CN102206773A - High-resistance electrothermal alloy material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-resistance electrothermal alloy material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN102206773A
CN102206773A CN 201110101553 CN201110101553A CN102206773A CN 102206773 A CN102206773 A CN 102206773A CN 201110101553 CN201110101553 CN 201110101553 CN 201110101553 A CN201110101553 A CN 201110101553A CN 102206773 A CN102206773 A CN 102206773A
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temperature
annealing
mishmetal
resistance electrothermic
electrothermic alloy
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CN102206773B (en
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华大凤
王树平
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Jiangsu Xinhua Alloy Co., Ltd
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JIANGSU XINHUA ALLOY ELECTRIC APPARATUS CO Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-resistance electrothermal alloy material, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.02 to 0.08 percent of C, 0.75 to 1.6 percent of Si, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of S, 20 to 23 percent of Cr, 0.1 to 0.5 percent of Al, 0.2 to 0.8 percent of Y, 0.2 to 1.0 percent of Fe, and the balance of Ni and inevitable impurities. The preparation method for the high-resistance electrothermal alloy material comprises the following steps of: smelting; forging; coiling; annealing; rinsing; mold drawing, and the like. Compared with Cr20Ni80, the high-resistance electrothermal alloy material has higher antioxidation performance, and is an electrothermal alloy material with small thermal expansion coefficient, high high-temperature strength and processability, long service life and high resistivity.

Description

High-resistance electrothermic alloy material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high resistivity electrical heating alloys material of metallic substance technical field, particularly a kind of
High-resistance electrothermic alloy material and preparation method thereof.Be specifically related to a kind of Cr20Ni80Y material, mainly be used as the electrical heating alloys material of household electrical appliance, industrial furnace and heating unit.
Background technology
Electrical heating alloys is the functional material that electric energy is converted into heat energy, and its maximum operation (service) temperature can reach 1400 ℃, is used to make various electrical heating elements in fields such as metallurgy, machinery, petrochemical industry, electric, building, military project, household electrical appliances.Oneself becomes a kind of important engineering alloy material present electrical heating alloys material, occupies an important position in national economy.Along with the household electrical appliance industrial expansion, being extensive use of of various industrial furnaces sharply increases the demand of high resistant electrical heating alloys.Present industrial used electrical heating element requires its material should have fusing point height, thermal expansivity is little, antioxidant property is good and hot strength is good premium properties, requires it to have higher resistivity again.Though the nichrome Cr20Ni80 that is widely used at present has fusing point height, thermal expansivity is little, antioxidant property is good advantage, but still have the shortcoming that hot strength is poor, work-ing life is short, this nichrome is higher than 1000 when temperature 0During C, its antioxidant property significantly descends, and can only reach 2000 hours work-ing life.In addition in the process of producing Cr20Ni80, irrationality because of its preparation technology's method design occurs ingot casting sometimes and rupture cracking phenomena in forging process, have a strong impact on finished product work-ing life thus, far can not satisfy commercial power thermoelectric converter mechanical property requirements.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency in existing electrical heating alloys material component design and the fabricating technology, a kind of " high-resistance electrothermic alloy material and preparation method thereof " is provided.This electrical heating alloys material is used for fabricator electrical appliance, industrial furnace and heating unit.This material price is low, design of components is reasonable, manufacturing process is simple, cost is low, compares with Cr20Ni80 to have better antioxidant property, is that a kind of thermal expansion is
Number is little, hot strength good, the electrical heating alloys material of long service life, high resistivity.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of high-resistance electrothermic alloy material, to count by weight percentage, and ingredient is as follows:
C:0.02-0.08%; Si:0.75-1.6%?; Mn: 0.1-0.5%;
P:≤0.02%; S:?≤0.015%; Cr: 20-23%;
Al:0.1-0.5%; Y: 0.2-0.8%; Fe: 0.2-1.0%;
Surplus is Ni and unavoidable impurities.
The purity of its raw material Si, Mn, Cr, Ni, Y, Al, Fe is greater than 98.5% in this alloy material.
A kind of high-resistance electrothermic alloy preparation methods comprises steps such as melting, forging, wire rod, annealing, rinsing, mould drawing, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) carry out preparation of raw material by the weight percent meter calculation of high-resistance electrothermic alloy material ingredient:
C:0.02-0.08%; Si:0.75-1.6%?; Mn: 0.1-0.5%;
P:≤0.02%; S:?≤0.015%; Cr: 20-23%;
Al:0.1-0.5%; Y: 0.2-0.8%; Fe: 0.2-1.0%;
Surplus is Ni and unavoidable impurities;
2) will pack into by the raw material of aforementioned preparation and smelt in the vacuum refining furnace, refining period, temperature was controlled at 1500 0C~1540 0C, refining time 40 minutes, tapping temperature 1520 0C~1560 0C;
3) electroslag refining, refining period, temperature was controlled at 1520 0C~1580 0C, melting voltage 45-50V,
Melting electric current 2500-3000A;
4) forge forging temperature 1180 0C-900 0C opens and forges temperature 1150 0C adopts the Sweet natural gas heating;
5) gren rod: the square rod after will forging carries out gren rod, hot-rolled temperature 1180 0C-900 0C, start rolling temperature 1170 0C, finishing temperature is 900 0C;
6) annealing, annealing temperature 950 0C – 1050 0C, annealing insulation 2 hours;
7) rinsing: the blank after gren rod, the annealing is carried out pickling-washing;
8) oven dry of the wire rod dust after rinsing multi-pass is carried out drawing → annealing → drawing, obtain the high-resistance electrothermic alloy finished material.
Drawing described in the step 8) adopts bicycle to carry out at a slow speed, and its linear velocity is 8-10m/mint.
Bright heat treatment annealing is adopted in annealing described in the step 8), and annealing temperature is 950 0C-1050 0C.
Rinsing described in the step 7), its acid solution is by weight ratio in the acid pickling step: HNO 3: HF: H 2O=1.5: 0.8: 100, acid liquor temperature was 40-60 0C, leaching time are 10-15 minute.
The raw material of the preparation step 2) is packed into and smelted in the vacuum refining furnace, and its loading sequence is: carbon C-iron Fe-chromium Cr-nickel-silicon Si-manganese Mn-aluminium Al-yttrium Y stirs coming out of the stove in preceding 5 minutes mishmetal once added in the molten steel.
Describedly mishmetal is once added in the molten steel in preceding 5 minutes coming out of the stove, its mishmetal is La, Ce mishmetal, counts by weight percentage, the mishmetal ingredient that is added is 0.1-0.4%, in this mishmetal, described La ingredient is 35%, and the Ce ingredient is 65%.
These invention preparation method major technique characteristics are: adopt vacuum refining furnace to add electroslag furnace refining duplexing, make the alloy degassing fully, and the molten steel cleaning, composition is even, guarantees good ingot quality; Forge and adopt the Sweet natural gas heating, reduce the oxidation of alloy material of the present invention and the invasion of objectionable impurities, improve alloy lumber recovery of the present invention; Add mishmetal in the vacuum melting later stage, further effectively improve the quality and the comprehensive mechanical property of this electrical heating alloys material; In the drawing process, adopt the process annealing of bright heat treatment, drawing adopts bicycle to carry out at a slow speed, the heat accumulation that is produced when reducing friction, finally obtain its tensile strength and can reach 800MPa, yield strength can reach 360 MPa, and elongation A is 40%, and resistivity is the high-resistance electrothermic alloy material of 1.09/ μ Ω m.
The principle of the designed composition of high-resistance electrothermic alloy material of the present invention is as follows:
. C: very effective sclerosis and solution strengthening constituent element, the stable alloy structure, proof strength of closing.But usually occur as formation of crack, form crisp sclerous tissues easily and cause delayed cracking as too high levels, its composition weight % is limited in 0.02-0.08%;
Mn: deoxidation and desulfidation, guarantee the important element of oxidation-resistance, less than 0.01% can not obtain abundant deoxidation, surpasses 1.5% intensity and reduces, and its composition weight % is limited in 0.10 ~ 0.50%;
Si: silicon forms SiO2 behind high temperature oxidation, be distributed in oxide film and matrix metal at the interface, can stop oxygen to infiltrate, reduce the oxidation rate of alloy, when silicon and rare earth element exist simultaneously, improve the compactness of oxidation-resistant film, make the effect of silicon raising antioxidant property more remarkable, its composition weight % limits 1.0-1.5%;
Ni: nickel is face-centered cubic lattice, i.e. austenite lattice, and its fusing point is higher, and plasticity is good, good toughness, room temperature is harder, and high temperature has certain intensity, and it is difficult for oxidation in air, and chemical property is stable, only is soluble in nitric acid.Be parent in Ni-based electrical heating alloys, the characteristic of itself plays a leading role, and the resistivity of nickel is bigger 3 one 4 times than aluminium, copper, the linear expansivity of nickel is less, high-temperature oxidation resistant corrodibility is good, is good electrical heating alloys body material, and its composition weight % is limited in 74-78%;
Cr: be the key element that improves the alloy high-temp antioxidant property, the protection oxide film that alloy forms at high temperature is mainly by Cr 2O 3Form, with Cr 2O 3Be main densification of oxide film, tack is also stronger, can guarantee alloy life-time service at high temperature, and content is low excessively, can not manifest effect, too high levels, and intensity and toughness significantly reduce, and its composition weight % is limited in 20-23%;
Al: be added as reductor, its composition weight % is limited in 0.1-0.5%;
S, P: be inevitable detrimental impurity element in the material, its content is low more good more, its composition weight %, P≤0.02%, S≤0.015%;
Y: yttrium can improve high-temperature behavior and the antioxidant property of alloy in atmosphere, strengthens the aluminium film strength,
Help to combine closely with the metallic surface, yttrium adds in the alloy, helps improving high temperature durability, high-tensile, stability, creep strength and the plasticity of alloy, and its composition weight % limits 0.2-0.8%;
Mishmetal: add rare earth in the vacuum melting later stage, with Cr, has good oxidation-resistance under the compound action of Si, rare earth is the strong reducing property element, rare earth and sulphur have very big avidity, in bath, not only has deoxidation, reduce the effect of hydrogen richness in the alloy, also has the size that obvious desulfurization improves sulfide inclusion, form and distribution effect, reduce the inclusion content in the material, can change the composition of inclusion, form, distribute and character, in alloy, add rare earth element, can significantly improve and improve alloy at the antioxidant property below 1100 ℃, composition weight % is limited in 0.1-0.4% among the present invention.
The high-resistance electrothermic alloy material that adopts design of components of the present invention and preparation method to produce is compared with existing high-resistance electrothermic alloy material, has following advantage:
1. design of components is reasonable, manufacturing process is simple, cost is low, compare with Cr20Ni80 have better
Antioxidant property, be that a kind of thermal expansivity is little, hot strength good, the electrical heating alloys material of good processability, long service life, high resistivity.
2. its tensile strength of this electrical heating alloys material can reach 800MPa, and yield strength can reach 360 MPa, and elongation A is 40%, and resistivity is 1.09/ μ Ω m, 1100 0Long term operation has high strength under the C high temperature
With corrosion resistance, its high temperature stress intensity stabilization, be more than 2 times of Cr20Ni80 alloy its work-ing life.
3. again because of having added micro-mishmetal and having adopted special preparation technology, guarantee that material has good antioxidant property, high temperature durability, high-tensile, stability, creep strength, plasticity and processability.
4. the safe reliability that electrical heating element uses is guaranteed in the alternative import of this electrical heating alloys material, effectively prolongs the work-ing life of household electrical appliance, industrial furnace and heating unit, reduces cost, and significantly improves economic benefit.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the mechanical property and the Cr20Ni80 comparison sheet 1 of different heat (batch) numbers of 5 groups of Cr20Ni80Y alloys of 1-of the present invention and content correspondence.
Fig. 2 is accelerated life test assay and and Cr20Ni80 comparison sheet 2.
Embodiment
Below by non-limiting example, further set forth the present invention, understand the present invention.
High-resistance electrothermic alloy material preparation of the present invention 5 groups of embodiment, heat (batch) number is: 105-2768,2769,2770,2771,2772.Embodiment 1-5 group high-resistance electrothermic alloy material is counted by weight percentage, and ingredient is as follows:
First group: heat (batch) number: 105-2768, C:0.025%; Si:1.35%; Mn:0.30%; P:0.005%; S:0.003%; Cr:22.5%; Al:0.22%; Fe:0.25%; Y:0.6%; Ni:73.5%; Mishmetal: 0.25%.
Second group: heat (batch) number: 105-2769, C:0.05%; Si:1.4%; Mn:0.20%; P:0.008%; S:0.006%; Cr:21.0%; Al:0.3%; Fe:0.36%; Y:0.5%; Ni:75.5%;
Mishmetal: 0.20%.
The 3rd group: heat (batch) number: 105-2770, C:0.04%; Si:1.25%; Mn:0.15%; P:0.008%; S:0.006%; Cr:21.5%; Al:0.25%; Fe:0.45%; Y:0.45%; Ni:75.6%;
Mishmetal: 0.35%.
The 4th group: heat (batch) number: 105-2771, C:0.03%; Si:1.15%; Mn:0.16%; P:0.008%; S:0.006%; Cr:21.0%; Al:0.25%; Fe:0.42%; Y:0.4%; Ni:76.0%;
Mishmetal: 0.28%.
The 5th group: heat (batch) number: 105-2772, C:0.045%; Si:1.45%; Mn:0.30%; P:0.008%; S:0.006%; Cr:20.5%; Al:0.45%; Fe:0.40%; Y:0.36%; Ni:76.2%; Mishmetal: 0.30%.
Above-mentioned 5 groups of embodiment its preparation methods are:
1). the purity of selecting Si, Mn, Cr, Ni, Y, Al, Fe for use, is prepared burden according to embodiment of the invention design mix as raw material greater than 98.5% pure metal material;
2). vacuum refining furnace is smelted, feed by its loading sequence, its loading sequence is: carbon C-iron Fe-chromium Cr-nickel-silicon Si-manganese Mn-aluminium Al-yttrium Y, stir coming out of the stove in preceding 5 minutes mishmetal once added in the molten steel, and refining period, temperature was controlled at 1500 0C~1540 0C, refining time 40 minutes, tapping temperature 1520 0C~1560 0C;
3). electroslag refining, refining period, temperature was controlled at 1520 0C~1580 0C, melting voltage 45-50V,
Melting electric current 2500-3000A;
4) forge forging temperature 1180 0C-900 0C opens and forges temperature 1150 0C adopts the Sweet natural gas heating;
5) gren rod: the square rod after will forging carries out gren rod, hot-rolled temperature 1180 0C-900 0C, start rolling temperature 1170 0C, finishing temperature is 900 0C;
6) annealing, annealing temperature 950 0C – 1050 0C, annealing insulation 2 hours;
7) rinsing: the blank after gren rod, the annealing is carried out pickling-washing, and its acid solution is by weight ratio: HNO 3: HF: H 2O=1.5: 0.8: 100, acid liquor temperature was 40-60 0C, leaching time are 10-15 minute.
8) oven dry of the wire rod dust after rinsing multi-pass is carried out drawing → annealing → drawing, obtain the high-resistance electrothermic alloy finished material.Described drawing employing bicycle (10 meters/minute of speed) at a slow speed carries out, its linear velocity is 8-10m/mint, for example: according to customer need, drawing passes is 19 passages, Φ 8.0*-7.2-6.5*-6.0-5.5--5.0*-4.5-4.0*-3.5-3.0*-2.5--2.2-2.0-1.8-Φ 1.6*-1.4-1.2-1.0-0.9-0.8*
" * " is the process annealing passage.Bright heat treatment annealing is adopted in described annealing, and annealing temperature is 950 0C-1050 0C.
Above embodiment is designed, the high-resistance electrothermic alloy material of preparation relevant department its composition, comprehensive mechanical property have been carried out detection, test, examining report is as follows:
One. mechanical industry quality of materials inspection center
Chemical composition analysis
Sample title: Cr20Ni80Y (the present invention); Sample characteristic: piece sample
Detect foundation and/judgment basis: ISO4938-1988GB/T223.11-2008
Detect data/result.
C:?0.024% Cr:22.30% Mn:0.17%
S?:0.001% P:?<0.002% Ni:?75.1%
Si:1.36% Fe:0.39% Al:0.20%
Y:0.38%
Two. Stainless Steel Products quality supervision and test center, Jiangsu Province
Mechanical property
Sample title: Cr20Ni80Y (the present invention)
Specifications and models: Cr20Ni80Y(the present invention), diameter is the alloy gren rod of 8.0-10mm
Sample state: meet survey requirement;
CMT5305 (0.5 grade) microcomputer control electronics universal testing machine;
Test basis: GB/T228-2002 " metallic substance tensile test at room temperature method ".
Assay: see Table 1
Require according to GB: GBT1234-1995 high-resistance electrothermic alloy, diameter are that the alloy gren rod elongation after fracture of 8.0-10mm is not less than 20%.Cr20Ni80Y of the present invention checks its mechanical property all to meet or surpasses GB through relevant department, and tensile strength is 700-840 Mpa, and yield strength is 360-380Mpa, and elongation is about 40%, and relative reduction in area is about 65%.
Three. Stainless Steel Products quality supervision and test center, Jiangsu Province
Pliability test
Sample title: Cr20Ni80Y (the present invention)
Specifications and models: Cr20Ni80Y(the present invention), diameter is the alloy wire rod of 0.8mm.
Sample size: 2 in every stove
Sample state: meet survey requirement.
Test basis: GB T 1234-1995 requires according to GB: GB T 1234-1995 high-resistance electrothermic alloy, and diameter or thickness should be made pliability test greater than the cold-strip of 0.8mm, and layering and crackle must not appear in its knee.
Assay: no layering and seminess, its plasticity and processability are good.
Four. Stainless Steel Products quality supervision and test center, Jiangsu Province
Accelerated life test
Sample title: Cr20Ni80Y (the present invention)
Specifications and models: Cr20Ni80Y(the present invention), diameter is the alloy silk of 0.8mm.
Sample size: 2 in every stove
Sample state: meet survey requirement.
Test basis: GB T 1234-1995 high-resistance electrothermic alloy life test.With diameter is that the silk material sample of 0.8mm is shape and hangs on the electrical heating alloys longevity test instrument, experimental temperature is 1200 ℃, and condition is carried out 2min energising, 2min outage (its two difference should be not more than 3s) to be subjected to cold cycling accumulative total hours be the quick life-span of sample in accordance with regulations.
Inspection machine: longevity test instrument
Assay reaches with Cr20Ni80 and relatively sees Table 2
Detect by above embodiment and mechanical property, the designed high-resistance electrothermic alloy material of the present invention is compared with existing electrical heating alloys, and this material price is low, design of components is reasonable, manufacturing process is simple, cost is low,
Its tensile strength can reach 800MPa, and yield strength can reach 360 MPa, and elongation A is 40%, and resistivity is
1.09/ μ Ω m, quick life value, h is up to more than 190.1100 0Long term operation has high strength and corrosion resistance under the C high temperature, its high temperature stress intensity stabilization, be more than 2 times of Cr20Ni80 alloy its work-ing life, compare with Cr20Ni80 and to have better antioxidant property, be that a kind of thermal expansivity is little, hot strength good, the electrical heating alloys material of long service life, high resistivity.

Claims (8)

1. a high-resistance electrothermic alloy material is characterized in that, this electrical heating alloys material by weight percentage
Calculate, ingredient is as follows:
C:0.02-0.08%; Si:0.75-1.6%?; Mn: 0.1-0.5%;
P:≤0.02%; S:?≤0.015%; Cr: 20-23%;
Al:0.1-0.5%; Y: 0.2-0.8%; Fe: 0.2-1.0%;
Surplus is Ni and unavoidable impurities.
2. a kind of high-resistance electrothermic alloy material according to claim 1 is characterized in that the purity of its raw material Si, Mn, Cr, Ni, Y, Al, Fe is greater than 98.5% in this alloy material.
3. an a kind of high-resistance electrothermic alloy preparation methods as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described preparation method comprises steps such as melting, forging, wire rod, annealing, rinsing, mould drawing, and concrete steps are as follows:
1) carry out preparation of raw material by the weight percent meter calculation of high-resistance electrothermic alloy material ingredient:
C:0.02-0.08%; Si:0.75-1.6%?; Mn: 0.1-0.5%;
P:≤0.02%; S:?≤0.015%; Cr: 20-23%;
Al:0.1-0.5%; Y: 0.2-0.8%; Fe: 0.2-1.0%;
Surplus is Ni and unavoidable impurities;
2) will pack into by the raw material of aforementioned preparation and smelt in the vacuum refining furnace, refining period, temperature was controlled at 1500 0C~1540 0C, refining time 40 minutes, tapping temperature 1520 0C~1560 0C;
3) electroslag refining, refining period, temperature was controlled at 1520 0C~1580 0C, melting voltage 45-50V,
Melting electric current 2500-3000A;
4) forge forging temperature 1180 0C-900 0C opens and forges temperature 1150 0C adopts the Sweet natural gas heating;
5) gren rod: the square rod after will forging carries out gren rod, hot-rolled temperature 1180 0C-900 0C, start rolling temperature 1170 0C, finishing temperature is 900 0C;
6) annealing, annealing temperature 950 0C – 1050 0C, annealing insulation 2 hours;
7) rinsing: the blank after gren rod, the annealing is carried out pickling-washing;
8) oven dry of the wire rod dust after rinsing multi-pass is carried out drawing → annealing → drawing, obtain the high-resistance electrothermic alloy finished material.
4. a kind of high-resistance electrothermic alloy preparation methods according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the drawing described in the step 8) adopts bicycle to carry out at a slow speed, and its linear velocity is 8-10m/mint.
5. a kind of high-resistance electrothermic alloy preparation methods according to claim 3 is characterized in that, bright heat treatment annealing is adopted in the annealing described in the step 8), and annealing temperature is 950 0C-1050 0C.
6. a kind of high-resistance electrothermic alloy preparation methods according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the rinsing described in the step 7), and its acid solution is by weight ratio in the acid pickling step: HNO 3: HF: H 2O=1.5: 0.8: 100, acid liquor temperature was 40-60 0C, leaching time are 10-15 minute.
7. a kind of high-resistance electrothermic alloy preparation methods according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the raw material of the preparation step 2) is packed into and is smelted in the vacuum refining furnace, its loading sequence is: carbon C-iron Fe-chromium Cr-nickel-silicon Si-manganese Mn-aluminium Al-yttrium Y stirs coming out of the stove in preceding 5 minutes mishmetal once added in the molten steel.
8. a kind of high-resistance electrothermic alloy preparation methods according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, describedly once add mishmetal in the molten steel in preceding 5 minutes coming out of the stove, its mishmetal is La, Ce mishmetal, count by weight percentage, the mishmetal ingredient that is added is 0.1-0.4%, in this mishmetal, described La ingredient is 35%, and the Ce ingredient is 65%.
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