CN108570577B - Preparation method of high-strength titanium alloy wire - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-strength titanium alloy wire Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
- B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
- B21C37/047—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire of fine wires
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of material science, and relates to a preparation method of a high-strength titanium alloy wire. The titanium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al: 6.3-7; mo: 3.5 to 4.5; v: 5.5 to 6.5; nb: 1.5-2.5; fe: 0.5 to 1.5; c is less than or equal to 0.05; o is less than or equal to 0.13; n is less than or equal to 0.05; h is less than or equal to 0.015; ti-the rest. The invention adopts the alloy which keeps higher plasticity and toughness at higher strength, and alternately uses the temperature above and below the phase transition point in the ingot cogging and rolling processes, thereby ensuring that the original crystal grains are fully crushed, the structure is more uniform and fine, and the invention is more beneficial to obtaining high-performance wire materials. The whole processing process does not need a special annealing process, and continuous rolling or furnace returning and rolling can be adopted below the phase change point, so that the process is simplified, the period is shortened, and the cost is reduced. In addition, the processed wire can obtain excellent comprehensive performance with tensile strength of more than 1500MPa, elongation of more than 8 percent and shearing performance of more than 950MPa through specified heat treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material science, and relates to a preparation method of a high-strength titanium alloy wire.
Background
In order to meet the requirements of weight reduction, energy consumption reduction, corrosion resistance improvement, excellent matching property with carbon fiber composite materials and the like of airplanes, titanium alloy fasteners have become essential key connecting pieces for advanced civil airliners and military airplanes. Under the same strength index, the titanium alloy fastener is 30-40% lighter than a steel fastener, the usage amount of one airplane fastener is hundreds of thousands and even millions, and the weight reduction effect is considerable. At present, the TC4 titanium alloy fastener is the titanium alloy fastener which is most widely applied, has the largest dosage and is most reliable to use on military and civil aircrafts at home and abroad. With the successful research and development and operation of large-scale airplanes such as Boeing 787, Airbus A380 and the like, titanium alloy fasteners with high load capacity are more and more valued, and the using amount is more and more large. Because TC4 is alpha-beta type two-phase titanium alloy with medium strength and is limited by hardenability, the TC4 titanium alloy bar has small strength margin after solid solution aging, and cannot completely meet the requirement of high bearing capacity of a fastener. Therefore, the development of titanium alloy fasteners with higher strength performance has become a hot research focus in various countries, wherein the preparation of titanium alloy wires for high-strength fasteners is the primary key.
A large amount of relevant research work is carried out at home and abroad aiming at the urgent demand of the titanium alloy fastener, wherein the selected alloy and performance indexes of the successfully developed medium-high strength titanium alloy fastener are shown in the table 1. As can be seen, the strength of the fasteners in widespread use is currently predominantly in the 1100MPa class, and TB8 titanium alloy fasteners are typical of the high-strength titanium alloy fasteners developed, reaching the 1250MPa class, which has not yet fully satisfied the demand for higher load-bearing capacity. Along with the increase of strength in the preparation of the titanium alloy wire, the plasticity of the titanium alloy is obviously reduced, the subsequent fastener is more difficult to form, the defects of burrs and the like are easily formed on the surface of the thread, and the surface integrity is difficult to ensure. In addition, the shearing resistance of the stress characteristic of the fastener in use is an important index for examination. Therefore, how to prepare titanium alloy wires with higher strength while maintaining good plasticity and shearing performance becomes a technical problem.
TABLE 1 titanium alloy for fasteners and Main technical indices
Note: m-annealed state; STA-solid solution aging state; ST-solid solution state
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel high-strength titanium alloy wire preparation method developed aiming at the requirements of high-strength titanium alloy fasteners. The technical scheme of the invention is that the titanium alloy wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: :
al: 6.3-7; mo: 3.5 to 4.5; v: 5.5 to 6.5; nb: 1.5-2.5; fe: 0.5 to 1.5; c is less than or equal to 0.05; o is less than or equal to 0.13; n is less than or equal to 0.05; h is less than or equal to 0.015; ti-the rest, and the specific process flow is as follows:
(1) heating at 1150 +/-10 ℃, and performing cogging forging on the smelted titanium alloy ingot for at least two upsetting and two drawing steps by calculating the heat preservation time at 0.5-0.8 min/mm to process the smelted titanium alloy ingot into a forged rod;
(2) heating at the temperature of 1000 +/-10 ℃, and forging the forged rod by at least two upsetting and two drawing processes, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated as 0.5-0.8 min/mm;
(3) removing surface cracks of the forged rod by peeling, folding, rounding at one end, and placing at Tβ-50℃～TβKeeping the temperature within the temperature range of minus 30 ℃, calculating the heat preservation time to be 0.6 min/mm-1.0 min/mm, carrying out two-pass hot rolling deformation on the bar, wherein the final rolling temperature is more than or equal to 720 ℃, and directly returning to the furnace at T when the temperature is lower than 720 ℃ after one-pass rolling deformationβ-50℃～TβKeeping the temperature at a temperature range of minus 30 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated by 0.3min/mm to 0.5 min/mm;
(4) at Tβ+5℃～TβHeating at 10 ℃, and performing one-time hot rolling deformation on the rolled bar, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated as 0.5 min/mm-0.8 min/mm;
(5) at Tβ-50℃～TβKeeping the temperature within the temperature range of minus 30 ℃, calculating the heat preservation time to be 0.6 min/mm-1.0 min/mm, carrying out multi-pass rolling on the rolled bar, wherein the final rolling temperature is more than or equal to 720 ℃, and directly returning to the furnace at T when the temperature is lower than 720 ℃ before reaching the specified required sizeβ-50℃～TβKeeping the temperature within the temperature range of minus 30 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated to be 0.3min/mm to 0.5min/mm until the final required size is reached;
(6) rolling the rolled wire material in Tβ-70℃～TβSolution treatment is carried out at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, and then the solution treatment is carried out at the temperature of 500 ℃ to up toAnd carrying out aging treatment at the temperature range of 550 ℃ to obtain the titanium alloy wire.
The titanium alloy wire is used for preparing a fastener.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects
According to the process, the Al percentage of the alloy is 6.3-7, the alloy has high aluminum equivalent, and the ternary isomorphous beta stable elements of Mo, V and Nb are used for reinforcement, so that high plasticity and toughness are maintained at the time of obtaining high strength. The temperature above and below the phase transition point is alternately used in the ingot cogging and rolling processes, so that the original crystal grains are fully crushed, the structure is more uniform and fine, and the high-performance wire material is more favorably obtained. The whole processing process does not need a special annealing process, and continuous rolling or furnace returning and rolling can be adopted below the phase change point, so that the process is simplified, the period is shortened, and the cost is reduced. In addition, the processed wire can obtain excellent comprehensive performance with tensile strength of more than 1500MPa, elongation of more than 8 percent and shearing performance of more than 950MPa through specified heat treatment.
Detailed Description
The alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al: 6.3-7; mo: 3.5 to 4.5; v: 5.5 to 6.5; nb: 1.5-2.5; fe: 0.5 to 1.5; c is less than or equal to 0.05; o is less than or equal to 0.13; n is less than or equal to 0.05; h is less than or equal to 0.015; ti-the rest. The aluminum content is improved, and meanwhile, the ternary and isomorphous beta stable elements are adopted, so that higher plasticity and toughness are kept when higher strength is obtained. A preparation process of the titanium alloy wire is developed according to the characteristics of the alloy.
(1) Heating at 1150 +/-10 ℃, and performing cogging forging on the smelted titanium alloy ingot for at least two upsetting and two drawing steps by calculating the heat preservation time at 0.5-0.8 min/mm to process the smelted titanium alloy ingot into a forged rod;
(2) heating at the temperature of 1000 +/-10 ℃, and forging the forged rod by at least two upsetting and two drawing processes, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated as 0.5-0.8 min/mm;
(3) removing surface cracks of the forged rod by peeling, folding, rounding at one end, and placing at Tβ-50℃～TβKeeping the temperature within the temperature range of minus 30 ℃, calculating the heat preservation time to be 0.6 min/mm-1.0 min/mm, carrying out two-pass hot rolling deformation on the bar, and carrying out final rollingThe temperature is more than or equal to 720 ℃, and if the temperature is lower than 720 ℃ after one-time rolling deformation, the steel is directly returned to the furnace at Tβ-50℃～TβKeeping the temperature at a temperature range of minus 30 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated by 0.3min/mm to 0.5 min/mm;
(4) at Tβ+5℃～TβHeating at 10 ℃, and performing one-time hot rolling deformation on the rolled bar, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated as 0.5 min/mm-0.8 min/mm;
(5) at Tβ-50℃～TβAnd (3) carrying out heat preservation within a temperature range of minus 30 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated as 0.6 min/mm-1.0 min/mm, carrying out one-pass rolling on the rolled bar, and if the final rolling temperature is not lower than 720 ℃, directly carrying out the second-pass rolling, and repeating the steps until the required size is reached. Wherein if the temperature is lower than 720 ℃ before the specified required size is reached, the furnace can be directly returned to Tβ-50℃～TβKeeping the temperature within a temperature range of minus 30 ℃, calculating the heat preservation time to be 0.3 min/mm-0.5 min/mm, and continuously rolling until the final required size is reached;
(6) rolling the rolled wire material in Tβ-70℃～TβCarrying out solid solution treatment at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, and then carrying out aging treatment at the temperature of 500-550 ℃ to obtain the titanium alloy wire.
The titanium alloy wire is used for preparing a fastener.
Example 1
And preparing a cast ingot with the diameter of 230mm by adopting a three-time vacuum consumable melting process. The ingot composition is shown in table 2. Measured phase change point TβIs 868 ℃.
TABLE 2 analysis results of the upper, middle and lower chemical compositions of the alloys
| Al | V | Mo | Nb | Fe | C | O | N | H | |
| On the upper part | 6.52 | 5.97 | 3.9 | 1.99 | 1.08 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.007 | 0.0005 |
| In | 6.64 | 5.93 | 3.95 | 2.06 | 0.99 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.008 | 0.0005 |
| Lower part | 6.68 | 6.01 | 3.8 | 1.93 | 0.99 | 0.01 | 0.10 | 0.006 | 0.0005 |
Heating and insulating the cast ingot at 1150 ℃, wherein the insulating time is 140min calculated according to 0.6min/mm, performing two-upsetting and two-drawing on the cast ingot, drawing to phi 220mm +/-10 mm, chamfering, rounding and air cooling. Heating the forged rod at 1000 deg.C for 130min according to 0.6min/mm, upsetting and drawing the forged rod to phi 180mm + -10 mm, chamfering, rounding, and air cooling. And peeling off the forging rod, removing surface forging defects, and chamfering R20. Forging the scalped bar at TβHeating and maintaining at-38 deg.C (830 deg.C), with the maintaining time being 130min calculated according to 0.7 min/mm. Rolling on a three-roller spiral rolling mill for two times from phi 180mm to phi 140mm, then rolling from phi 140mm to phi 110mm, and air cooling. Rolling the rod at TβHeating and maintaining at +10 deg.C, i.e. 878 deg.C for 66min according to 0.6 min/mm. Rolling from phi 110mm to phi 80mm on a three-roller spiral rolling mill, and air cooling. Rolling the rod at TβHeating and preserving heat at minus 38 ℃, namely 830 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is 56min calculated according to 0.7min/mm, carrying out multi-pass rolling on a three-roll spiral rolling mill, wherein the diameter is 80 mm-50 mm-30 mm-23 mm-18 mm-13 mm-8 mm, returning and preserving heat when the temperature is lower than 720 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 0.5min/mm, so that the diameter of the rolled wire is 8 mm. The wire was subjected to solution aging treatment according to a heat treatment schedule of 800 ℃ for 2 hours, water cooling +540 ℃ for 6 hours, and air cooling, and the properties of the wire measured are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 tensile Properties of 8 mm-diameter wire
| Numbering | σb/MPa | δ5/％ | Ψ/％ | τ/MPa |
| 1 | 1543 | 10.2 | 23.3 | 1024 |
| 2 | 1537 | 9.8 | 20.6 | 996 |
| 3 | 1558 | 11.4 | 21.2 | 985 |
Example 2
And preparing a phi 360mm ingot by adopting a three-time vacuum consumable melting process. The ingot composition is shown in Table 4. Measured phase change point TβThe temperature was 863 ℃.
TABLE 4 analysis results of upper, middle and lower chemical compositions of alloys
Heating and insulating the cast ingot at 1150 ℃, wherein the insulating time is 290min calculated according to 0.8min/mm, performing two-upsetting and two-drawing on the cast ingot, drawing to phi 270mm +/-10 mm, chamfering, rounding and air cooling. Heating the forged rod at 1000 deg.C for 220min according to 0.8min/mm, upsetting and drawing the forged rod to phi 190mm + -10 mm, chamfering, rounding, and air cooling. And peeling off the forging rod, removing surface forging defects, and chamfering R20. Forging the scalped bar at TβHeating and maintaining at-43 deg.C (820 deg.C), and maintaining at 190min according to 1.0 min/mm. Rolling the mixture on a three-roller spiral rolling mill for one pass from phi 190mm to phi 140 mm. And the time of the heat preservation of the melting furnace is 42min calculated by 0.3min/mm, and then one-time rolling is carried out, wherein the rolling is carried out from phi 140mm to phi 90mm, and air cooling is carried out. Rolling the rod at TβHeating and heat preservation are carried out at the temperature of +5 ℃, namely 868 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 72min calculated according to 0.8 min/mm. Rolling from phi 90mm to phi 60mm on a three-roller spiral rolling mill, and air cooling. Rolling the rod at TβHeating and preserving heat at the temperature of minus 43 ℃, namely 820 ℃, wherein the preserving heat time is 60min calculated according to 1.0min/mm, carrying out multi-pass rolling on a three-roll mill, wherein the diameter is 60 mm-phi 40 mm-phi 27 mm-phi 23 mm-phi 19 mm-phi 15mm, carrying out furnace returning and preserving heat when the temperature is lower than 720 ℃, the preserving heat time is 0.4min/mm, and the diameter of the finally rolled wire is phi 15 mm. The wire was subjected to solution aging treatment according to a thermal treatment schedule of 815 ℃, 2 hours, water cooling +530 ℃, 6 hours, and air cooling, and the properties of the wire were measured as shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 tensile Properties of 15mm diameter wire
| Numbering | σb/MPa | δ5/％ | Ψ/％ | τ/MPa |
| 4 | 1573 | 9.6 | 23.7 | 979 |
| 5 | 1589 | 8.8 | 23.3 | 1016 |
| 6 | 1556 | 11.3 | 24.6 | 973 |
The above 2 examples fully demonstrate the inventive and stable nature of the process of the present invention. According to the invention, through alloy component innovation and process innovation, the high-strength titanium alloy wire achieves excellent comprehensive performance, and provides technical support for further preparing the high-strength titanium alloy fastener.
Claims (2)
1. A preparation method of a high-strength titanium alloy wire is characterized in that the titanium alloy wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: al: 6.3-7; mo: 3.5 to 4.5; v: 5.5 to 6.5; nb: 1.5-2.5; fe: 0.5 to 1.5; c is less than or equal to 0.05; o is less than or equal to 0.13; n is less than or equal to 0.05; h is less than or equal to 0.015; ti-the rest, and the specific process flow is as follows:
(1) heating at 1150 +/-10 ℃, and performing cogging forging on the smelted titanium alloy ingot for at least two upsetting and two drawing steps by calculating the heat preservation time at 0.5-0.8 min/mm to process the smelted titanium alloy ingot into a forged rod;
(2) heating at the temperature of 1000 +/-10 ℃, and forging the forged rod by at least two upsetting and two drawing processes, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated as 0.5-0.8 min/mm;
(3) removing surface cracks of the forged rod by peeling, folding, rounding at one end, and placing at Tβ-50℃～TβKeeping the temperature within the temperature range of minus 30 ℃, calculating the heat preservation time to be 0.6 min/mm-1.0 min/mm, carrying out two-pass hot rolling deformation on the bar, wherein the final rolling temperature is more than or equal to 720 ℃, and directly returning to the furnace at T when the temperature is lower than 720 ℃ after one-pass rolling deformationβ-50℃～TβKeeping the temperature at a temperature range of minus 30 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated by 0.3min/mm to 0.5 min/mm;
(4) at Tβ+5℃～TβHeating at 10 ℃, and performing one-time hot rolling deformation on the rolled bar, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated as 0.5 min/mm-0.8 min/mm;
(5) at Tβ-50℃～TβKeeping the temperature within the temperature range of minus 30 ℃, calculating the heat preservation time to be 0.6 min/mm-1.0 min/mm, carrying out multi-pass rolling on the rolled bar, wherein the final rolling temperature is more than or equal to 720 ℃, and directly returning to the furnace at T when the temperature is lower than 720 ℃ before reaching the specified required sizeβ-50℃～TβKeeping the temperature within the temperature range of minus 30 ℃, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated to be 0.3min/mm to 0.5min/mm until the final required size is reached;
(6) rolling the rolled wire material in Tβ-70℃～TβCarrying out solid solution treatment at the temperature of minus 30 ℃, and then carrying out aging treatment at the temperature of 500-550 ℃ to obtain the titanium alloy wire.
2. The method of making a high strength titanium alloy wire of claim 1, wherein said titanium alloy wire is used to make fasteners.
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