CN108586825A - A kind of fast sample material of food spoilage with pH discoloration responses and preparation method thereof, purposes - Google Patents

A kind of fast sample material of food spoilage with pH discoloration responses and preparation method thereof, purposes Download PDF

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CN108586825A
CN108586825A CN201810376018.XA CN201810376018A CN108586825A CN 108586825 A CN108586825 A CN 108586825A CN 201810376018 A CN201810376018 A CN 201810376018A CN 108586825 A CN108586825 A CN 108586825A
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sample material
food spoilage
discoloration
responses
fast sample
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黄正农
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L5/00Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N21/78Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator producing a change of colour
    • G01N21/80Indicating pH value
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/14Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
    • C08L2205/16Fibres; Fibrils
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/75Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
    • G01N21/77Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated by observing the effect on a chemical indicator
    • G01N2021/775Indicator and selective membrane

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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of fast sample material of food spoilage and its preparation, purposes with pH discoloration responses.Material matrix is examined soon by food spoilage of polysaccharide gum, the edible natural pH response substances for the nano-cellulose fiber solution activeness and quietness agent and matrix quality 0.1%~2.5% that the edible of addition matrix quality 1%~50% increases soft toughener, the mass concentration of matrix quality 2%~8% is 5% are prepared for the fast sample material of food spoilage with pH discoloration responses.This fast sample material shows good mechanical strength, degradability, pH sensibility, meets the needs of quickly detection food spoilage, it can be used as a kind of fast sample material of safe and environment-friendly food spoilage, freshness for quickly detecting the food that pH variations can occur in metamorphic process, such as the various dairy produces or fruit, cake, meat, fish etc. such as fresh milk, sterile milk, pasteurization milk, lactogenesis, modulation breast, it has broad application prospects.

Description

A kind of fast sample material of food spoilage with pH discoloration responses and preparation method thereof, Purposes
Technical field
The present invention relates to functional food packaging film preparing technical field more particularly to a kind of change colour response with pH Fast sample material of food spoilage and preparation method thereof, purposes, the natural materials with pH responses are added in polysaccharide gel matrix, Assign its function of quickly detecting food spoilage.
Background technology
Before 20th century, packaging material mostly from living resources, the plastic products as petroleum derivative occur after just by Step substitutes biomass packing articles.Oil is non-renewable resources, downstream product --- synthesize the difficult to degrade of high molecular products Property to ecology and environment bring huge pressure.The exploitation of nontoxic, safe and environment-friendly natural macromolecular material is solution with research Certainly the problem provides new method.
After the 1990s, occur with the Edible material from animals and plants such as protein, polysaccharide, lipid being film forming The natural polymers such as the packaging material for food of matrix, such as cellulose, starch, chitin, protein obtain extensively in Material Field General application.These natural polymers are resourceful in nature, and decomposition catabolite is nontoxic, but exist and be difficult to add Work lacks the problems such as excellent flexibility, limits it and is widely used.In general, natural polymer need by physics or Chemical modification destroys intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bond, so that macromolecular chain is moved, to improve flexibility.Therefore, how Easy processing, the flexibility etc. for effectively improving natural polymer are food packaging applications urgent problems to be solved.
Packaging is the window that food soul embodies.With the improvement of people's life quality, to food quality, health, safety Etc. have higher requirement.Information in terms of packaging material for food can carry out food quality and sanitary conditions with consumer is handed over Stream is a kind of novel and significant function that 21 century consumer expects very much.
Studies have shown that in food production, transport, storing process, because microorganism decomposition, enzymatic are decomposed, oxidation, are breathed The effects that, it is easy to cause nutriment in food and decomposes, consumes, generation niff, generation is rancid, even generates Toxic Matter, ultimate food are putrid and deteriorated.The detection mode of food spoilage is divided into sense organ, physical index, microbial identification etc..Physical index PH value, conductivity, index of refraction, the viscosity etc. of food are predominantly detected, wherein pH detections are a kind of straightforward procedures being easily achieved.pH Detection means include chemistry titration and instrument detection, wherein food freshness is reflected with the variation of color, is realized and consumption Exchange between person is more aobvious intuitive succinct.And the substance majority that color change can occur is organic synthetic dye, such as bromine cresols Purple, bromocresol green etc., there are the serious security problems such as carcinogenic, teratogenesis for these organic synthetic dyes.Therefore, selection is suitable edible It is the key that one of the fast sample material of food spoilage for preparing the response that changes colour with pH with pH discoloration response substances.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of fast sample material of food spoilage with pH discoloration responses and its preparation sides Method, purposes.By screening the pH discoloration response substances of suitable host material and edible natural, optimize technique, to put forward The mechanical property of high material, and the function that material quickly detects food spoilage is assigned, to overcome deficiency of the prior art.
The present invention the technical solution to solve the technical problem is that:A kind of fast sample of food spoilage with pH discoloration responses Material, formula are as follows:Material matrix is examined soon by food spoilage of polysaccharide gum, and the edible of addition matrix quality 1%~50% increases Soft toughener, matrix quality 2%~8% mass concentration be 5% nano-cellulose fiber solution activeness and quietness agent and matrix The edible natural of quality 0.1%~2.5% pH response substances, edible natural pH response substances include purple sweet Blue extract.
Edible natural pH response substances further include flue berry extract, three-coloured amaranth extract, lycium ruthenicum extraction One or more of object;
The polysaccharide gum substrate molecule is the straight or branched structure of cation, anion or neutrality.
The polysaccharide gel matrix includes inulin, Sodium Alginate, pectin, gellan gum, curdlan, chitosan, tara gum, melon One or more of your bean gum, locust bean gum, trigonella bean gum, algaroba glue, xanthans and carragheen.
It includes one kind in sorbierite, glycerine, propylene glycol, glucose, fructose, sucrose that the edible, which increases soft toughener, Or it is a variety of.
The purposes of the above-mentioned fast sample material of food spoilage with pH discoloration responses:By impregnating or contacting tested food Mode quickly detect the variation of food pH and take this to judge whether it goes bad, the measured object include dairy produce or fruit, The food such as cake, meat, fish, the dairy produce include fresh milk, sterile milk, pasteurization milk, lactogenesis or modulation breast etc..
A kind of fast sample material of food spoilage with pH discoloration responses, preparation method follow the steps below:
1, cabbage red is extracted from violet cabbage
After violet cabbage is rinsed with water, chopping.Prepared pH=1~2 in advance are added according to solid-liquid mass ratio 1: 10~40 Hydrochloric acid solution.At 40 DEG C~60 DEG C after 30~70min of ultrasound extraction, 1000~3000rpm is centrifuged off impurity, filters To cabbage red solution, re-dry obtains solid cabbage red powder.
2, matrix solution is prepared
Polysaccharide gum is pulverized and sieved, is add to deionized water according to certain mass ratio, heats and stirs at 40 DEG C~50 DEG C 1~4h is mixed, matrix solution is obtained.The edible for weighing matrix quality 1%~50% increases soft toughener and matrix quality 2% The nano-cellulose fiber solution that~8% mass concentration is 5% is added to above-mentioned solution, stirs evenly, obtains matrix solution.
3, addition pH discolorations response substance
The cabbage red of membrane matrix quality 0.1%~2.5% is added in above-mentioned solution, after stirring evenly, with pH=13~ It is 7~9 that 14 sodium hydroxide solution, which adjusts pH,.Solution obtained above is defoamed 10~30min in ultrasonic device to be placed on It in plastic film mulch mold, after standing 0.5~1h, is placed in 40 DEG C~60 DEG C baking ovens and dries, the food with pH discoloration responses is made Go bad fast sample material.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The present invention mainly using polysaccharide gum as material matrix, have natural products safety edible use and biodegradable characteristic, Nano-cellulose fiber of the addition with toughening effect simultaneously, improves the mechanical property of material.On this basis, it is added with color The sensitive instruction pH variations of variation violet cabbage extract cabbage red, assign material and quickly detect the specific function of food spoilage. All raw materials of the material are safe natural products, non-toxic to humans, fully biodegradable.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is color change situation of the 1 violet cabbage extract cabbage red solution of the embodiment of the present invention at different pH.
Fig. 2 is color change situation of the 1 grape skin extract anthocyanidin solution of comparative example at different pH.
Fig. 3 is the infrared spectrogram of the fast sample material of food with pH discoloration responses in the embodiment of the present invention 5,7~10 Test result, wherein 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% respectively represents the nano-cellulose fiber solution addition that mass concentration is 5% Amount changes colour for 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% with pH the food fast sample material of response, and in figure, A indicates transmitance, B tables Oscillography number, CNF indicate the infrared spectrogram of nano-cellulose fiber.
Fig. 4 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the fast sample material of food with pH discoloration responses in the embodiment of the present invention 5,7~10, Wherein 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% respectively represent the nano-cellulose fiber solution additive amount that mass concentration is 5% be 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, the 8% fast sample material of food with pH discoloration responses.
Fig. 5 is the present invention, and there is the fast sample material of food of pH discoloration responses to go bad in the simulation of actual pasteurization milk Applicable cases in journey, it is corresponding with table 5.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of the present invention is described below in detail, examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, by reference to attached drawing The embodiment of description is exemplary, and is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not considered as limiting the invention.
Embodiment 1
After violet cabbage is rinsed with water, chopping.The hydrochloric acid that prepared pH=2 in advance is added according to solid-liquid mass ratio 1: 10 is molten Liquid.At 40 DEG C after ultrasound extraction 70min, 1000rpm is centrifuged off impurity, and cabbage red solution is obtained by filtration, and re-dry obtains Solid cabbage red powder.
In embodiment 1, test violet cabbage extract cabbage red pH discoloration response performances are as shown in Figure 1.It is purple in pH=4~9 Cabbage extract cabbage red solution is sensitive to the variation color change response of pH.
Comparative example 1
After Grape Skin is rinsed with water, chopping.The hydrochloric acid that prepared pH=2 in advance is added according to solid-liquid mass ratio 1: 20 is molten Liquid.At 40 DEG C after ultrasound extraction 70min, 1000rpm is centrifuged off impurity, and grape peel anthocyanidin solution is obtained by filtration.
In comparative example 1, test grape skin extract anthocyanidin pH discoloration response performances are as shown in Figure 2.In pH=4~9, Portugal Its color change response sensitivity is slightly poorer than violet cabbage extract cabbage red to the variation of pH for grape bark extract anthocyanidin solution.
Embodiment 2
6g tara gums are dissolved in 600g deionized waters, and stirring is to being completely dissolved.It is molten to add 1% concentration cabbage reds of 10g Liquid adjusts pH=8 with the sodium hydroxide solution of pH=14.Obtained solution is defoamed into 20min in ultrasonic device and is placed on paving It in film die, after standing 0.5h, is placed in 50 DEG C of baking ovens and dries, the fast sample of food spoilage with pH discoloration responses is made Material.
Embodiment 3~6
2 identical condition of embodiment is used, only the additive amount of glycerine difference, glycerine in embodiment 3,4,5,6 Additive amount is respectively 10%, 20%, 30%, the 40% of matrix quality, and Mechanics Performance Testing is as shown in table 1.It can be obtained from table 1, When glycerine additive amount is less than 10%, the brittleness of the fast sample material of food spoilage with pH discoloration responses is big;As glycerine adds The brittleness of the increase of dosage, material is declined, and elongation at break increases, when the additive amount of glycerine is 30%, material Good mechanical properties.
Watch 1 has the mechanical experimental results of the fast sample material of food spoilage of pH discoloration responses
Embodiment 7
6g tara gums are dissolved in 600g deionized waters, and the glycerine of matrix quality 30%, base is added to being completely dissolved in stirring The nano-cellulose fiber solution that the mass concentration of matter quality 2% is 5%, stirs evenly.Add 1% concentration cabbage reds of 10g Solution adjusts pH=8 with the sodium hydroxide solution of pH=14.Obtained solution is defoamed 20min in ultrasonic device to be placed on It in plastic film mulch mold, after standing 0.5h, is placed in 50 DEG C of baking ovens and dries, the fast sample of food spoilage with pH discoloration responses is made Material.
Embodiment 8~10
7 identical condition of embodiment is used, the additive amount for the nano-cellulose fiber solution that only mass concentration is 5% Difference, the nano-cellulose fiber solution additive amount that mass concentration is 5% in embodiment 8,9,10 is respectively matrix quality 4%, 6%, 8%.
The infrared light of the fast sample material of food spoilage with pH discoloration responses in embodiment 5,7~10 is tested respectively Spectrum, scanning electron microscope collection of illustrative plates, mechanical property and degradability.
The results are shown in Figure 3 for examination of infrared spectrum, in 3320cm-1(O-H is flexible), 2890cm-1(C-H bendings) and 950- 1150cm-1The characteristic absorption peak of tara gum can be observed under (C-O, C-O-C glucosides and C-O-H bands).It is added to nano-cellulose After fiber, material is in 950-1150cm-1Neighbouring absorption peak becomes more sharp and stronger, this is because nano-cellulose fiber with Caused by the bands of a spectrum overlapping of tara gum.The results are shown in Figure 4 for scanning electron microscope, and be not added with nano-cellulose fiber has pH discolorations The food spoilage of response examines material surface smoother and uniformly soon, and after being added to nano-cellulose fiber, material surface Become coarse, and roughness increases with the raising of nano-cellulose fiber additive amount.The test result of mechanical property such as table 2 Shown, after nano-cellulose fiber is added, the mechanical property of the fast sample material of food spoilage with pH discoloration responses is carried Height, and with the increase of nano-cellulose fiber additive amount, tensile strength and the equal first increases and then decreases of elongation at break.
Watch 2 has the mechanical experimental results of the fast sample material of food spoilage of pH discoloration responses
In order to assess the feature of environmental protection of the fast sample material of food spoilage with pH discoloration responses, tests to change colour with pH and ring The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) BOD and COD COD of the fast sample material of food spoilage of answering propertyCr, investigate its degradation property.BOD/ CODCrRatio can reflect the biodegradability of material to a certain extent.The results are shown in Table 3 for Degrading experiment, has pH discolorations The BOD of the fast sample of food spoilage of response5/CODCr=0.53, show in shorter five days, material degradation rate is up to 50% More than;BOD10/CODCr=0.60, show in ten days, material degradation rate is up to 60%.It follows that should have pH discolorations to ring The fast sample material of food spoilage of answering property is easy degradation in nature, can reach the requirement of biodegradation material standard substantially BOD10/CODCrMore than 60%, there is the good feature of environmental protection.
Watch 3 has the Degrading experiment result of the fast sample material of food spoilage of pH discoloration responses
Embodiment 11
5.4g tara gums are dissolved in 540g deionized waters, and stirring is to being completely dissolved.0.6g chitosans are dissolved in 60g l% In the acetum of concentration, stirring is to being completely dissolved.Two kinds of solution obtained above is mixed, the sweet of matrix quality 30% is added Nano-cellulose fiber solution, 10g 1% concentration cabbage red solution of oily, matrix quality 6% the mass concentration for 5%, use pH =14 sodium hydroxide solution adjusts pH=8.Obtained solution is defoamed 10min in ultrasonic device to be placed in mold, it is quiet It after setting to 0 .5h, is placed in 50 DEG C of baking ovens and dries, the fast sample material of food with pH discoloration responses is made.
Embodiment 12~14
Used 11 identical condition of embodiment, only tara gum than chitosan ratio difference, embodiment 12, 13, tara gum than chitosan ratio is respectively 8: 2,7: 3,6: 4 in 14, and Mechanics Performance Testing is as shown in table 4.It can be obtained by table 4, With the increase of chitosan ratio in the fast sample material of food spoilage for the response that changes colour with pH, the tensile strength of material first increases After reduce, elongation at break is then conversely, work as tara gum:Chitosan=7: when 3, the good mechanical properties of material.
Watch 4 has the mechanical experimental results of the fast sample material of food spoilage of pH discoloration responses
On the basis of the studies above, the fast sample material of food spoilage with pH discoloration responses is further tested in reality Pasteurization milk simulation metamorphic process in applicable cases, experimental result is shown in Table 5, Fig. 5.
Watch 5 has the fast sample material of food spoilage of pH discoloration responses in actual pasteurization milk simulates metamorphic process Applicable cases
Note:In upper table, L, a, b value represent the fast sample material of food spoilage that there is pH to change colour response before and after impregnating milk The variation of color, wherein L values (0-100) represent black and white (0 is black, and 100 be white);A values represent red green, and (positive value is red, is born Value is green);B values represent champac color (positive value is blue as yellow, negative value).Food spoilage with pH discoloration responses is examined soon Material is soaked in the chromatic value after the pasteurize milk solution of different pH and subtracts the chromatic value before impregnating, i.e., respectively to Δ L, Δ A, Δ b values.
It can be seen that, with the extension of pasteurization milk milk sample standing time in an oven, there is pH to become from table 5 and attached drawing 5 The color of the fast sample material of food spoilage of colour response gradually becomes red by green;It is reached when the time that milk sample is placed in an oven To (corresponding milk acidity value has been more than national Specification range) when 11h, the color change of material is apparent.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of fast sample material of food spoilage with pH discoloration responses, which is characterized in that described there is pH to become colour response Property the fast sample material of food spoilage examine material matrix soon using polysaccharide gum as food spoilage, addition matrix quality 1%~50% can Eat the soft toughener of increasing, the nano-cellulose fiber solution activeness and quietness agent that the mass concentration of matrix quality 2%~8% is 5% With the edible natural pH response substances of matrix quality 0.1%~2.5%, edible natural pH response substance packets Include violet cabbage extract.
2. the fast sample material of food spoilage as described in claim 1 with pH discoloration responses, which is characterized in that the day Right edible pH response substances further include a kind of or more in flue berry extract, three-coloured amaranth extract, lycium ruthenicum extract Kind;The polysaccharide gum substrate molecule is the straight or branched structure of cation, anion or neutrality.
3. the fast sample material of food spoilage as claimed in claim 2 with pH discoloration responses, which is characterized in that described is more Carbohydrate gum matrix include inulin, Sodium Alginate, pectin, gellan gum, curdlan, chitosan, tara gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, One or more of trigonella bean gum, algaroba glue, xanthans and carragheen.
4. the fast sample material of food spoilage as described in claim 1 with pH discoloration responses, which is characterized in that described can The edible soft toughener of increasing includes one or more of sorbierite, glycerine, propylene glycol, glucose, fructose, sucrose.
5. the purposes of the fast sample material of food spoilage as described in claim 1 with pH discoloration responses, which is characterized in that logical The mode for crossing immersion or the tested food of contact quickly detects the variation of food pH and takes this to judge whether it goes bad, described tested Object includes the food such as dairy produce or fruit, cake, meat, fish, and the dairy produce includes fresh milk, sterile milk, pasteurize Breast, lactogenesis or modulation breast etc..
6. the preparation method of the fast sample material of food spoilage as described in claim 1 with pH discoloration responses, feature exist In including the following steps:
S1 after) violet cabbage is rinsed with water, chopping;The salt of prepared pH=1~2 in advance is added by solid-liquid mass ratio 1: 10~40 Acid solution;At 40 DEG C~60 DEG C after 30~70min of ultrasound extraction, 1000~3000rpm is centrifuged off impurity, is obtained by filtration sweet Blue red solution, re-dry obtain solid cabbage red powder;
S2) polysaccharide gum is pulverized and sieved, is add to deionized water according to certain mass ratio, the heating stirring at 40 DEG C~50 DEG C 1~4h obtains matrix solution;
S3 the edible for) weighing matrix quality 1%~50% increases soft toughener, the mass concentration of matrix quality 2%~8% is 5% nano-cellulose fiber solution is added in matrix solution and stirs evenly;Matrix quality 0.1% is added in above-mentioned solution ~2.5% cabbage red, after stirring evenly, it is 7~9 to adjust pH with the sodium hydroxide solution of pH=13~14;
S4 solution obtained above) is defoamed 10~30min in ultrasonic device to be placed in mold, after standing 0.5~1h, is set It is dried in 40 DEG C~60 DEG C baking ovens, the fast sample material of food spoilage with pH discoloration responses is made.
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