CN108569314A - Railway track circuit based on configuration technology and track switch monitoring system - Google Patents

Railway track circuit based on configuration technology and track switch monitoring system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108569314A
CN108569314A CN201810244763.9A CN201810244763A CN108569314A CN 108569314 A CN108569314 A CN 108569314A CN 201810244763 A CN201810244763 A CN 201810244763A CN 108569314 A CN108569314 A CN 108569314A
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configuration
module
plc
opc
variable
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CN108569314B (en
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郭顺生
许文祥
庞世宝
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61RAILWAYS
    • B61LGUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L23/00Control, warning, or like safety means along the route or between vehicles or vehicle trains

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of railway track circuit based on configuration technology and track switch monitoring systems, including PLC and external circuit module, OPC server modules, configuration projects module, preset heartbeat detection program;PLC and external circuit module include 24V direct currents multiple output switch electric power, PLC and expansion I/O module, external relay and input switching circuit;OPC server modules are configured by professional OPC softwares, are driven by the relevant device that OPC softwares provide, are read and write PLC variables, including OPC softwares, OPC configuration files;Configuration projects module is the graphical module based on Development of Configuration Software, and combines the read-write of OPC server-side variables and embedded C script logic programs, including global script module, graphic interface and configuration, variable configuration module.The present invention is based on configuration technology, the visual control to railway track circuit and track switch can be realized, there is stronger configurability and scalability, be conducive to the real-time monitored to railroad track and visualization supplements.

Description

Railway track circuit based on configuration technology and track switch monitoring system
Technical field
The present invention relates to railway monitoring field more particularly to a kind of railway track circuit and track switch prisons based on configuration technology Control system.
Background technology
With the development of information technology, automatic technology, efficient, real-time, accurate visual remote monitoring has become Industry-by-industry development important trend, original hand inspection, manual operation mode will gradually be substituted.Currently without special Door combines existing letter for railway track circuit and the visual remote monitoring system of track switch, existing mode with manual inspection Number system is monitored as major way, and this method can not monitor each correlated condition of railway track circuit and track switch in real time, Also lack convenience, when breaking down alarm, the reason of cannot finding to lead to failure in time, meanwhile, the judgement of testing staff Error can also influence the correct judgement to failure cause.
Invention content
It is existing insufficient it is an object of the invention to be directed to railway track circuit and track switch monitoring, it provides a kind of based on configuration The industrial railway track circuit and track switch monitoring system of technology.
The present invention to solve above-mentioned technical problem the technical solution adopted is that:Railway track circuit based on configuration technology and Track switch monitoring system, including PLC and external circuit module, OPC server modules, configuration projects module;The PLC and external electrical Road module includes 24V direct currents multiple output switch electric power, PLC and expansion I/O module, external relay and input switching circuit, pre- Set heartbeat detection program;The OPC server modules are configured by professional OPC softwares, are accordingly set by what OPC softwares provided Standby driving, reads and writes PLC variables, including OPC softwares, OPC configuration files;The configuration projects module is based on Development of Configuration Software Graphical module, and combine the read-write of OPC server-side variables and embedded C script logic programs, including global script module, figure Shape interface and configuration, variable configuration module.
The PLC and external circuit module include being opened for the 24V direct current multi outputs that PLC and external relay circuit are powered Powered-down source, for run control program and acquire variate-value PLC and expansion I/O module, for executing PLC control instructions and defeated Enter the external relay and input switching circuit, the preset heartbeat detection program for detecting communications status of external status, wherein The PLC includes ethernet communication module, CPU, included I/O modules;
The OPC server modules include profession OPC softwares, OPC configuration files, wherein the OPC softwares include PLC Ethernet communication OPC driving, the OPC configuration files include variable configuration file corresponding with address of variable in PLC, are directed to The configuration file of Ethernet OPC communications, the ethernet communication mould that OPC server-sides pass through computer ethernet communication module and PLC Block establishes communication connection using ethernet line;
The configuration projects module includes global script module, graphic interface and configuration, variable configuration module, wherein The overall situation script module for handling clobal, including communication check, custom item function, the graphic interface and Configuration include figure displaying interface, graphic variable bind, graphical event C scripts, the variable configuration module include built-in variable, External variable, system variable;
In the configuration projects module, the communication check of global script module is executed global dynamic using the setting clock cycle The mode of work, cycle reads the counter variable value in the PLC, if the value is different from a upper periodic quantity, is judging communication just Often, if the value and a upper cycle phase are same, judge that communication disconnects;
Include preset heartbeat detection program, the meter in the preset heartbeat detection programs of PLC in the PLC and external circuit module Number device is combined by multiple timers and switching variable, realization counter timing plus 1, after the maximum value for reaching setting, counter It resets, restarts to count, avoid OPC hapalonychias and configuration software carries the longer problem of communication state detection method delay, Effectively increase the real-time of communications status detection.
The PLC and expansion I/O module include that track circuit each section of signals of vehicles input, each segment signal lamp of track circuit are disconnected Silk detection input, track switch control output, switch status input, direction of traffic input, shift frequency alarm input, PLC and expansion I/O mould Each input and output point of block is corresponded with external circuit respectively;
The graphic interface of the configuration project and the image shows interface of configuration include header area, push-botton operation area, report Alert and message area, Drawing Object area, wherein message area is rolling form, once message, which corresponds to alarm, restores normal, message is automatic It leaves;
The graphic variable binding includes single argument binding and multivariable binding, and the Drawing Object of single argument binding is monotropic Magnitude directly with Drawing Object color, whether show it is corresponding, multivariable binding Drawing Object, using the side of given variable weights Method realizes that multiple binaries are converted into analog quantity, and figure object color is corresponded to the analog quantity;
The figure C scripts processing Drawing Object clicks control PLC output, control pattern object availability, control pattern Object is shown;
The Drawing Object area at the figure displaying interface of the configuration project and alarm and message area include each section of track circuit Whether there is vehicle, each segment signal lamp to show, each segment signal lamp whether stubble warning device, driving forwards/reverse, whether shift frequency alarm, road Trouble state (positioning/antiposition/squeeze trouble), whether alarm for a trailed switch, communication connection status, all alarms pop up in message area, restore It is left after normal.
The beneficial effect comprise that:The present invention lacks for existing railway track circuit and track switch monitoring system Real-time, convenience and failure reason analysis not in time the case where, propose a kind of special railway track circuit and track switch monitoring System.The system can effectively be directed to railway track circuit and track switch carry out in real time, visualize to obtain monitoring, for appearance therefore Barrier in time, is accurately alarmed, and is conducive to railway electrical section staff and is grasped railway track circuit and switch status, timely hair in real time The reason of now causing failure, and the system is based on configuration technology, has stronger configurability and scalability, is conducive to iron Road track circuit and track switch carry out larger range of monitoring and management.
Description of the drawings
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to the attached drawings and examples, in attached drawing:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of railway track circuit and track switch monitoring system based on configuration technology of the present invention Figure.
Fig. 2 is PLC and the outside of a kind of railway track circuit and track switch monitoring system based on configuration technology of the present invention Electrical block diagram.
Fig. 3 is the graphic interface of a kind of railway track circuit and track switch monitoring system based on configuration technology of the present invention And configuration schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention be more clear, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, to this hair It is bright to be further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, however it is not limited to Limit the present invention.
A kind of railway track circuit and track switch monitoring system based on configuration technology, as shown in Figure 1, including PLC and outside Circuit module, OPC server modules, configuration projects module.Wherein, including PLC and external circuit module and OPC server modules It is connected by ethernet line, OPC server modules are located at same computer with configuration projects module, are based on OPC protocol communications. It should be pointed out that the PLC used in this specific embodiment is the S7-200 of Siemens, OPC softwares are that the special OPC of S7-200 are soft Part PC Access, configuration software are the Wincc of Siemens.
PLC and external circuit module include Switching Power Supply, PLC and expansion I/O module, relay circuit and input switch electricity Road, preset heartbeat detection program are illustrated in figure 2 PLC and the connection of external circuit module in this specific embodiment.At this In specific embodiment, Switching Power Supply is used uniformly 24V direct current supplys, and the 24V direct current outputs of wherein PLC are probe power, can As 24V low current DC circuit power supplys;PLC carries the input of 14 digital quantities, 10 digital outputs, the demand of this specific embodiment For 18 digital outputs, therefore 3 digital quantity inputs, extend 8 digital quantity input modules as shown in Figure 2, wherein 1L, 2L, 3L are that PLC exports common end, and 1M, 2M are that PLC inputs common end, and M and L+ meet 24V DC power supplies 0V and 24V respectively;M0 ~M2 is output relay, their correspondences with PLC output ends are as shown in Fig. 2, wherein M0, M1, M2 control track switch respectively Positioning, antiposition and Operation switch;S0~S17 is input switch amount, their correspondences with PLC input terminals as shown in Fig. 2, its Middle S0, S1 are respectively positioning, antiposition input, and S2 is that direction inputs, and S3~S9 is the corresponding signal lamp electricity of 7 sections of track circuits Road inputs, and S10 frequency-shift signaling inputs, S11~S17 is the corresponding input of 7 sections of track circuits.The preset heartbeats of PLC The counter detected in program is combined by multiple timers and switching variable, is realized counter timing plus 1, is reached setting most After big value, counter resets restart to count.
OPC server modules include profession OPC softwares, OPC configuration files, wherein OPC softwares include the Ethernet of PLC OPC drivings are communicated, OPC configuration files include variable configuration file corresponding with address of variable in PLC, lead to for Ethernet OPC The configuration file of letter, OPC server-sides utilize Ethernet by computer ethernet communication module and the ethernet communication module of PLC Line establishes communication connection, and variable configuration is corresponding including the corresponding PLC address of variable of 18 inputs as shown in Figure 2,3 outputs Counter C1 in the preset heartbeat detection program of PLC address of variable, PLC.
Configuration projects module includes global script module, graphic interface and configuration, variable configuration module, wherein global For script module for handling clobal, including communication check, custom item function, graphic interface and configuration include figure Show that interface, graphic variable binding, graphical event C scripts, variable configuration module include built-in variable, external variable, system change Amount.The basic principle of communication check is:In such a way that the setting clock cycle executes global action, cycle is read in the PLC The value of counter C1 judge that communication is normal if the value is different from a upper periodic quantity, if the value and a upper cycle phase are same, Judge that communication disconnects.
Using the above-mentioned railway track circuit based on configuration technology and track switch monitoring system, according to actual demand to embodiment It is specifically described.As shown in figure 3, including following graphic interface and configuration content:
One, push-botton operation area.
The push-botton operation area include log off, positioning operation, flip operation, monolock/mono- solution, basic principle is respectively such as Under:
(1) it logs off.The operation needs to define button click event, and the system function for calling configuration software to provide, Realization exits monitoring interface and exits project.
(2) positioning operation.Positioning is a kind of location status of railway switch, control track switch arrive positioning states, need M0 with M2 is acted simultaneously, i.e., corresponding PLC output address Q0.0 and Q0.2 are exported simultaneously, as shown in figure 3, and keeping disconnecting after 1.5S defeated Go out, realizes based on Q0.0 in OPC protocol integrated test systems PLC and Q0.2 outputs and keep by writing event C scripts to the button.
(3) flip operation.Antiposition is a kind of location status of railway switch, control track switch arrive antiposition state, need M1 with M2 is acted simultaneously, i.e., corresponding PLC output address Q0.1 and Q0.2 are exported simultaneously, as shown in figure 3, and keeping disconnecting after 1.5S defeated Go out, realizes based on Q0.1 in OPC protocol integrated test systems PLC and Q0.2 outputs and keep by writing event C scripts to the button.
(4) monolock/mono- solution.Availability for controlling positioning, antiposition button defines an intrinsic BINARY variable TagS, as shown in figure 3, value singly solves when being 0, positioning, antiposition button are operable, are worth monolock when being 1, positioning, antiposition button can not Operation, the button show content by C Script controllings, display " single solution " when monolock state, single to show " monolock " when solving state, fixed Position, antiposition button availability attributes need bind TagS, availability attributes are automatically updated according to the variation of TagS values.
Two, Drawing Object area.
(1) positioning, antiposition status display.Reflect positioning, antiposition state respectively using 2 circular pattern objects, such as Fig. 3 institutes Show, positioning, antiposition state are codetermined by switch input S0 and S1, i.e., positioning, antiposition Drawing Object need to bind defeated in PLC Enter the corresponding variables of I0.0 and I0.1, corresponding variable name is respectively I00 and I01 in configuration project, and binding mode is " I00+2* I01 ", the value are an analog quantity, are worth positioning pattern display green, antiposition figure when being 1 and do not show, are worth antiposition figure when being 2 Show yellow, positioning pattern is not shown, i.e., when only input is located in the two, switch status is positioning, and only antiposition has defeated Fashionable, switch status is antiposition, other situations are alarm for a trailed switch, and when variable change, graphical display also changes therewith.
(2) track circuit is shown.Track circuit includes 7 sections, from left to right respectively 1G~7G, while being also train travel The forward direction in direction, corresponding input switch amount are S11~S17, corresponding PLC input variable address is I1.3, I1.4, I1.5, I2.4, I2.5, I2.6, I2.7, corresponding variable entitled I13, I14, I15, I24, I25, I26, I27 in configuration project, if respectively The corresponding variate-value of section track circuit is 1, that is, has input, this section of track circuit Drawing Object is displayed in red, and is otherwise shown bluish grey Color, wherein red indicates there is vehicle on the corresponding railroad track of this section of track circuit, if train is in 2 sections of track circuit intersections, Then this corresponding input variable value of 2 sections of track circuits is 1, Drawing Object is displayed in red, i.e. having car state.
(3) traffic light system.Every section of the track circuit separately includes one group of signal lamp, the status display of signal lamp There is vehicle situation when leading portion track and front track, therefore, corresponding input switch amount, PLC input variable address, configuration project In corresponding variable name also be respectively S11~S17, { I1.3, I1.4, I1.5, I2.4, I2.5, I2.6, I2.7 }, I13, I14, I15, I24, I25, I26, I27 }, shown with track circuit the difference is that, the display of signal lamp is by these variables and direction S2 (PLC inputs I0.2, configuration entry variable I02, is worth and indicates positive for 0, is worth and indicates reversed for 1) is inputted to codetermine, such as Fig. 3 It is shown, wherein every group of signal lamp includes two signal lamps, and each group traffic light system logic is as shown in table 1, and logical description is as follows:
1 each group traffic light system logic of table
The corresponding traffic light systems of track circuit 1G (I02 values are 0).Binding variable mode is " I02+2*I13+4*I14+ 8*I15 ", displaying principle:I13 values are 1, i.e. 1G has vehicle, traffic light system red;I13 values are 0, i.e. 1G is without vehicle, if I14 values are 1, i.e. 2G have vehicle, traffic light system yellow to judge I15 if I14 values are 0, and it is 1 to be worth, traffic light system yellow and green, if I15 values are 0, traffic light system green, as shown in table 1.
The corresponding traffic light systems of track circuit 2G (I02 values are 0).Binding variable mode is " I02+2*I14+4*I15+ 8*I24 ", displaying principle:I14 values are 1, i.e. 2G has vehicle, traffic light system red;I14 values are 0, i.e. 2G is without vehicle, if I15 values are 1, i.e. 3G have vehicle, traffic light system yellow to judge I24 if I15 values are 0, and it is 1 to be worth, traffic light system yellow and green, if I24 values are 0, traffic light system green.
The corresponding traffic light systems of track circuit 3G (I02 values are 0).Binding variable mode is " I02+2*I15+4*I24+ 8*I25 ", displaying principle:I15 values are 1, i.e. 3G has vehicle, traffic light system red;I15 values are 0, i.e. 3G is without vehicle, if I24 values are 1, i.e. 4G have vehicle, traffic light system yellow to judge I25 if I24 values are 0, and it is 1 to be worth, traffic light system yellow and green, if I25 values are 0, traffic light system green.
The corresponding traffic light systems of track circuit 4G (I02 values are 0).Binding variable mode is " I02+2*I24+4*I25+ 8*I26 ", displaying principle:I24 values are 1, i.e. 4G has vehicle, traffic light system red;I24 values are 0, i.e. 4G is without vehicle, if I25 values are 1, i.e. 5G have vehicle, traffic light system yellow to judge I26 if I25 values are 0, and it is 1 to be worth, traffic light system yellow and green, if I26 values are 0, traffic light system green.
The corresponding traffic light systems of track circuit 5G (I02 values are 0).Binding variable mode is " I02+2*I25+4*I26+ 8*I27 ", displaying principle:I25 values are 1, i.e. 5G has vehicle, traffic light system red;I25 values are 0, i.e. 5G is without vehicle, if I26 values are 1, i.e. 6G have vehicle, traffic light system yellow to judge I27 if I26 values are 0, and it is 1 to be worth, traffic light system yellow and green, if I27 values are 0, traffic light system green.
The corresponding traffic light systems of track circuit 6G (I02 values are 0).Binding variable mode is " I02+2*I26+4*I27 ", Displaying principle:I26 values are 1, i.e. 6G has vehicle, traffic light system red;I26 values are 0, i.e. 6G is without vehicle, if I27 values are 1, i.e. 7G has Vehicle, traffic light system yellow, if I27 values are 0, traffic light system green.
The corresponding traffic light systems of track circuit 7G (I02 values are 0).Binding variable mode is " I02+2*I27 ", and display is former Reason:I27 values are 1, i.e. 7G has vehicle, traffic light system red;I27 values are 0, i.e. 7G is without vehicle, traffic light system green.
If I02 values are 1, i.e. direction is reversed, then all signal lamps are not shown.
(4) static object.Static object is that the object of dynamic change, including plain text pair are not clicked with variable or button As, secondary graphics.
Three, warning message area.
(1) alarm for a trailed switch.It is codetermined by S0 and S1, corresponding PLC input variable address is I0.0 and I0.1, corresponding configuration Entry variable is I00 and I01, and when I00 and I01 is 0 simultaneously or is simultaneously 1, alarm for a trailed switch image is displayed in red, other situations (positioning/antiposition) is not shown.
(2) reversed prompt.It being determined by S2, corresponding PLC input variable address is I0.2, and corresponding configuration entry variable is I02, Green is shown when I02 values are 0, indicates positive, is displayed in red when I02 values are 1, indicates reversed.
(3) stubble warning device.Stubble warning device is monitored for the circuit turn-on situation of signal lamp, in this specific embodiment In, one shares 7 sections of track circuits, corresponding 7 groups of signal lamps, and stubble warning device input is determined respectively by S3~S9, and corresponding PLC inputs become It is I0.3, I0.4, I0.5, I0.6, I0.7, I1.0, I1.1 to measure address, corresponding configuration entry variable is I03, I04, I05, I06, I07, I10, I11 are worth when being 0, indicate that tally circuit connection is normal, and each stubble warning device Drawing Object is not shown, are worth when being 1, Corresponding stubble warning device object is shown in red.
(4) shift frequency is alarmed.It is determined by S10, corresponding PLC input variable address is I1.0, corresponding configuration entry variable For I10, it is worth when being 0, shift frequency alarm Drawing Object is not shown, is worth when being 1, shown in red.
(5) disconnecting warning is communicated.By counter C1 whether variation determines, by creating overall situation C scripts, establishing the period is The value of PLC Counters C1 is read in the timer of 1S, timing, and the counting period of C1 is 50ms, the counter that current period is read C1 is compared with the counter C1 values that previous cycle is read, if differing, judges that communication is normal, communication early warning Drawing Object is shown Green, if identical, judge communication disconnect, communication early warning Drawing Object be displayed in red, which effectively prevent OPC softwares and Configuration software carries the longer problem of communication state detection method delay, effectively increases the real-time of communications status detection.
(6) messaging list, all warning messages and alarm leave group message show that latest news is shown in messaging list Up front, displaying is rolled.
The present invention lacks real-time, convenience and failure cause for existing railway track circuit and track switch monitoring system The case where analyzing not in time, a kind of special railway track circuit of proposition and track switch monitoring system, can effectively be directed to railway Track circuit and track switch progress are real-time, visualize to obtain monitoring, in time, accurately alarm for the failure of appearance, it is electric to be conducive to railway The reason of business section staff grasps railway track circuit and switch status, finds to cause failure in time in real time, and the system And method is based on configuration technology, there is stronger configurability and scalability, is conducive to carry out railway track circuit and track switch Larger range of monitoring and management.
It should be understood that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, it is general to this field For logical technical staff, it can be modified or changed according to the above description, and all these modifications and variations should all belong to this The protection domain of invention appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of railway track circuit and track switch monitoring system based on configuration technology, which is characterized in that including:PLC and outside Circuit module, OPC server modules, configuration projects module;The PLC and external circuit module and the OPC server modules It is connected by ethernet line, the OPC server modules are located at same computer with configuration projects module, and the two is based on OPC Protocol communication;
The PLC and external circuit module include the 24V direct currents multi-output switching electricity powered for PLC and external relay circuit Source, for running control program and acquiring the PLC of variate-value and expansion I/O module, outer for executing PLC control instructions and input The external relay and input switching circuit of portion's state, the preset heartbeat detection program for detecting communications status, wherein described PLC includes ethernet communication module, CPU, included I/O modules;
The OPC server modules include profession OPC softwares, OPC configuration files, wherein the OPC softwares include PLC with Too Network Communication OPC drives, and the OPC configuration files include variable configuration file corresponding with address of variable in PLC, are directed to ether Net the configuration file of OPC communications, the ethernet communication module profit that OPC server-sides pass through computer ethernet communication module and PLC It is established and is communicated to connect with ethernet line;
The configuration projects module includes global script module, graphic interface and configuration, variable configuration module, wherein described Global script module is for handling clobal, including communication check, custom item function, the graphic interface and configuration Including figure displaying interface, graphic variable binding, graphical event C scripts, the variable configuration module includes built-in variable, outside Variable, system variable.
2. a kind of railway track circuit and track switch monitoring system based on configuration technology according to claim 1, feature It is:In the configuration projects module, the communication check of global script module executes global action using the setting clock cycle Mode, cycle reads the counter variable value in the PLC, if the value is different from a upper periodic quantity, judges that communication is normal, if The value and a upper cycle phase are same, then judge that communication disconnects;
Include preset heartbeat detection program, the counter in the preset heartbeat detection programs of PLC in the PLC and external circuit module It is combined by multiple timers and switching variable, realization counter timing plus 1, after the maximum value for reaching setting, counter resets, Restart to count, avoids OPC softwares and configuration software carries the longer problem of communication state detection method delay, effectively carry The high real-time of communications status detection.
3. a kind of railway track circuit and track switch monitoring system based on configuration technology according to claim 1, feature It is:The PLC and expansion I/O module include each section of signals of vehicles input, each segment signal lamp fracture of wire of track circuit of track circuit Detection input, track switch control output, switch status input, direction of traffic input, shift frequency alarm input, PLC and expansion I/O module Each input and output point is corresponded with external circuit respectively.
4. a kind of railway track circuit and track switch monitoring system based on configuration technology according to claim 1, feature It is:The graphic interface of the configuration projects module and the figure displaying interface of configuration include header area, push-botton operation area, report Alert and message area, Drawing Object area, wherein message area is rolling form, once message, which corresponds to alarm, restores normal, message is automatic It leaves.
5. a kind of railway track circuit and track switch monitoring system based on configuration technology according to claim 1, feature It is:The graphic variable binding includes single argument binding and multivariable binding, the Drawing Object of single argument binding, single variable value Directly with Drawing Object color, whether show corresponding, the Drawing Object of multivariable binding, it is real using the method for given variable weights Existing multiple binaries are converted into analog quantity, and figure object color is corresponded to the analog quantity.
6. a kind of railway track circuit and track switch monitoring system based on configuration technology according to claim 1, feature It is:The graphical event C scripts processing Drawing Object clicks control PLC output, control pattern object availability, control pattern Object is shown.
7. a kind of railway track circuit and track switch monitoring system based on configuration technology according to claim 4, feature It is:The Drawing Object area at figure displaying interface and alarm and message area include each section of track circuit whether have vehicle, each section Traffic light system, each segment signal lamp whether stubble warning device, driving forwards/reverse, whether shift frequency alarm, switch status, whether squeeze Trouble alarm, communication connection status, all alarms are popped up in message area, are left after restoring normal.
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