | A kind of production technology of the safety-type nichrome resistance wire of anti-explosion heater |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20180928 |