CN108585881A - A kind of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics of present invention offer and preparation method thereof by the way that silicon nitride powder is carried out deoxidation treatment, natural cooling, and gained beta-silicon nitride powder are ground up, sieved to solve the relatively low technical problem of existing thermal conductivity;It is mixed under the action of blending agent with sintering aid, dry after mixing, sieving obtains powder;Compression moulding obtains silicon nitride ceramics green compact;Most afterwards through gas pressure sintering, obtain silicon nitride ceramic material, compared with the prior art, pass through the deoxidation treatment to beta-silicon nitride powder, so that original powder oxygen content is lower, lattice oxygen content degree higher is reduced in sintering process, it is more advantageous to and avoids phon scattering, to improve the thermal conductivity of silicon nitride ceramics, the silicon nitride ceramics of preparation has high heat conductance, good thermal shock resistance and high temperature resistance, it is safe to use, it is a kind of silicon nitride ceramic substrate material with excellent power, heat, electric comprehensive performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ceramic materials preparation technology field, more particularly to a kind of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics and its preparation
Method.
Background technology
Silicon nitride (Si3N4) has intensity height, good toughness, heat shock resistance, corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant etc. performances, in aviation boat
It, machinery, nuclear energy, chemical industry, ocean engineering, the fields such as armor facing have a wide range of applications.Middle period nineteen nineties
Before, the thermal conductivity of the polycrystalline silicon nitride ceramics that document is reported at room temperature is very low, and only 20-70W/mK is far below
Other non-oxide ceramics (SiC 270W/mK, AlN 320W/mK).Nineteen ninety-five, Haggerty et al. predict β-
Si3N4 ceramics thermal conductivities can reach 200-320W/mK, this discovery has expanded silicon nitride ceramics in electric vehicle, integrated electricity
Road and the application for needing high heat-dissipation, high-insulation and high heat-resistant circuitry baseplate material field.
Although silicon nitride theory thermal conductivity is higher, the thermal conductivity of sintered silicon nitride ceramic is far below theoretical value, tradition
Sintering technology so as to nitrogenize in silicon crystal lattice that crystal grain is tiny, β phase contents are relatively low and the content of Grain-Boundary Phase there are excessive impurity and defect
Excessively high, these factors lead to the lower thermal conductivity of sintered silicon nitride ceramic, it is difficult to the extensive use as ceramic substrate material.
There are two ways to preparing silicon nitride ceramic substrate at present, one is silicon powder nitride method is used, by silica flour and burning is helped
Green compact are pressed into after agent mixing, in the nitrogen pressure of micro-positive pressure (0.1-0.5MPa), temperature carries out under the conditions of being 1100-1400 DEG C
4-10h is nitrogenized, the material after nitridation is sintered 2-60h under 1900 DEG C, 0.9-1MPa nitrogen pressures.Nitrogen prepared by the method
SiClx ceramic substrate can lead to lower dielectric properties, while being carried out again after silicon powder nitride since there are remaining silicon for nitridation process
There are Residual Pores for meeting in agglomerated material, and density is relatively low, the raising to affect the mechanical properties with thermal conductivity.Another method is direct
The use of silicon nitride powder is raw material, green compact is pressed into after being mixed with sintering aid, in high temperature (1700-2000 DEG C), 0.9-1MPa nitrogen
2-60h is sintered under atmospheric pressure, this method need to use high purity silicon nitride silica flour, and of high cost, industrialization difficulty is big.
In view of drawbacks described above, creator of the present invention proposes the present invention by prolonged research and practice.
Invention content
In order to solve the silicon nitride ceramics technical problem relatively low as the thermal conductivity of ceramic substrate material, the present invention provides one
The preparation method of kind high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics comprising following steps:
Silicon nitride powder is carried out deoxidation treatment, natural cooling, and gained beta-silicon nitride powder is ground up, sieved by the first step;
Second step mixes beta-silicon nitride powder described in the first step with sintering aid under the action of blending agent, mixing knot
Dry after beam, sieving, obtains powder;
Third walks, and the powder pressing is molded, silicon nitride ceramics green compact are obtained;
The silicon nitride ceramics green compact are carried out gas pressure sintering, obtain silicon nitride ceramic material by the 4th step.
Preferably, the technique of deoxidation treatment described in the first step is, the silicon nitride powder and carbon dust are respectively put into different
It in crucible, is positioned in tube furnace, with the heating rate of 5-10 DEG C/min, in reaction atmosphere at a temperature of 1200 DEG C -1400 DEG C
Handle 4-8h.
Preferably, the reaction atmosphere is nitrogen or ammonia.
Preferably, sintering aid described in second step is binary complex sintering aids, and the binary complex sintering aids packet
Include rare earth oxide and alkaline earth metal compound.
Preferably, the rare earth oxide is Y2O3、Yb2O3、Gd2O3、Nd2O3In one kind, the alkaline earth metal compound
It is MgO, MgSiN2Or MgF2In one kind.
Preferably, mole of beta-silicon nitride powder described in second step, the rare earth oxide and the alkaline earth metal compound
Than for 95-89:4-6:1-5.
Preferably, blending agent described in second step is isopropanol, and the weight of the isopropanol and the beta-silicon nitride powder
Than for 1-1.5:1.
Preferably, process dry described in second step is, first rotarily dried at 55-75 DEG C, then in vacuum drying oven
In it is 3-5 hours dry with 110-130 DEG C.
Preferably, the process conditions that third walks the compression moulding are, first use punching block dry-pressing formed, then carry out cold etc. quiet
It is molded, forming pressure 200-500MPa, molding time 100-300s.
Preferably, in the 4th step, the process conditions of the gas pressure sintering are, using nitrogen as sintering atmosphere, air pressure 0.9-
Under conditions of 1.5Mpa, it is warming up to 1700-2000 DEG C with the rate of 5-15 DEG C/min, and keep the temperature 1.5-20h.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, pass through the deoxidation treatment to beta-silicon nitride powder so that original powder oxygen content is lower, is reduced in sintering process
Lattice oxygen content degree higher, is more advantageous to and avoids phon scattering, to improve the thermal conductivity of silicon nitride ceramics.
2, silicon nitride ceramics prepared by the present invention has high heat conductance, good thermal shock resistance and high temperature resistance, makes
It is a kind of silicon nitride ceramic substrate material with excellent power, heat, electric comprehensive performance with safety.
3, silicon nitride ceramics bending strength prepared by the present invention is up to 700-900MPa, fracture toughness 6.5-8MPa1/2, heat
Conductance is more than 100W/mK, and linear expansion coefficient is close with silicon, meets the requirement of ceramic substrate material, it is ensured that as electronics
The reliability of encapsulating material.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of workflow of the preparation method first step of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics in the embodiment of the present invention 1
Schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a kind of back scattering picture of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics prepared in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of preparation methods of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics comprising following steps:
The silicon nitride powder and the carbon dust are respectively put into boron nitride crucible, are positioned over alumina tube by the first step
In stove, with the heating rate of 5-10 DEG C/min, 4-8h is handled at a temperature of 1200 DEG C -1400 DEG C in nitrogen reaction atmosphere, is reacted
After furnace temperature natural cooling, processed powder is ground up, sieved;
Second step mixes beta-silicon nitride powder described in the first step with sintering aid under the action of blending agent, mixing knot
Dry after beam, sieving, obtains powder;Wherein, the sintering aid is binary complex sintering aids, and the binary is complex sintered
Auxiliary agent includes rare earth oxide and alkaline earth metal compound, and the rare earth oxide is Y2O3、Yb2O3、Gd2O3、Nd2O3In one
Kind, the alkaline earth metal compound is MgO, MgSiN2Or MgF2In one kind, and the beta-silicon nitride powder, the rare-earth oxidation
The molar ratio of object and the alkaline earth metal compound is 95-89:4-6:1-5;The blending agent is isopropanol, the isopropanol
Weight ratio with the beta-silicon nitride powder is 1-1.5:1, incorporation time is 20-26 hours, is first revolved at 55-75 DEG C after mixing
Become a cadre dry, it is then 3-5 hours dry with 110-130 DEG C in vacuum drying oven, cross 100 mesh nylon mesh after dry;
Third walks, and the powder is dry-pressing formed using punching block, then carries out cold isostatic compaction, forming pressure 200-
500MPa, molding time 100-300s obtain silicon nitride ceramics green compact after molding;
The silicon nitride ceramics green compact are carried out gas pressure sintering by the 4th step, and the process conditions of the gas pressure sintering are, with nitrogen
Gas is sintering atmosphere, and under conditions of air pressure is 0.9-1.5Mpa, 1700-2000 DEG C is warming up to the rate of 5-15 DEG C/min, and
1.5-20h is kept the temperature, silicon nitride ceramic material is obtained.
Beta-silicon nitride powder is carried out to deoxidation treatment in the present embodiment in nitrogen, is prepared using processed beta-silicon nitride powder
High heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics are one of the committed steps for improving silicon nitride ceramics thermal conductivity.
Fig. 1 is referred to,
Fig. 1 is a kind of workflow signal of the preparation method first step of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics in the present embodiment
Figure;
Fig. 2 is a kind of back scattering picture of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics prepared in the present embodiment.
Under the high temperature conditions, reaction gas and carbon and powder surface SiO2It is reacted, generates silicon nitride, chemical equation is
3SiO2+6C+2N2=Si3N4+ 6CO makes powder surface SiO2Layer is thinning, and powder oxygen content reduces, and has in later stage sintering process
Conducive to the oxygen content reduced in lattice and in Grain-Boundary Phase, to improve the thermal conductivity of silicon nitride.
Therefore, the present embodiment provides a kind of preparation methods of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics by being taken off to beta-silicon nitride powder
Oxygen processing so that original powder oxygen content is lower, and lattice oxygen content degree higher is reduced in sintering process, is more advantageous to and avoids
Phon scattering, to improve the thermal conductivity of silicon nitride ceramics.Meanwhile silicon nitride ceramics bending strength manufactured in the present embodiment is up to
700-900MPa, fracture toughness 6.5-8MPa1/2, for thermal conductivity more than 100W/mK, linear expansion coefficient is close with silicon, meets pottery
The requirement of porcelain baseplate material, it is ensured that as the reliability of electronic package material, and with high heat conductance, good thermal shock resistance
Energy and high temperature resistance, it is safe to use, it is a kind of silicon nitride ceramic substrate material with excellent power, heat, electric comprehensive performance.
Embodiment 2
It is in place of the present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 1, nitrogen reaction atmosphere ammonia reaction atmosphere described in the first step
It substitutes, other are same as Example 1.Ammonia processing equally can carry out deoxidation, ammonia and beta-silicon nitride powder to beta-silicon nitride powder
The silicon dioxide layer on surface is reacted, and reaction mechanism is different from embodiment 1, but the purpose of deoxidation is identical with result, can also carry
The thermal conductivity of high sintered silicon nitride.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a kind of preparation methods of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics comprising following steps:
The silicon nitride powder and the carbon dust are respectively put into boron nitride crucible, are positioned over alumina tube by the first step
In stove, with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, 4h is handled at a temperature of 1200 DEG C DEG C in nitrogen reaction atmosphere, after reaction furnace temperature
Processed powder is ground up, sieved by natural cooling;
Second step mixes beta-silicon nitride powder described in the first step with sintering aid under the action of blending agent, mixing knot
Dry after beam, sieving, obtains powder;Wherein, the sintering aid is binary complex sintering aids, and the binary is complex sintered
Auxiliary agent includes rare earth oxide and alkaline earth metal compound, and the rare earth oxide is Y2O3, the alkaline earth metal compound is
MgO, and the molar ratio of the beta-silicon nitride powder, the rare earth oxide and the alkaline earth metal compound is 95:4:1, it is described
Blending agent is isopropanol, and the weight ratio of the isopropanol and the beta-silicon nitride powder is 1:1, incorporation time is 20 hours, is mixed
It is first rotarily dried at 55 DEG C after conjunction, it is then 3 hours dry with 110 DEG C in vacuum drying oven, cross 100 mesh nylon after dry
Sieve;
Third walks, and the powder is dry-pressing formed using punching block, then carries out cold isostatic compaction, forming pressure 200MPa,
Molding time 100s obtains silicon nitride ceramics green compact after molding;
The silicon nitride ceramics green compact are carried out gas pressure sintering by the 4th step, and the process conditions of the gas pressure sintering are, with nitrogen
Gas is that sintering atmosphere is warming up to 1700 DEG C with the rate of 5 DEG C/min, and keep the temperature 1.5h, obtains under conditions of air pressure is 0.9Mpa
Silicon nitride ceramic material.
Therefore, the present embodiment provides a kind of preparation methods of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics by being taken off to beta-silicon nitride powder
Oxygen processing so that original powder oxygen content is lower, and lattice oxygen content degree higher is reduced in sintering process, is more advantageous to and avoids
Phon scattering, to improve the thermal conductivity of silicon nitride ceramics.Meanwhile silicon nitride ceramics bending strength manufactured in the present embodiment is up to
700-900MPa, fracture toughness 6.5-8MPa1/2, for thermal conductivity more than 100W/mK, linear expansion coefficient is close with silicon, meets pottery
The requirement of porcelain baseplate material, it is ensured that as the reliability of electronic package material, and with high heat conductance, good thermal shock resistance
Energy and high temperature resistance, it is safe to use, it is a kind of silicon nitride ceramic substrate material with excellent power, heat, electric comprehensive performance.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment provides a kind of preparation methods of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics comprising following steps:
The silicon nitride powder and the carbon dust are respectively put into boron nitride crucible, are positioned over alumina tube by the first step
In stove, with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, 8h is handled at a temperature of 1400 DEG C in nitrogen reaction atmosphere, after reaction furnace temperature from
It is so cooling, processed powder is ground up, sieved;
Second step mixes beta-silicon nitride powder described in the first step with sintering aid under the action of blending agent, mixing knot
Dry after beam, sieving, obtains powder;Wherein, the sintering aid is binary complex sintering aids, and the binary is complex sintered
Auxiliary agent includes rare earth oxide and alkaline earth metal compound, and the rare earth oxide is Yb2O3, the alkaline earth metal compound is
MgSiN2, and the molar ratio of the beta-silicon nitride powder, the rare earth oxide and the alkaline earth metal compound is 90:4:2, institute
Blending agent is stated as isopropanol, the weight ratio of the isopropanol and the beta-silicon nitride powder is 1:1.5, incorporation time is 26 small
When, it is first rotarily dried at 55 DEG C after mixing, it is then 5 hours dry with 130 DEG C in vacuum drying oven, cross 100 mesh after dry
Nylon mesh;
Third walks, and the powder is dry-pressing formed using punching block, then carries out cold isostatic compaction, forming pressure 500MPa,
Molding time 300s obtains silicon nitride ceramics green compact after molding;
The silicon nitride ceramics green compact are carried out gas pressure sintering by the 4th step, and the process conditions of the gas pressure sintering are, with nitrogen
Gas is that sintering atmosphere is warming up to 2000 DEG C with the rate of 15 DEG C/min, and keep the temperature 20h, obtains under conditions of air pressure is 1.5Mpa
Silicon nitride ceramic material.
Therefore, the present embodiment provides a kind of preparation methods of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics by being taken off to beta-silicon nitride powder
Oxygen processing so that original powder oxygen content is lower, and lattice oxygen content degree higher is reduced in sintering process, is more advantageous to and avoids
Phon scattering, to improve the thermal conductivity of silicon nitride ceramics.Meanwhile silicon nitride ceramics bending strength manufactured in the present embodiment is up to
700-900MPa, fracture toughness 6.5-8MPa1/2, for thermal conductivity more than 100W/mK, linear expansion coefficient is close with silicon, meets pottery
The requirement of porcelain baseplate material, it is ensured that as the reliability of electronic package material, and with high heat conductance, good thermal shock resistance
Energy and high temperature resistance, it is safe to use, it is a kind of silicon nitride ceramic substrate material with excellent power, heat, electric comprehensive performance.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment provides a kind of preparation methods of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics comprising following steps:
The silicon nitride powder and the carbon dust are respectively put into boron nitride crucible, are positioned over alumina tube by the first step
In stove, with the heating rate of 8 DEG C/min, 6.5h is handled at a temperature of 1280 DEG C in nitrogen reaction atmosphere, after reaction furnace temperature
Processed powder is ground up, sieved by natural cooling;
Second step mixes beta-silicon nitride powder described in the first step with sintering aid under the action of blending agent, mixing knot
Dry after beam, sieving, obtains powder;Wherein, the sintering aid is binary complex sintering aids, and the binary is complex sintered
Auxiliary agent includes rare earth oxide and alkaline earth metal compound, and the rare earth oxide is Gd2O3, the alkaline earth metal compound is
MgSiN2, and the molar ratio of the beta-silicon nitride powder, the rare earth oxide and the alkaline earth metal compound is 91:5:3, institute
Blending agent is stated as isopropanol, the weight ratio of the isopropanol and the beta-silicon nitride powder is 1:1.2, incorporation time is 24 small
When, it is first rotarily dried at 55 DEG C after mixing, it is then 4 hours dry with 120 DEG C in vacuum drying oven, cross 100 mesh after dry
Nylon mesh;
Third walks, and the powder is dry-pressing formed using punching block, then carries out cold isostatic compaction, forming pressure 400MPa,
Molding time 180s obtains silicon nitride ceramics green compact after molding;
The silicon nitride ceramics green compact are carried out gas pressure sintering by the 4th step, and the process conditions of the gas pressure sintering are, with nitrogen
Gas is that sintering atmosphere is warming up to 1850 DEG C with the rate of 12 DEG C/min, and keep the temperature 9h, obtains under conditions of air pressure is 1.1Mpa
Silicon nitride ceramic material.
Therefore, the present embodiment provides a kind of preparation methods of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics by being taken off to beta-silicon nitride powder
Oxygen processing so that original powder oxygen content is lower, and lattice oxygen content degree higher is reduced in sintering process, is more advantageous to and avoids
Phon scattering, to improve the thermal conductivity of silicon nitride ceramics.Meanwhile silicon nitride ceramics bending strength manufactured in the present embodiment is up to
700-900MPa, fracture toughness 6.5-8MPa1/2, for thermal conductivity more than 100W/mK, linear expansion coefficient is close with silicon, meets pottery
The requirement of porcelain baseplate material, it is ensured that as the reliability of electronic package material, and with high heat conductance, good thermal shock resistance
Energy and high temperature resistance, it is safe to use, it is a kind of silicon nitride ceramic substrate material with excellent power, heat, electric comprehensive performance.
Embodiment 6
It is in place of the present embodiment and the difference of embodiment 3, the sintering aid is binary complex sintering aids, and described
Binary complex sintering aids include rare earth oxide and alkaline earth metal compound, and the rare earth oxide is Nd2O3, the alkaline earth
Metallic compound is MgF2, and the molar ratio of the beta-silicon nitride powder, the rare earth oxide and the alkaline earth metal compound
It is 93:5:4, other are same as Example 5.
Although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art,
It still can be with technical scheme described in the above embodiments is modified, or is carried out to which part technical characteristic etc.
With replacing, all within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in this
Within the protection domain of invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics, which is characterized in that
Silicon nitride powder is carried out deoxidation treatment, natural cooling, and gained beta-silicon nitride powder is ground up, sieved by the first step;
Second step mixes beta-silicon nitride powder described in the first step with sintering aid, after mixing under the action of blending agent
Dry, sieving, obtains powder;
Third walks, and the powder pressing is molded, silicon nitride ceramics green compact are obtained;
The silicon nitride ceramics green compact are carried out gas pressure sintering, obtain silicon nitride ceramic material by the 4th step.
2. the preparation method of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that deoxidation described in the first step
The technique of processing is to be respectively put into the silicon nitride powder and carbon dust in different crucibles, be positioned in tube furnace, with 5-10
DEG C/heating rate of min, in reaction atmosphere 4-8h is handled at a temperature of 1200 DEG C -1400 DEG C.
3. the preparation method of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the reaction atmosphere is
Nitrogen or ammonia.
4. the preparation method of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that be sintered described in second step
Auxiliary agent is binary complex sintering aids, and the binary complex sintering aids include rare earth oxide and alkaline earth metal compound.
5. the preparation method of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the rare earth oxide
It is Y2O3、Yb2O3、Gd2O3、Nd2O3In one kind, the alkaline earth metal compound is MgO, MgSiN2Or MgF2In one kind.
6. the preparation method of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics as described in claim 4 or 5, which is characterized in that described in second step
The molar ratio of beta-silicon nitride powder, the rare earth oxide and the alkaline earth metal compound is 95-89:4-6:1-5.
7. the preparation method of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that mixed described in second step
Medium is isopropanol, and the weight ratio of the isopropanol and the beta-silicon nitride powder is 1-1.5:1.
8. the preparation method of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that dry described in second step
Process be, first rotarily dried at 55-75 DEG C, it is then 3-5 hours dry with 110-130 DEG C in vacuum drying oven.
9. a kind of preparation method of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described in third step
The process conditions of compression moulding are first to use punching block dry-pressing formed, then carry out cold isostatic compaction, forming pressure 200-
500MPa, molding time 100-300s.
10. a kind of preparation method of high heat conductivity silicon nitride ceramics as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the 4th step,
The process conditions of the gas pressure sintering are, using nitrogen as sintering atmosphere, air pressure be 0.9-1.5Mpa under conditions of, with 5-15 DEG C/
The rate of min is warming up to 1700-2000 DEG C, and keeps the temperature 1.5-20h.
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CN112209722A (en) * | 2020-09-08 | 2021-01-12 | 衡阳凯新特种材料科技有限公司 | Silicon nitride composite material, preparation method thereof and heating element |
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CN111943683A (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2020-11-17 | 威海圆环先进陶瓷股份有限公司 | Silicon nitride conductive ceramic and preparation method thereof |
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CN112142476B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-10-01 | 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 | Silicon thermal reduction method for improving thermal conductivity and mechanical property of silicon nitride ceramic substrate material |
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CN116553936A (en) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-08-08 | 衡阳凯新特种材料科技有限公司 | Ultrahigh-temperature vacuum-resistant silicon nitride ceramic material and preparation method thereof |
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