CN108579695A - 一种吸附铱的吸附剂及脱附方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种吸附铱的吸附剂及其脱附方法,所述吸附剂通过将含磷高分子材料进行碳化处理,制备得到含磷多孔材料的吸附铱的吸附剂。所述高分子材料选自合成树脂或生物质材料,生物质材料为磷酸处理的含磷基团的藻类;合成树脂为氨基磷酸树脂。本发明以具有含磷基团的多孔材料作为吸附剂,可以对金属铱进行选择性吸附,通过碱洗该吸附剂进行脱附,实现金属铱的循环利用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及有机化学技术领域,涉及一种用于吸附铱的吸附剂及其使用方法。
背景技术
贵金属由于其本身的价值以及独特的物理、化学性质,在电子电器、航空航天等科技和工业领域被人们所重视。作为大部分贵金属依赖进口的中国来说,在电子设备的制造工艺和用贵金属电镀的工艺中,产品清洗液的废液中都可能会包含贵金属,许多使用过报废的含贵金属的材料随意丢弃,从经济效益和环境保护角度而言,都需要回收贵金属。没有很好的回收利用或者处理这些贵金属,不仅造成稀有资源浪费还将会污染环境影响生物体的健康。贵金属作为一种重金属进入生物体内后容易使蛋白质变性、破坏细胞壁、改变细胞通透性、抑制酶的活性等,有效的回收再利用可以很好的解决这一问题,既节约了资源又减少了污染。所以,研究回收液相中的贵金属方法是十分有意义的。
液相中贵金属离子分离的主要方法有:离子交换法、渗透法、活性炭吸附法、化学沉淀法、萃取法、电渗析法、膜滤法以及吸附法等。但是这些方法操作不便、成本高、效率不高、可持续性不强。目前铱作为一种贵金属在很多行业的用途越来越广,而铱本身的性质决定了铱相对难以回收利用。
因此发明一种简单、廉价的定向回收贵金属铱的方法很有必要。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的问题在于针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种具有含磷基团的多孔材料作为吸附剂,可以对金属铱进行选择性吸附,通过碱洗该吸附剂进行脱附,实现金属铱的循环利用,及该多孔材料的制备方法和使用方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明第一方面提供吸附铱的吸附剂,通过将含磷的高分子材料进行碳化处理,制备得到含磷多孔材料的吸附铱的吸附剂。
本发明优选的技术方案中,所述含磷的高分子材料选自含磷合成树脂或含磷生物质材料。
本发明优选的技术方案中,将碳化后的含磷高分子材料用双氧水或水蒸气活化。
本发明优选的技术方案中,含磷生物质材料为磷酸处理的含磷基团的藻类。所述含磷合成树脂为氨基磷酸树脂,含磷酚醛树脂,含磷环氧树脂。
本发明优选的技术方案中,所述的碳化处理,为在750-850℃下碳化处理。
本发明优选的技术方案中,所述含磷多孔材料为粉末或颗粒状。
本发明第二方面提供前述的含磷多孔材料用于吸附铱。
本发明第三方面提供前述的吸附铱的吸附剂的脱附方法,其特征在于,吸附铱后的含磷多孔材料在碱性条件下进行脱附,实现铱的循环利用。优选地,吸附铱后的含磷多孔材料在pH=9~12的碱性液体中,20-80℃搅拌一段时间,如2~12小时,然后过滤。滤液使用ICP测量铱含量在0.95%以上,脱除率为95%以上。
本发明优选的技术方案中,将吸附铱后的含磷多孔材料焚烧灰化进行金属铱的回收。
本发明的含磷多孔材料用于吸附铱,将含磷多孔材料放入含铱的废液中,进行吸附。废液中铱的浓度1至10000ppm,最终吸附达到铱含量至1ppm以下。
现有的吸附树脂用于吸附时,无法在有机溶剂体系中使用,且在多种贵金属同时混合进行吸附回收时,很难将贵金属单独分离出来。但本发明中含磷合成树脂经过碳化之后,则克服了上述缺陷,可以对金属铱进行选择性吸附,通过碱洗该吸附剂进行脱附。
本发明以具有含磷基团的多孔材料作为吸附剂,可以对金属铱进行选择性吸附,通过碱洗该吸附剂进行脱附,实现金属铱的循环利用。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解,以下将通过具体的实施例对本发明进行详细地描述。需要特别指出的是,这些描述仅仅是示例性的描述,并不构成对本发明范围的限制。依据本说明书的论述,本发明的许多变化、改变对所属领域技术人员来说都是显而易见的。
实施例1
使用磷酸处理含磷基团的藻类,在20~100℃下酸化2分钟,在800℃下碳化,碳化后使用双氧水或水蒸气活化,得到含磷基团多孔材料。这里的藻类可以是含磷基团的蓝藻。
实施例2
将氨基磷酸树脂在800℃下碳化,碳化后使用双氧水或水蒸气活化,得到含磷基团多孔材料。
实施例3
将实施例1和2制得的含磷基团多孔材料10克,分别加入100ml含铱1克的废液中,搅拌12小时。过滤,将滤液使用ICP测量铱含量均为1ppm以下。
实施例4
将实施例3中吸附铱后的多孔材料加入100mlpH=9~12的碱性液体中,80℃搅拌2~12小时,过滤,滤液使用ICP测量铱含量在0.95%以上,脱除率为95%以上。
实施例5
将将实施例1的含磷基团多孔材料,加入粘结剂,使用挤条机制成柱状颗粒,将含1%铱的废液缓慢通过该颗粒填充的反应器,使用ICP测量出口处液体含铱量在1ppm以下。
实施例6
将实施例5中吸附铱后的多孔材料进行焙烧,对烧后灰分进行金属量测量,灰分含有80%以上的铱粉。
实施例7
将含磷酚醛树脂在810℃下碳化,碳化后使用双氧水或水蒸气活化,得到含磷基团多孔材料。
实施例8
将含磷环氧树脂在805℃下碳化,碳化后使用双氧水或水蒸气活化,得到含磷基团多孔材料。
上述实例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人是能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变换或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.吸附铱的吸附剂,其特征在于,将含磷的高分子材料进行碳化处理,制备得到含磷多孔材料的吸附铱的吸附剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸附剂,其特征在于,所述含磷的高分子材料选自含磷合成树脂或含磷生物质材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的吸附剂,其特征在于,含磷生物质材料为磷酸处理的含磷基团的藻类,所述含磷合成树脂选自氨基磷酸树脂、含磷酚醛树脂、含磷环氧树脂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的吸附剂,其特征在于,所述的碳化处理,为在750-850℃下碳化处理。
5.根据权利要求1所述的吸附剂,其特征在于,将碳化后的含磷高分子材料用双氧水或水蒸气活化。
6.根据权利要求1所述的吸附剂,所述含磷多孔材料为粉末或颗粒状。
7.如权利要求1-6任一项所述的含磷多孔材料用于吸附铱。
8.如权利要求1-6任一项所述的吸附铱的吸附剂的脱附方法,其特征在于,将吸附铱后的含磷多孔材料在碱性条件下进行脱附。
9.根据权利要求8所述的脱附方法,其特征在于,吸附铱后的含磷多孔材料在pH=9~12的碱性液体中,20-80℃搅拌一段时间进行脱附。
10.如权利要求1-6任一项所述的吸附铱的吸附剂的脱附方法,其特征在于,将吸附铱后的含磷多孔材料焚烧灰化进行金属铱的回收。
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