CN108561293A - 一种提高laes系统效率和响应速度的方法和系统 - Google Patents

一种提高laes系统效率和响应速度的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN108561293A
CN108561293A CN201810273022.3A CN201810273022A CN108561293A CN 108561293 A CN108561293 A CN 108561293A CN 201810273022 A CN201810273022 A CN 201810273022A CN 108561293 A CN108561293 A CN 108561293A
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cold
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CN108561293B (zh
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何青
王立健
刘文毅
杜冬梅
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Beijing Jiatai Xinneng Technology Co ltd
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North China Electric Power University
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B41/00Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04B41/06Combinations of two or more pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/08Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01KSTEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/06Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B41/00Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04B41/02Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
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    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F17C5/00Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
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    • F17C5/00Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C7/00Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C7/00Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02Discharging liquefied gases
    • F17C7/04Discharging liquefied gases with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
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    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03Mixtures
    • F17C2221/031Air
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
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    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157Compressors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0358Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling by expansion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/039Localisation of heat exchange separate on the pipes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/041Methods for emptying or filling vessel by vessel
    • F17C2227/042Methods for emptying or filling vessel by vessel with change-over from one vessel to another
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于压缩空气电能存储技术领域,尤其涉及一种提高LAES系统效率和响应速度的方法和系统,方法包括:在现有的液态压缩空气储能系统的基础上增加气态存储装置,储能时优先将高压空气存入气态存储装置,当气态存储装置空气储满后将其余高压空气液化后存入液态存储装置中;释能时优先将气态存储装置中的高压空气释放膨胀做功,在气态存储装置中高压空气不足时释放液态存储装置中液态空气汽化膨胀做功。系统包括:压缩机组、气态存储装置、液态存储装置和膨胀机组。本发明解决纯气态存储高成本问题地理限制问题,利用小气罐快速响应和储能效率高的优点,以弥补纯液态空气存储的释能响应速度较低和储能效率低于纯气态空气存储的。

Description

一种提高LAES系统效率和响应速度的方法和系统
技术领域
本发明属于压缩空气电能存储技术领域,尤其涉及一种提高LAES系统效率和响应速度的方法和系统。
背景技术
压缩空气储能技术是指在用电低谷时利用电网上的富裕电力或者风能、太阳能等不稳定的新能源电力来压缩空气,并将压缩后的高压空气进行密封存储起来,在电能需求高峰时,将高压空气释放并推动空气透平带动发电机发电,以达到电能存储的目的。现有的压缩空气储能系统中,通常将压缩后的高压空气存储在地下储气室或者人工储气罐中进行存储,并在需要的时候进行能量释放。
地下储气室主要采用天然的洞穴作为高压空气存储的装置,其具有造价低廉、储气容量大的优点,主要应用于大型压缩空气储能系统。但是天然洞穴主要存在于特定的地质环境中,地下储气室需要选择特定的地理环境,因此应用地下储气室的大型压缩空气储能电站的建设主要受到地理因素的影响和限制。电网电能使用峰谷差较大且需要进行电能存储的地区主要集中在发达地区,而这些发达地区的地理环境往往较为平坦,缺乏天然的洞穴作为现成的储气室。并且,天然洞穴的密封性较差,由于地质的原因,必然存在高压空气泄露的情况。因此,以天然洞穴作为储气室的大型压缩空气储能电站,其储气室的储气压力会随着储存时间的推移而降低,这样会缩短电能存储的时长,缩短系统运行时间。
人工储气罐制造方便,作为高压空气的存储装置不受地理因素的限制,并且具有较高的存储压力,但是储气容量相对较小,而且造价成本较高。若进行大型压缩空气储能电站的储气装置,必然需要采用多个大型的人工储气罐联合进行空气存储,以满足大规模电能存储的需求,但是这也大大增加了储能电站的建设成本,而成本问题也是目前限制压缩空气储能系统发展的重要因素。
为了避免大型储气装置对压缩空气储能系统的限制,一种液态压缩空气储能(LAES)系统被提出,采用液态空气储罐代替大型的储气装置,使得压缩空气储能系统的储能密度大大增加,并且摆脱了大型储气装置对储能系统的限制。但是,这种液态的压缩空气储能系统增加了空气液化环节和液态泵,使得液态压缩空气储能系统的储能效率低于一般的气态压缩空气储能系统。而且液态压缩空气储能系统在储能过程需要将高压空气液化为液态空气进行存储,在释能过程中需要储液罐中的液态空气先吸热汽化后再进行膨胀做功,因此液态压缩空气储能系统的释能响应速度要远远低于气态压缩空气储能系统。
综上所述,液态压缩空气储能系统更适合于大规模电能的存储,但是如何提高大型液态压缩空气储能系统的释能响应速度和储能效率,是目前本领域技术人员亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提出了一种提高LAES系统效率和响应速度的方法和系统。方法包括:在现有的液态压缩空气储能系统的基础上增加气态存储装置,储能时优先将高压空气存入气态存储装置,当气态存储装置空气储满后将其余高压空气液化后存入液态存储装置中;释能时优先将气态存储装置中的高压空气释放膨胀做功,在气态存储装置中高压空气不足时释放液态存储装置中液态空气汽化膨胀做功。
所述储能时,空气经过多级压缩,压缩热量存储在热量储罐中,经过蓄冷回热器时吸收冷量储罐中的冷量并经过减压阀液化为液态空气存储在储液罐中。
所述释能时,储液罐中液态空气经过液态泵加压到高压状态,然后经过蓄冷回热器中释放冷量汽化为气态高压空气,蓄冷回热器吸收的冷量存储在冷量储罐中,高压空气进入到膨胀机组中进行膨胀做功。
系统包括:压缩机组、气态存储装置、液态存储装置和膨胀机组,经过压缩机组的高压空气经过三通及控制阀门分别进入到气态存储装置和液态存储装置中;所述液态存储装置由蓄冷回热器、减压阀、储液罐和液态泵组成,储能时,经过压缩机组的高压空气进入到蓄冷回热器中吸收冷量存储罐中的冷量降低到低温状态,然后经过减压阀减压液化为液态空气并存储在储液罐中;释能时,储液罐中的液态空气经过液态泵加压到高压状态,然后经过蓄冷回热器中释放冷量汽化为气态高压空气,蓄冷回热器吸收的冷量存储在冷量罐中,高压空气进入到膨胀机组中进行膨胀做功。
所述压缩机组由多级压缩机和级间冷却器组成,级间冷却器利用导热油将级间热量导入到热量储罐中。
所述膨胀机组由多级膨胀机和级间再热器组成,高压空气先进入到级间再热器中吸收热量储罐中的热量,然后进入到膨胀机中膨胀做功。
所述气态存储装置为储气罐,容量满足短时间的低价电能存储,经过压缩机组的高压空气冷却到常温后进入到储气罐中进行存储;释能时,储气罐中的高压空气直接进入到膨胀机组中膨胀做功。
本发明的有益效果在于:
对LAES系统进行改造采用气态储气罐和液态储罐相互结合的方式进行存储,两者互相取长补短。利用液态储罐的高储能密度特性弥补气态储罐储能密度较低的特点,这样能够解决纯气态存储的大型储气罐高成本问题和天然储气室的地理限制问题;利用小型储气装置的快速响应特性和储能效率高于纯液态存储储能效率的优点,以弥补纯液态空气存储的释能响应速度较低和储能效率低于纯气态空气存储的不足。在满足大规模电能存储需求的前提下,既可以避免大型压缩空气储能系统采用人工储罐的高成本问题,同时又避免了液态压缩空气储能系统储能效率相对偏低和系统释能响应较慢的缺点,而且该系统又不受地理因素的限制,储能电站的选址可以为任何需要进行电能存储的地方。
附图说明
图1是本发明的四级压缩、四级膨胀的LAES系统图
具体实施方式
下面结合附图,对实施例作详细说明。
一种提高LAES系统效率和响应速度的方法和系统。方法包括:在现有的液态压缩空气储能系统的基础上增加气态存储装置,储能时优先将高压空气存入气态存储装置,当气态存储装置空气储满后将其余高压空气液化后存入液态存储装置中;释能时优先将气态存储装置中的高压空气释放膨胀做功,在气态存储装置中高压空气不足时释放液态存储装置中液态空气汽化膨胀做功。
所述储能时,空气经过多级压缩,压缩热量存储在热量储罐中,经过蓄冷回热器时吸收冷量储罐中的冷量并经过减压阀液化为液态空气存储在储液罐中。
所述释能时,储液罐中液态空气经过液态泵加压到高压状态,然后经过蓄冷回热器中释放冷量汽化为气态高压空气,蓄冷回热器吸收的冷量存储在冷量储罐中,高压空气进入到膨胀机组中进行膨胀做功。
系统包括:压缩机组、气态存储装置、液态存储装置和膨胀机组,经过压缩机组的高压空气经过三通及控制阀门分别进入到气态存储装置和液态存储装置中;所述液态存储装置由蓄冷回热器、减压阀、储液罐和液态泵组成,储能时,经过压缩机组的高压空气进入到蓄冷回热器中吸收冷量存储罐中的冷量降低到低温状态,然后经过减压阀减压液化为液态空气并存储在储液罐中;释能时,储液罐中的液态空气经过液态泵加压到高压状态,然后经过蓄冷回热器中释放冷量汽化为气态高压空气,蓄冷回热器吸收的冷量存储在冷量罐中,高压空气进入到膨胀机组中进行膨胀做功。
所述压缩机组由多级压缩机和级间冷却器组成,级间冷却器利用导热油将级间热量导入到热量储罐中。
所述膨胀机组由多级膨胀机和级间再热器组成,高压空气先进入到级间再热器中吸收热量储罐中的热量,然后进入到膨胀机中膨胀做功。
所述气态存储装置为储气罐,容量满足短时间的低价电能存储,经过压缩机组的高压空气冷却到常温后进入到储气罐中进行存储;释能时,储气罐中的高压空气直接进入到膨胀机组中膨胀做功。
如图1所示,以某四级压缩、四级膨胀的液态压缩空气储能系统为例,进行了增加气态储气室改造,并进行具体实施方式说明。
在储能阶段时
1)若需要存储的电能较少,或者在用电低谷的时长较短,这样并不需要较大储气装置,可以直接利用压缩机组将空气压缩到高压状态存储在气态储气罐中;
2)若需要存储的电能较多,或者在用电低谷的时间较长,需要进行长时间的电能存储,则需要先将高压空气压入储气罐中,因为储气罐的储气量有限,当储气罐内存储的空气储满时,则将其余的高压空气通入到蓄冷回热器中,吸收冷量后经过减压阀液化为液态空气存储在液态存储装置中,因为液态存储装置的储能密度较大,可以存储大量的电能。
在释能阶段时
1)当电网出现电能需求大于供应时,需要由压缩空气储能系统及时进行电能释放,可以将储气罐中的高压空气进行释放,通过膨胀机组进行膨胀做功,为电网及时提供电能。气态存储装置的快速响应特性能够在电网用电高峰时及时释放电能,保证电网的稳定性。
2)因为气态储气罐储存的高压空气有限,释能时长较短。当储气罐中的高压空气快要不足时,液态储气装置及时启动,继续作为动力源推动膨胀机做功。
压缩空气采用气态存储与液态存储相耦合的方式,这样不仅能够保证有足够多的电能供应,也弥补了液态储气装置释能响应较慢的缺点,而且使液态压缩空气储能系统的储能效率相对提高了。
此实施例仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (7)

1.一种提高LAES系统效率和响应速度的方法,其特征在于,包括:在现有的液态压缩空气储能系统的基础上增加气态存储装置,储能时优先将高压空气存入气态存储装置,当气态存储装置空气储满后将其余高压空气液化后存入液态存储装置中;释能时优先将气态存储装置中的高压空气释放膨胀做功,在气态存储装置中高压空气不足时释放液态存储装置中液态空气汽化膨胀做功。
2.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,所述储能时,空气经过多级压缩,压缩热量存储在热量储罐中,经过蓄冷回热器时吸收冷量储罐中的冷量并经过减压阀液化为液态空气存储在储液罐中。
3.根据权利要求1所述方法,其特征在于,所述释能时,储液罐中液态空气经过液态泵加压到高压状态,然后经过蓄冷回热器中释放冷量汽化为气态高压空气,蓄冷回热器吸收的冷量存储在冷量储罐中,高压空气进入到膨胀机组中进行膨胀做功。
4.一种提高LAES系统效率和响应速度的系统,其特征在于,包括:压缩机组、气态存储装置、液态存储装置和膨胀机组,经过压缩机组的高压空气经过三通及控制阀门分别进入到气态存储装置和液态存储装置中;所述液态存储装置由蓄冷回热器、减压阀、储液罐和液态泵组成,储能时,经过压缩机组的高压空气进入到蓄冷回热器中吸收冷量存储罐中的冷量降低到低温状态,然后经过减压阀减压液化为液态空气并存储在储液罐中;释能时,储液罐中的液态空气经过液态泵加压到高压状态,然后经过蓄冷回热器中释放冷量汽化为气态高压空气,蓄冷回热器吸收的冷量存储在冷量罐中,高压空气进入到膨胀机组中进行膨胀做功。
5.根据权利要求4所述系统,其特征在于,所述压缩机组由多级压缩机和级间冷却器组成,级间冷却器利用导热油将级间热量导入到热量储罐中。
6.根据权利要求4所述系统,其特征在于,所述膨胀机组由多级膨胀机和级间再热器组成,高压空气先进入到级间再热器中吸收热量储罐中的热量,然后进入到膨胀机中膨胀做功。
7.根据权利要求4所述系统,其特征在于,所述气态存储装置为储气罐,容量满足短时间的低价电能存储,经过压缩机组的高压空气冷却到常温后进入到储气罐中进行存储;释能时,储气罐中的高压空气直接进入到膨胀机组中膨胀做功。
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