CN108565990B - Wireless power transmission device with constant current output characteristic - Google Patents
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
- H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
- H04B5/79—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wireless power transmission device with constant current output characteristics, which adopts a self-excited inverter circuit to design an inverter power supply, adopts the design scheme of the self-excited inverter circuit, can realize the self-driving of a switching tube, omits an additional PWM generator and a driving circuit, has simple structure, can automatically realize a resonance frequency tracking function, has smaller loss when the switching tube works in a zero-voltage on-off state, and greatly reduces the complexity of the inverter circuit. The electromagnetic resonance system with constant current output characteristic is adopted, the transmitting end of the electromagnetic resonance system adopts single-capacitor parallel compensation topology, the receiving end adopts double-capacitor series-parallel compensation topology, and constant current output of the wireless electric energy transmission device can be basically realized under different load conditions by only using 3 compensation capacitor elements, so that the addition of a subsequent DC/DC converter is omitted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless power transmission, relates to a wireless power transmission device with constant current output characteristics, and in particular relates to a magnetic coupling resonance type wireless power transmission device with constant current output characteristics.
Background
Since the second industrial revolution, human society has entered the electrified era, as large as the power grid, high voltage lines, and as small as various household electrical appliances throughout the world, the transmission of electrical energy has been mainly through point-to-point direct contact transmission of metal wires. This "wired" transmission presents a number of problems. Because of the problems of friction, aging and the like, sparks are easy to generate in the electric energy transmission process, thereby influencing the service life of electric equipment and the safety of electricity consumption [1] . In addition, conventional wired power transmission methods are not capable of meeting the needs of specific applications, such as mines and water. With the development of human socioeconomic performance, various electronic devices have been developedThe electric wire socket is widely used, but too many electric wires and sockets bring inconvenience to the life of people. In addition, the long-term power supply of medical devices implanted in the body is also very inconvenient by changing the battery; the development of electric vehicles is limited by the high cost, high maintainability and low reliability of the wired charging piles. These problems are all calling for a way of power transfer off metal wires, i.e. wireless power transfer.
At present, according to different transmission mechanisms, wireless power transmission technologies can be mainly classified into microwave type, electric field coupling type, electromagnetic induction type and magnetic coupling resonance type. The principle of microwave is to use microwave beam to replace wire for energy transmission, but microwave will be lost when transmitted in air, unable to pass through barrier, harmful to human body, not suitable for daily life. The electric field coupling type wireless power transmission is to realize wireless power transmission by utilizing the electric field coupling effect of a plate capacitor. However, the capacitance of the flat capacitor is only in the pF level, high voltage can be generated at two ends of the polar plates, the high-strength electric field between the polar plates is harmful to human bodies, and the flat capacitor is not suitable for use under the condition that the safety problem is not solved. The electromagnetic induction type wireless power transmission utilizes the electromagnetic induction principle of a transformer to transmit energy, and can realize power transmission with higher power and higher efficiency only in a shorter distance (less than 1 cm), and after the distance is increased, the transmission efficiency is rapidly reduced, so that improvement can not be brought to life of people. The magnetic coupling resonance type wireless power transmission technology which is emerging in the last two years takes an electromagnetic field as a medium, and utilizes an electromagnetic resonance system with the same resonance frequency and high quality factor to realize wireless transmission of power based on a resonance principle under the condition of weak coupling of the magnetic field. The magnetic coupling resonance type wireless electric energy transmission technology is also called a magnetic field resonance technology, integrates magnetic field collection, microwave engineering, power electronics, circuit theory and material science, and is a new field for research and study in the academic circles and the industrial circles at home and abroad at present. The magnetic coupling resonance type wireless transmission system has the advantages that the energy loss is small, the transmission distance is large, the transmission distance can reach more than 50cm generally, the strong corresponding position relation between a transmitting coil and a receiving coil is not required, the position deviation in a reasonable range is allowed, the energy transmission is only carried out in the resonance system, other objects except the resonance system can not be influenced, and the transmission efficiency is kept without worrying about damage caused by foreign matters entering an air gap.
The design of a high-frequency inverter power supply and a resonance system of the magnetic coupling resonance type wireless power transmission system is a key part. The conventional bridge type inverter power supply is complex in structure, needs an additional PWM signal generator to drive a switching tube, generally needs a frequency tracking circuit to realize the frequency tracking function of a wireless power transmission system, is complex in driving, high in loss, is generally applied to the high-power field of kilowatt level, and is poor in application effect in the middle-low-power field; for electronic products using electric energy, there are occasions when it is required that the current output by the wireless electric energy transmission device does not change with the change of the load, that is, the wireless electric energy transmission device is required to maintain constant output current under different output power conditions (load change), or only slightly change, for example, there is a constant current charging stage in the charging process of an electric automobile. Most of the wireless power transmission devices at present cannot automatically realize constant voltage output under different load conditions, but realize constant current output by adding a DC/DC converter at a later stage, so that the complexity and cost of the system are improved, the efficiency is reduced, and the wide input voltage range of the DC/DC converter also forms great difficulty for the design of the DC/DC converter.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
In order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a wireless power transmission device with constant current output characteristics.
Technical proposal
The wireless power transmission device with the constant current output characteristic is characterized by comprising a self-excited inverter circuit, a transmitter, a receiver and a rectifier; the self-excited inverter circuit comprises two MOS tubes Q 1 And Q 2 Two inductance chokes L f1 And L f2 Two diodes D 1 And D 2 Two voltage stabilizing diodes Dz-20V with voltage withstanding capability of 20V and two voltage stabilizing diodes with voltage withstanding capability of 3.9VPolar tube Dz-3.9V, two capacitors C p1 And C p2 And 4 resistors R a 、R b 、R c 、R d The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Resistor R a And R is R c Series connection of resistors R c And R is R d In series and then in parallel with the power supply U dc Both ends; inductance choke L f1 And MOS tube Q 1 Series inductor choke L f2 And MOS tube Q 2 Connected in series and then in parallel with a driving power supply U drive Both ends; a series circuit of a parallel voltage-stabilizing diode Dz-20V and a voltage-stabilizing diode Dz-3.9V is arranged between the G pole and the S pole of the two MOS tubes, and the anodes of the two diodes are relatively connected in series; MOS tube Q 1 Through capacitor C p1 Connected to resistor R a And R is R c Between MOS tube Q 2 Through capacitor C p2 Connected to resistor R c And R is R d Between them; diode D 1 Negative terminal and MOS tube Q 1 The D pole of (C) is connected with the positive terminal of the resistor R c And R is R d Between, diode D 2 Negative terminal and MOS tube Q 2 The D pole of (C) is connected with the positive terminal of the resistor R a And R is R b Between them; the transmitter is L 1 C 1 Parallel resonant circuit of (a), MOS tube Q is respectively managed to input 1 D pole of (2) and resistance R c And R is R d Between them; the receiver is a coil L 2 And capacitor C 2 Series connected and connected capacitor C 3 Parallel circuit, capacitor C 3 Full bridge rectifier DR with two ends connected 1 、DR 2 、DR 3 And DR 4 The rectification output is connected with a filter inductance L f And filter capacitor C f The filtering output of the filtering circuit is connected with a load; the R is a ＝R c Less than R b ＝R d The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The D is 1 ＝D 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The capacitor C p1 ＝C p2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The MOS tube Q 1 ＝Q 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The inductance choke L f1 ＝L f2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The driving power supply U drive Less than power supply U dc 。
The C is p1 And C p2 Is far greater than Q 1 And Q 2 Gate parasitic capacitance of (c).
The transmitterThe relationship between the receivers is:f s the frequency of the self-excited inverter.
The MOS tube Q 1 And Q 2 Model C2M0040120D.
The diode D 1 And D 2 Model FR607.
The model of the voltage-withstanding 20V voltage-stabilizing diode Dz-20V is 1n5335A.
The model of the four identical rectifier diodes of the full bridge rectifier is MBR20100.
Advantageous effects
The wireless power transmission device with the constant current output characteristic adopts the self-excited inverter circuit to design the inverter power supply, the self-excited inverter circuit design scheme can realize the self-driving of the switching tube, an extra PWM generator and a driving circuit are omitted, the structure is simple, the resonance frequency tracking function can be automatically realized, the switching tube works in the zero-voltage on and off states, the loss is small, and the complexity of the inverter circuit is greatly reduced. The electromagnetic resonance system with constant current output characteristic is adopted, the transmitting end of the electromagnetic resonance system adopts single-capacitor parallel compensation topology, the receiving end adopts double-capacitor series-parallel compensation topology, and constant current output of the wireless electric energy transmission device can be basically realized under different load conditions by only using 3 compensation capacitor elements, so that the addition of a subsequent DC/DC converter is omitted.
The invention has two main beneficial effects:
1, the inverter power supply realizes self-driving, soft switching and has a simple structure.
2, the output current of the invention has constant current output characteristic irrespective of the load size.
As shown in figure 3, the wireless power transmission system realizes the self-driving of the switching tube without an external driving circuit, and when the driving voltage V ds When rising and falling, the drain-source voltage of the switching tube is 0V, namely zero voltage on and off of the switching tube are realized,off-state voltage V ds The value of (2) is smaller than 0, and negative pressure turn-off of the switching tube is realized.
As shown in fig. 4, when the load resistance was changed from 5Ω to 15Ω, the load change rate was 200%, the output current was changed from 2.698A to 2.562A only, and the current change rate was 5%, and it was considered that the output current of the system was kept substantially constant when the load was changed, i.e., the system had constant current output characteristics.
Drawings
Fig. 1: schematic circuit diagram of the present invention
Fig. 2: system equivalent circuit diagram
Fig. 3: q (Q) 1 And Q 2 Is a simulated working waveform diagram of (2)
Fig. 4: simulation waveform diagram of output current changing along with load
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to examples, figures:
a circuit diagram of the wireless power transmission device with constant current output characteristics is shown in the accompanying figure 1, and specifically comprises the following components:
(1) Two paths of input power interfaces, one path of which is a driving power U drive (22V), the other path is a power supply U dc (36V)；
(2) A self-excited inverter circuit comprises 2 MOS transistors Q 1 And Q 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 2 inductance chokes L f1 And L f2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 4 resistors R a ～R d The resistance values satisfy R a ＝R c ＝300Ω，R b ＝R d =10kΩ;2 diodes D 1 And D 2 The conduction voltage drop is ideally 0V;2 voltage-withstanding 20V voltage-stabilizing diodes Dz-20V to prevent Q 1 And Q 2 Is broken down positively; 2 voltage-withstanding 3.9V voltage-stabilizing diodes Dz-3.9V to prevent Q 1 And Q 2 Is broken down reversely; two capacitors C p1 And C p2 Realizing a switch tube Q 1 And Q 2 Is turned off by negative pressure of C p1 And C p2 Is far greater than Q 1 And Q 2 Gate parasitic capacitance of (c).
Self-excited inverter circuitThe working principle is as follows: inductance choke L f1 And L f2 Large enough to flow through L f1 And L f2 The current may be considered constant. Suppose at first Q 1 In the off state, Q 2 In the on state, diode D 1 Shut off, D 2 Conduction and inductance L f2 Energy storage, inductance L f1 To parallel L 1 C 1 Resonant network power supply, inductance L 1 And capacitor C 1 Resonance between L 1 C 1 C when the quality factor of the resonant network is high enough 1 Two-terminal resonant voltage u ab Is a sine wave, the frequency of which is L 1 C 1 The natural resonant frequency of the resonant network. When the voltage u ab Resonance is reduced to U drive Nearby, diode D 1 Start to conduct with voltage u ab Further reduction of Q 2 Will decrease the gate potential of (C) to thereby make Q 2 From the on state into the amplifying region. Once Q is 2 Enter an amplifying region, Q 2 The drain-source voltage of (2) is no longer 0V, and passes through diode D 2 Voltage transmission function of Q 1 Will increase the gate potential of (C) to make Q 1 From the off state into the amplifying region, which is a positive feedback process, with voltage u ab Resonance to about 0V, Q 2 Will enter the off state, Q 1 Will conduct. After which inductance L f1 Energy storage, inductance L f2 To parallel L 1 C 1 Resonant network power supply, voltage u ab Reverse resonance, similar to the above analysis.
L f1 And L f2 The inverter circuit output has a current source characteristic. Capacitor C 1 Voltage u across ab I.e. the output voltage of the inverter circuit. In practice the system is through diode D 1 And D 2 For u ab Sampling and then controlling the switch tube Q 1 And Q 2 The operating frequency of the switching tube is thus always dependent on u ab The frequency of the inverter circuit always follows the natural resonant frequency of the load network, and the frequency tracking function of the system is realized. L (L) 1 C 1 Is a parallel resonance of the structure of (a)The circuit is the transmitter of the WPT system, when L 1 C 1 When the quality factor of the parallel resonant circuit is high, the voltage u ab The sinusoidal voltage can be considered as:
U ab is the voltage u ab Effective value f of (f) 0 Is the inverter operating frequency.
To inductance L f1 Or L f2 Applying the volt-second theorem:
the method can obtain:voltage u ab Can be further expressed as:
u ab ＝πU dc sin(2πf 0 t)
(3) Electromagnetic resonance system
The electromagnetic resonance system comprises a transmitter and a receiver, the transmitter having a capacitance C 1 And a transmitting coil L 1 The receiver consists of a receiving coil L 2 And capacitor C 2 ，C 3 Composition is prepared.
Let the inversion frequency of the inversion circuit be f s The resonant system satisfies:
the working principle of the electromagnetic resonance system is as follows:
equivalent self-excited inverter circuit into AC power supply U ab According to the path-changing theorem in the circuit theory, the rectifying device of the rear stage can be equivalent to an alternating current voltage source U m The mutual inductance of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil is M, and the input alternating current of the rectifier isI m . There are two power supplies in the circuit for analysis of I m The superposition theorem is employed.
When AC voltage source U ab When acting alone, the ac voltage source U m Short-circuit is set to flow through the voltage source U m The current of the branch is I m1
When AC voltage source U m When acting alone, the ac voltage source U ab Short-circuit is set to flow through the voltage source U m The current of the branch is I m2
At this time, receiving coil L 2 And capacitor C 2 ，C 3 Parallel resonance, I m2 ＝0.
According to the theorem of the superposition,
input ac current I of rectifier m The expression of (2) is independent of the load resistance.
(4) Full bridge rectifier
The full-bridge rectifier comprises 4 rectifying diodes DR 1-DR 4, a filter inductance L f A filter capacitor C f And a load resistor R L . Full bridge rectifiers implement ac to dc conversion.
Let the output current of the rectifying module be I o ，I o And I m The following are satisfied:
input ac current I of rectifier m The method meets the following conditions:
the conditions mentioned above are simultaneously available:
according to the output current I o The expression of (2) shows that the system input current and the load resistance R L Regardless, when the load changes, the system can still realize constant current output.
Table 1 simulation value of core element of wireless power transmission device
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the invention has two paths of input power interfaces, one path is a driving power supply U drive The other path is a power supply U with the power of 22V dc ＝36V；
A self-excited inverter circuit comprises 2 identical MOS transistors Q 1 And Q 2 Model C2M0040120D;2 identical inductive chokes L f1 And L f2 ，L f1 ＝L f2 =220 uH;4 resistors R a ～R d The resistance values satisfy R a ＝R c ＝300Ω，R b ＝R d =10kΩ;2 identical diodes D 1 And D 2 Model FR607;2 identical voltage-withstanding 20V voltage-stabilizing diodes Dz-20V, model 1n5357B;2 identical voltage-withstanding 3.9V voltage-stabilizing diodes Dz-3.9V, model 1n5335A; two identical capacitances C p1 And C p2 ，C p1 ＝C p2 ＝100nF。
An electromagnetic resonance system comprises a transmitter and a receiver, the transmitter having a capacitance C 1 And a transmitting coil L 1 Composition, C 1 ＝300nF，L 1 =9uh; the receiver is formed by a receiving coil L 2 And capacitor C 2 ，C 3 Composition, L 2 ＝42uH，C 2 ＝C 3 =128 nF. Wherein the capacitorC 1 ，C 2 And C 3 For CBB capacitance, transmitting coil L 1 And a receiving coil L 2 Is wound with 750 strands of litz wire having a diameter of 0.1 mm.
A full-bridge rectifier comprises 4 identical rectifier diodes DR 1-DR 4, model MBR20100, a filter inductance L f ，L f =2mh, a filter capacitor C f ，C f =220 uF, and a load resistor R L ，R L ＝5Ω。
After the system is connected with a power supply, the self-excited inverter circuit works, the inversion frequency is the same as the working frequency of the electromagnetic resonance system, energy is transmitted from a transmitting end to a receiving end through magnetic field coupling, and alternating current is converted into direct current through a rectifier, so that direct current output is realized.
Claims (7)
1. The wireless power transmission device with the constant current output characteristic is characterized by comprising a self-excited inverter circuit, a transmitter, a receiver and a rectifier; the self-excited inverter circuit comprises two MOS tubes Q1 and Q2, two inductance chokes Lf1 and Lf2, two diodes D1 and D2, two voltage-withstanding 20V voltage-stabilizing diodes Dz-20V, two voltage-withstanding 3.9V voltage-stabilizing diodes Dz-3.9V, two capacitors Cp1 and Cp2 and 4 resistors Ra, rb, rc, rd; the resistor Ra is connected with Rb in series, the resistor Rc is connected with Rd in series and then is connected with two ends of the power supply Udrive in parallel; the inductance choke coil Lf1 is connected with the MOS tube Q1 in series, the inductance choke coil Lf2 is connected with the MOS tube Q2 in series and then connected with two ends of the driving power Udc in parallel; a series circuit of a parallel voltage-stabilizing diode Dz-20V and a voltage-stabilizing diode Dz-3.9V is arranged between the G pole and the S pole of the two MOS tubes, and the anodes of the two diodes are relatively connected in series; the MOS tube Q1 is connected between the resistors Ra and Rb through the capacitor Cp1, and the MOS tube Q2 is connected between the resistors Rc and Rd through the capacitor Cp2; the negative end of the diode D1 is connected with the D pole of the MOS tube Q1, the positive end of the diode D2 is connected between the resistors Rc and Rd, the negative end of the diode D2 is connected with the D pole of the MOS tube Q2, and the positive end of the diode D2 is connected between the resistors Ra and Rb; the transmitter is characterized in that an end a of a parallel resonant circuit of L1C1 is connected with a D pole of a MOS tube Q1, and an end b is connected with a D pole of a MOS tube Q2; the receiver is a filter circuit which is formed by connecting a coil L2 and a capacitor C2 in series and then connecting the coil L2 and the capacitor C3 in parallel, wherein two ends of the capacitor C3 are connected with full-bridge rectifiers DR1, DR2, DR3 and DR4, the rectification output is connected with a filter inductance Lf and a filter capacitor Cf, and the filter output is connected with a load; the ra=rc is less than rb=rd; d1=d2; the capacitance Cp 1=cp 2; the MOS transistor q1=q2; the inductance choke lf1=lf2; the driving power Udrive is smaller than the power supply Udc.
2. The wireless power transmission device having a constant current output characteristic according to claim 1, wherein: the capacitance of Cp1 and Cp2 is much greater than the gate parasitic capacitance of Q1 and Q2.
3. The wireless power transmission device having a constant current output characteristic according to claim 1, wherein: the relationship between the transmitter and the receiver is:f s is the frequency of the self-excited inverter.
4. The wireless power transmission device having a constant current output characteristic according to claim 1, wherein: the model of the MOS tube Q1 and the model of the MOS tube Q2 are C2M0040120D.
5. The wireless power transmission device having a constant current output characteristic according to claim 1, wherein: the diodes D1 and D2 are of the FR607 type.
6. The wireless power transmission device having a constant current output characteristic according to claim 1, wherein: the model of the voltage-withstanding 20V voltage-stabilizing diode Dz-20V is 1n5335A.
7. The wireless power transmission device having a constant current output characteristic according to claim 1, wherein: the model of the four identical rectifier diodes of the full bridge rectifier is MBR20100.
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| CN110176811B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2023-04-28 | 天津大学 | Digitally controlled self-resonant and ultra-silent wireless power supply system |
| CN112332505A (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2021-02-05 | 青岛大学 | Single-tube inversion constant-current and constant-voltage wireless charging device and method |
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| CN108565990A (en) | 2018-09-21 |
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