CN108569308A - 用于三件式铁路转向架的被动转向 - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
- B61F5/50—Other details
- B61F5/52—Bogie frames
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
- B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
- B61F5/04—Bolster supports or mountings
- B61F5/06—Bolster supports or mountings incorporating metal springs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
- B61F5/26—Mounting or securing axle-boxes in vehicle or bogie underframes
- B61F5/30—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes
- B61F5/305—Axle-boxes mounted for movement under spring control in vehicle or bogie underframes incorporating rubber springs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
- B61F5/38—Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self- adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves, e.g. sliding axles, swinging axles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
- B61F5/38—Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self- adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves, e.g. sliding axles, swinging axles
- B61F5/44—Adjustment controlled by movements of vehicle body
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Springs (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
- Handcart (AREA)
- Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
- Platform Screen Doors And Railroad Systems (AREA)
Abstract
传统的三件式铁路货车转向架由于刚性侧架限制轮对而妨碍了轮对实现与弯曲段的径向对准。侧架还由于轮对轴承和侧架导框颌部之间的有限间隙而限制轮对与弯曲段径向对准。本发明扩宽了侧架导框颌部以允许轮对偏转并与弯曲段径向对准。侧架由弹性体垫和轴承适配器支撑在轮对上。本发明使用弹性体垫的刚度在俯仰运动中压缩,该俯仰运动允许轮对在侧架的扩宽的颌部中以弧形向前或向后运动。弹性体垫的刚度还允许轮对使垫扭转,从而允许轮对与弯曲段径向对准。垫的弹性刚度足以在轮对与直的轨道对准时恢复。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于三件式铁路转向架的被动转向。
背景技术
传统的三件式铁路货车转向架由一个摇枕和两个侧架组成。承载车身的摇枕穿过侧框居中地延伸。摇枕由悬架支撑,悬架由摩擦瓦和支撑摇枕的弹簧构成,其中摩擦瓦具有对竖向摇枕运动产生阻尼的弹簧。悬架位于中央,并由侧架支撑。侧架端部有导框颌部,导框颌部支撑在轴承适配器上并捕获住轴承适配器。轴承适配器支撑在轮对的轮轴轴承上。轮对由端部具有车轮和轴承的工作轮轴构成。
转向架转向机构由锥形体车轮踏面构成。当转向架进入弯曲段时,导轨从车轮踏面中心下方向外偏转。当导轨从车轮踏面的中心下方向外移动时,锥形体改变每个车轮的直径,并且弯曲段外侧的车轮的周长变大,而车轮到弯曲段内侧的周长变小。车轮在导轨上滚动的距离变得不均匀,从而使轮对偏转,并试图使轮对径向地与弯曲段对准。
传统的三件式铁路货车转向架可能会由于刚性侧架起到限制轮对与导轨中的弯曲段对准的作用而妨碍轮对实现与弯曲段的径向对准。侧架还可能由于轮对的轮轴轴承和侧架导框颌部的任一侧上的0.144英寸的有限间隙而限制轮对与弯曲段径向对准。
发明内容
本发明使侧架导框颌部扩宽至轮对的轮轴轴承的任一侧与侧架导框颌部之间为0.331英寸,以允许轮对偏转并与弯曲段径向对准。侧架由弹性体垫和轮轴的轴承适配器支撑在轮对上。本发明利用弹性体垫的刚度来允许适配器在导框的扩宽的颌部中俯仰倾斜和扭转。适配器的俯仰运动使得轮对可以在侧架的扩宽的导框颌部中向前或向后弧形移动。弹性体垫还允许轮对使垫扭转,因而使轮对与弯曲段径向对准。当轮对对准直的轨道时,垫的弹性刚度足以返回。
附图说明
在附图中:
图1是根据本发明的第一实施例的被动转向三件式铁路车辆转向架的传统三件式铁路货车转向架组件的透视图;
图2是根据本发明的第一实施例的垫和适配器与被动转向三件式铁路车辆转向架的侧架和轮对的关系的详细的局部分解图;
图3是根据本发明的第一实施例的被动转向三件式铁路车辆转向架的铁路车辆转向架在弯曲段时的俯视图,其中适配器也以分开的侧视图示出为发生了俯仰倾斜;
图4A至图4D是根据本发明的第一实施例的被动转向三件式铁路转向架的具有弹性体适配器垫上的适配器的俯仰与偏转之间的关系的偏转铁路车辆转向架轮对的详细截面图。
图5A和5B是根据本发明的第一实施例的被动转向三件式铁路转向架的压缩弹性体适配器垫的发生了俯仰倾斜和扭转的适配器的详细截面图。
具体实施方式
现在参照图1,可以看到传统的三件式铁路货车转向架组件1的透视图,其包括两个侧向间隔开的侧架3,摇枕4在侧架3之间侧向延伸。可以看到摇枕4延伸穿过每个侧架3中的中央开口。能够看到,通常由螺旋弹簧组构成的悬架5支撑摇枕4。侧架7在导框14处由设置在轮对2的轮轴轴承8上的适配器7和适配器垫6支撑。轮对2由两个车轮10构成,其中车轮10被压在轮轴9的端部附近的轴颈部分上。轮对2具有安装在轮轴9的两端处的轮轴轴承8。适配器垫6通常由诸如聚氨酯的结构弹性体组成。
现在参照图2,其为在导框14处侧架3与弹性体适配器垫6和适配器7之间的关系的详细分解局部视图。适配器7座放在轮轴轴承8上。示出了轮对2的端部具有位于轮轴9上的车轮10。车轮10具有向外渐缩成锥形的踏面16。侧架导框的开口由相应的下垂的颌部12和导框顶部15形成。颌部12的内表面可以包括凸耳13以帮助定位和保持适配器7。弹性体适配器垫6竖向上被限制在适配器7的顶表面26和导框顶部15之间。弹性体适配器垫6的腿部27侧向上被限制在凸耳13和适配器7之间。
现在参照图3,其为铁路车辆转向架1在弯曲段11时的俯视图,并且具有每个导框14和车轮的侧视图,其中适配器7发生了俯仰倾斜22和23。当铁路车辆转向架1进入弯曲段11时,导轨从车轮踏面16的中心下方向外偏转(turn out)。当导轨从车轮踏面16的中心下方向外移动时,锥形体实质上相对于中心轮轴-导轨距离改变车轮的直径,使得弯曲段外侧的车轮的周长17变大,并且靠近弯曲段的内侧的车轮的周长18变小。车轮在导轨上滚动的距离变得不均匀,这使轮对2发生偏转19并使轮对2与弯曲段11对准。在导框14处的侧架3具有敞开的颌部12以允许轮对2发生偏转19。当轮对2在适配器7上偏转19时,弹性体适配器垫6变得在竖向上被不均匀地加载。不均匀的竖向加载在一端比另一端更多地压缩弹性体适配器垫6。这使得对于弯曲段11的内侧,适配器向内俯仰22,而对于弯曲段11的外侧,适配器向外俯仰23。
图4A-4D示出偏转的轮对2的详细截面,示出了适配器7上的弹性体适配器垫6的俯仰(pitch)22和23与扭转(twist)24和25之间的关系。轮对2将适配器7和弹性体适配器垫6支撑在侧架3的导框顶部15上。当轮对2在直轨道上滚动时,弹性体适配器垫6上的竖向载荷均匀分布。当轮对2在弯曲段中偏转(yaw)时,弹性体适配器垫6上的竖向负载变得不均匀,并且适配器发生俯仰倾斜22和23。当适配器如22和23所示地俯仰倾斜时,适配器也在弹性体适配器垫6上扭转。发生了扭转23和24的适配器7被敞开的颌部12的顶部中的凸耳13约束。每个适配器7和适配器垫6被接收在由颌部12形成的侧架导框端部中的一个中。每个适配器垫6对俯仰和扭转都具有阻力,使得在车轮与轮对的导轨之间产生的5000至7000磅之间的纵向转向力足以使轮对与铁路轨道中高达10度的弯曲段径向对准。此外,颌部12张开得足够大以允许适配器垫6的这种变形,进而允许轮对偏转,从而与铁路轨道中的弯曲段对准。导框颌部12在轮轴轴承的任一侧上扩宽至0.331英寸,以允许适配器7在适配器垫6上俯仰和扭转的空间。扩宽的颌部12足以使轮对2在铁路轨道弯曲段中径向对准10度。
图5A和5B示出了压缩弹性体适配器垫6的俯仰23和扭转25的适配器7的详细截面图。偏转的轮对的轮轴轴承8产生围绕轴承8的纵向力。纵向力产生围绕适配器7的顶表面26的力矩。轴承8的纵向力和位移使得适配器7在位移方向上不均匀地压缩弹性体适配器垫6。弹性体适配器衬垫6的不均匀竖向位移使适配器7和轴承8俯仰。轴承8在其移位时也偏转。座放在轴承8上的适配器7被迫适应偏转运动。适配器7使弹性体适配器垫6扭转25并将弹性体适配器垫6的腿27压靠在凸耳13上以允许偏转运动。
Claims (7)
1.一种铁路车辆转向架,包括:
摇枕和两个平行的侧架;
所述摇枕具有各自容纳在其中一个所述侧架中的开口中的两个端部;
在每个侧架中支撑所述摇枕的端部的弹簧组;
每个侧架具有两个导框端部;
各自具有两个端部的两个轮轴;
各自配合至每个轮轴的轴颈部分的两个车轮;
各自配合在所述轮轴的其中一个端部上的多个轮轴轴承;
各自具有适配器垫的多个适配器,其中每个适配器和适配器垫均容纳在所述侧架的一个导框端部中;
其中每个适配器垫具有对俯仰和扭转的阻力,使得在所述车轮与轮对的导轨之间产生的5000至7000磅的纵向转向力足以使所述轮对与铁路轨道中的弯曲段径向对准。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铁路车辆转向架,其中:
所述侧架的导框端部包括纵向间隔开的颌部,所述颌部使得所述适配器垫能够变形以允许所述轮对偏转,从而与铁路轨道中的弯曲段对准。
3.根据权利要求2所述的铁路车辆转向架,其中:
所述适配器垫能发生足够的变形,以允许所述轮对偏转,从而与铁路轨道弯曲段中高达10度的弯曲段对准。
4.一种铁路车辆转向架,包括:
摇枕和两个平行的侧架;
所述摇枕具有各自容纳在其中一个所述侧架中的开口中的两个端部;
在每个侧架中支撑所述摇枕的端部的弹簧组;
每个侧架具有两个导框端部;
各自具有两个端部和两个轴颈部分的两个轮轴;
配合至每个轮轴的轴颈部分的车轮;
各自配合在所述轮轴的其中一个端部上的多个轮轴轴承;
各自具有弹性体适配器垫的多个适配器,其中每个适配器和弹性体适配器垫均容纳在所述侧架的其中一个导框端部中;
其中每个适配器垫具有对俯仰和扭转的阻力,使得在所述车轮与轮对的导轨之间产生的5000至7000磅的纵向转向力足以使所述轮对与铁路轨道中的弯曲段径向对准。
5.根据权利要求4所述的铁路车辆转向架,其中:
所述侧架的导框端部包括纵向间隔开的颌部,所述颌部使得所述适配器垫能够变形以允许所述轮对偏转,从而与铁路轨道中的弯曲段对准。
6.根据权利要求5所述的铁路车辆转向架,其中:
所述适配器垫能发生足够的变形,以允许所述轮对偏转,从而与铁路轨道弯曲段中高达10度的弯曲段对准。
7.根据权利要求4所述的铁路车辆转向架,其中:
所述侧架的导框的颌部在所述轮轴轴承的任一侧上扩宽至0.331英寸,使得所述适配器垫能够变形,以允许所述轮对偏转,从而与铁路轨道中的弯曲段对准。
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US15/454,475 US20180257681A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 | 2017-03-09 | Passive steering for a three piece railway truck |
US15/454,475 | 2017-03-09 |
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CN (1) | CN108569308A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2018201620A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR102018004554A2 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2995813C (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2018002841A (zh) |
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RU191743U1 (ru) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-19 | Акционерное общество "Алтайского вагоностроения (АО "Алтайвагон") | Боковая рама трехэлементной тележки |
CZ309895B6 (cs) * | 2019-09-09 | 2024-01-17 | VÚKV a.s. | Zařízení pro vedení dvojkolí v podvozku kolejového vozidla |
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US8893626B2 (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-11-25 | Strato, Inc. | Wheelset to side frame interconnection for a railway car truck |
RU2570930C2 (ru) * | 2013-06-13 | 2015-12-20 | ОБЩЕСТВО С ОГРАНИЧЕННОЙ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬЮ "Головное специализированное конструкторское бюро вагоностроения имени Валерия Михайловича Бубнова" | Узел опоры боковой рамы на колесную пару тележки грузового вагона |
-
2017
- 2017-03-09 US US15/454,475 patent/US20180257681A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2018
- 2018-02-21 CA CA2995813A patent/CA2995813C/en active Active
- 2018-02-23 ZA ZA2018/01242A patent/ZA201801242B/en unknown
- 2018-03-01 RU RU2018107605A patent/RU2675337C1/ru active
- 2018-03-06 AU AU2018201620A patent/AU2018201620A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-03-06 MX MX2018002841A patent/MX2018002841A/es unknown
- 2018-03-07 BR BR102018004554A patent/BR102018004554A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-03-09 CN CN201810192403.9A patent/CN108569308A/zh active Pending
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US4674412A (en) * | 1985-12-19 | 1987-06-23 | Amsted Industries Incorporated | Elastomeric bearing pad with unlike threaded fasteners |
US5404826A (en) * | 1991-08-08 | 1995-04-11 | Pennsy Corporation | Bearing adapter for railway trucks having downward depending ends on adapter plate for protecting the adapter thrust lugs |
US5562044A (en) * | 1995-05-30 | 1996-10-08 | Hansen Inc. | Steering railway truck |
CN203543986U (zh) * | 2013-10-14 | 2014-04-16 | 南车长江车辆有限公司 | 铁路货车转向架 |
US20150183446A1 (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-07-02 | Nevis Industries Llc | Railcar truck roller bearing adapter pad systems |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2018201620A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
BR102018004554A2 (pt) | 2019-01-02 |
MX2018002841A (es) | 2019-07-22 |
CA2995813C (en) | 2020-01-07 |
US20180257681A1 (en) | 2018-09-13 |
ZA201801242B (en) | 2018-12-19 |
RU2675337C1 (ru) | 2018-12-19 |
CA2995813A1 (en) | 2018-09-09 |
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