CN108587966A - 一种纯天然植物源em菌培养基及其发酵产品在水产养殖中的应用 - Google Patents
一种纯天然植物源em菌培养基及其发酵产品在水产养殖中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用纯天然来源的植物源原料组成的培养基，利用该培养基培养由乳酸菌、酵母菌、光合细菌、放线菌、芽孢杆菌等组合而成的EM菌剂，获得可溶性原菌液，可应用于调节养殖环境、改善养殖动物体质和免疫力、减少抗生素类药物使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物发酵培养技术领域，尤其是涉及一种纯天然植物源EM菌培养基及其发酵后制得的可溶性EM菌剂产品在水产养殖中的应用。
背景技术
自然界中存在着许多有用的微生物，目前微生物被广泛的应用于食品、医学和工业等方面。在众多微生物中，我们将其中一部分微生物划归为益生菌。这类微生物对于环境保护、土壤改良、保持宿主健康等具有重要的作用，因此被称为EM(effectivemicroorganism)。
EM菌包括光合细菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌、放线菌等。可以改良土壤，在土壤中代谢产生氨基酸、有机酸、多糖、维生素、酶等等物质，可以提高农作物产量，增强作物抗病力；在养殖环境中能高效降解高密度养殖水体中的有害物质，改善水质，减少固态废弃物的臭味。
在EM菌具有如此众多作用的前提下，培养EM菌的基质、EM菌的组合、EM菌剂产品的形态等对于产品的效果及使用均具有十分重要的意义。现代工业及人口快速增长导致化肥、药物的大量使用，使得土壤、水体等持续恶化，使用EM菌肥能够有效改善土地和水体质量、大幅减少化肥和药物使用、提高种植和养殖效益。
现在农业环境中使用的EM菌，在效果上参差不齐，多以廉价的大规模合成的化学物质为培养基扩培，而且售价偏高。CN106508761A提供了一种采用微生态制剂水泥池养殖南美白对虾的方法，该方法不仅要额外使用乳酸菌液，还要求复杂苛刻的使用条件，对养殖水体的水温、盐度、pH都有要求，提高了使用门槛。
在此前提下，基于师法自然、生态循环的原则，开发一款针对水体质量提高和水产养殖的动物产量增加、能普遍使用的、纯天然和环境亲和、效果优异的EM菌液具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题，本申请提供了一种纯天然植物源EM菌培养基及其在水产养殖中的应用。本发明根据复合EM菌种的生长特点，设计了对应的培养方案，使其达到最优培养结果；获得的原菌液用于养殖领域可有效调水，提高抗病率，提高产量10-40％。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种纯天然植物源EM菌培养基，由以下质量百分数的原料组成：
黄豆粉或豆饼粉或其混合物3-8％，椰子壳灰粉0-1％，棕榈壳灰粉0-1％，秸秆草木灰粉0-1％，玉米原料生化黄腐酸0-5％，红糖2-8％，用水溶解完全后，补足100％；用氢氧化钠调节pH为5-8，即为培养基；所述原料中的粉末皆粉碎至≤200目。
所述纯天然植物源EM菌培养基进行培养EM菌种的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
(1)在带通气管路的不锈钢或塑料反应器或槽中配上述的纯天然植物源EM菌培养基；
(2)将复合EM菌种完全倒入培养基中，并用盖子将其盖好密封；
(3)调节并保持合适的培养温度，在10-50转/分钟的搅拌条件下，每隔6小时按照0.1VVM通入无菌空气并保持10-30min，培养3-7天，待pH达到3.0-3.8即可终止发酵，液体即为原菌液产品，灌装出售或使用；
所述复合EM菌种为：
上述发酵后制备得到的原菌液产品用于水产养殖的方法为：将所述原菌液与水按照1:50-200的质量比稀释，将稀释液喷洒入养殖水体中，或者拌入养殖水产饲料中。
本发明有益的技术效果在于：
本发明提供的培养基采用绿色纯天然原料，绿色环保，成本低，培养方法简单，培养3～7天后即可获得原菌液。
本发明发酵得到的原菌液是水溶液的，可以直接与水稀释后使用，泼洒至所需水体中，或者拌入饲料中均可。其净化养殖水体效果明显，将水体中的氨氮数量降解95％以上，水体能见度提高1.5～2倍，亚硝酸盐降解90％以上，藻类密度减少130倍以上，在水产养殖中可以大幅度减少饵料系数，提高产量。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和应用例，对本发明进行具体描述。
实施例1
本实施例提供的纯天然植物源EM菌培养基，由以下质量百分数的原料组成：
黄豆粉或豆饼粉或其混合物3％，红糖2％，用水溶解完全后，补足100％；用氢氧化钠调节pH为8，即为培养基；所述原料中的粉末皆粉碎至≤200目。
上述纯天然植物源EM菌培养基进行培养EM菌种的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
(1)在带通气管路的不锈钢反应器中配好上述纯天然植物源EM菌培养基；
(2)将复合EM菌种完全倒入培养基中，并用盖子将其盖好密封；
(3)调节并保持合适的培养温度，在10转/分钟的搅拌条件下，每隔6小时按照0.1VVM通入无菌空气并保持30min，培养7天，待pH达到3.8即可终止发酵，液体即为原菌液产品，灌装出售或使用；
所述复合EM菌种为：
实施例2
本实施例提供的纯天然植物源EM菌培养基，由以下质量百分数的原料组成：
黄豆粉或豆饼粉或其混合物5％，椰子壳灰粉0.5％，棕榈壳灰粉0.5％，秸秆草木灰粉0.5％，玉米原料生化黄腐酸2.5％，红糖5％，用水溶解完全后，补足100％；用氢氧化钠调节pH为6，即为培养基；所述原料中的粉末皆粉碎至≤200目。
所述纯天然植物源EM菌培养基进行培养EM菌种的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
(1)在带通气管路的塑料反应器中配好上述纯天然植物源EM菌培养基；
(2)将复合EM菌种完全倒入培养基中，并用盖子将其盖好密封；
(3)调节并保持合适的培养温度，在30转/分钟的搅拌条件下，每隔6小时按照0.1VVM通入无菌空气并保持20min，培养5天，待pH达到3.5即可终止发酵，液体即为原菌液产品，灌装出售或使用；
所述复合EM菌种为：
实施例3
本实施例提供的纯天然植物源EM菌培养基，由以下质量百分数的原料组成：
黄豆粉或豆饼粉或其混合物8％，椰子壳灰粉1％，棕榈壳灰粉1％，秸秆草木灰粉1％，玉米原料生化黄腐酸5％，红糖8％，用水溶解完全后，补足100％；用氢氧化钠调节pH为5，即为培养基；所述原料中的粉末皆粉碎至≤200目。
所述纯天然植物源EM菌培养基进行培养EM菌种的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
(1)在带通气管路的槽中配好上述纯天然植物源EM菌培养基；
(2)将复合EM菌种完全倒入培养基中，并用盖子将其盖好密封；
(3)调节并保持合适的培养温度，在50转/分钟的搅拌条件下，每隔6小时按照0.1VVM通入无菌空气并保持10min，培养4天，待pH达到3.0即可终止发酵，液体即为原菌液产品，灌装出售或使用；
所述复合EM菌种为：
对照组：空白组，即普通的水。
应用例1：
将实施例1制备得到的原菌液与水按1:100的质量比稀释后，在河蟹养殖池塘按照2公斤/亩米水面泼洒稀释液。对照组也按此用量泼洒，观察并检测水质变化，结果如表1所示。
表1
应用例2：
将实施例2制备得到的原菌液与水按1:100的质量比稀释后，在河蟹养殖池塘喷洒稀释液(按照2公斤/亩米水面)。对照组也按此用量泼洒，观察并检测水质变化，结果如表2所示。
表2
| 藻类丰度(个/L) | 0天 | 1天 | 2天 |
| 实施例2 | 4.3×106 | 6.5×104 | 3.2×104 |
| 对照组 | 5.1×106 | 5.0×106 | 5.7×106 |
应用例3：
南美白对虾养殖。将实施例2制备得到的原菌液与水按1:80的质量比稀释后，按照每吨虾料中拌入10公斤稀释液。对照组也按此用量拌入，观察并检测南美对虾的生长情况，结果如表3、表4所示。
表3
| 每日投喂量(公斤/亩) | 0天 | 30天 | 60天 | 90天 | 130天 |
| 实施例2 | 0 | 11 | 30 | 49 | 79 |
| 对照组 | 0 | 17 | 35 | 48 | 44 |
表4
Claims (3)
1.一种纯天然植物源EM菌培养基，其特征在于由以下质量百分数的原料组成：
黄豆粉或豆饼粉或其混合物3-8％，椰子壳灰粉0-1％，棕榈壳灰粉0-1％，秸秆草木灰粉0-1％，玉米原料生化黄腐酸0-5％，红糖2-8％，用水溶解完全后，补足100％；用氢氧化钠调节pH为5-8，即为培养基；所述原料中的粉末皆粉碎至≤200目。
2.一种培养EM菌种的方法，其特征在于按照以下步骤进行：
(1)在带通气管路的不锈钢或塑料反应器或槽中配好权利要求1所述的纯天然植物源EM菌培养基；
(2)将复合EM菌种完全倒入培养基中，并用盖子将其盖好密封；
(3)调节并保持合适的培养温度，在10-50转/分钟的搅拌条件下，每隔6小时按照0.1VVM通入无菌空气并保持10-30min，培养3-7天，待pH达到3.0-3.8即可终止发酵，液体即为原菌液产品，灌装出售或使用；
所述复合EM菌种为：
3.一种权利要求2所述原菌液产品用于水产养殖的方法，其特征在于将所述原菌液与水按照1:50-200的质量比稀释，将稀释液喷洒入养殖水体中，或者拌入养殖水产饲料中。
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