CN108253728A - 一种高效液化空气储能系统 - Google Patents

一种高效液化空气储能系统 Download PDF

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CN108253728A
CN108253728A CN201810017225.6A CN201810017225A CN108253728A CN 108253728 A CN108253728 A CN 108253728A CN 201810017225 A CN201810017225 A CN 201810017225A CN 108253728 A CN108253728 A CN 108253728A
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air
liquid
liquid air
liquefied
energy
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谢英柏
薛晓东
王鹏辉
提梦桃
杨凯中
徐承美
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North China Electric Power University Baoding
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North China Electric Power University Baoding
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Abstract

一种高效液化空气储能系统，它包括空气加压系统、液化空气储能系统及液态空气释能发电系统。本发明是将空气进行处理后，经过空气压缩机进行压缩，进入冷却箱冷却之后，通过低温节流阀进行节流液化，然后进入气液分离器，气态空气返回冷箱，而一部分液态空气通过液态空气流量调节阀进入液态空气储罐A进行储存，另一部分则到达液态空气储罐B准备进行发电；将液态空气储罐B当中的液态空气引出并且被低温泵加压后被加热，最终到达透平进行膨胀做功，透平的机械能一部分用来直接驱动空气压缩机，剩余部分则带动发电机进行旋转发电。本发明是一种高效液化空气的储能技术，无污染，应用前景广阔。

Description

一种高效液化空气储能系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高效液化空气储能系统，尤其是一种利用新能源发电或夜间富余电能的高效液化空气储能系统，属于绿色能源技术领域。
背景技术
随着社会的快速发展，电能的需求量日益增长。电能属于二次能源，主要来源有火力发电、水力发电、核能发电、风力发电及太阳能发电等，目前发电比例最大的是基于煤、天然气等化石能源燃烧的火力发电技术。然而，由于化石能源的不可再生性，长期、大量的使用将使其不可避免地面临耗尽的危机，同时对自然环境带来难以估量的破坏。因此，可再生能源的开发和利用具有很强的必要性和迫切性。由于可再生能源的间歇性和不确定性，造成一部分能源利用效率低下，难以实现大规模集中利用。
在过去的十几年中，对于风能、太阳能等新能源的研究在逐步进行。但与此配套的电力运输网络建设和电力网络的调峰能力却相对落后，对于间歇式新能源发电的并网应用也困难重重。因此，人们迫切需要安全有效并且可靠的储能技术。电能储能技术通过某种介质存储电能，在需要时向供电网络供电。储能技术的这种离散式储能、释能的特点，使它能够“削峰填谷”，并且平衡供电负荷。
大规模储能技术是提高可再生能源能量密度与稳定性的重要手段，可应用于大规模可再生能源并网、能源互联网的智能调控、应急电源等。目前受到广泛关注的大规模储能技术主要有电池储能、抽水蓄能、压缩空气储能和液化空气储能等。但是抽水蓄能需要水资源作为支撑，压缩空气储能对储气室的要求较高。相比于抽水储能和压缩空气储能，近年来开发的液化空气储能系统有着许多优良的特性，如不受地理条件的限制、可以在低压条件下安全储存、可以在现有设备上运行等。因此，为克服传统压缩空气储能与抽水蓄能所存在的问题，近些年来国内外学者相继开展液态空气储能技术的研究，以低温液态空气作为储能介质，可显著提高储能密度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种高效液化空气储能系统。
本发明所述问题是以下述技术方案实现的：
一种高效液化空气储能系统，它包括空气加压系统、液化空气储能系统及液态空气释能发电系统。本发明是将空气进行处理后，经过空气压缩机进行压缩，进入冷却箱冷却之后，通过低温节流阀进行节流液化，然后进入气液分离器，气态空气返回冷箱，而一部分液态空气通过液态空气流量调节阀进入液态空气储罐A进行储存，另一部分则到达液态空气储罐B准备进行发电；将液态空气储罐B当中的液态空气引出并且被低温泵加压后被加热，最终到达透平进行膨胀做功，透平的机械能一部分用来直接驱动空气压缩机，剩余部分则带动发电机进行旋转发电；
所述空气加压系统由空气定压罐，空气压缩机A，换热器A，空气压缩机B，换热器B，储热器，储冷器组成；
所述液化空气储能系统由冷却箱，低温节流阀，气液分离器，液态空气流量调节阀A，液态空气储罐A，液态空气流量调节阀B，液态空气储罐B组成；
所述液态空气释能发电系统由低温泵，气化换热器，蓄冷罐，蓄热罐，换热器C，透平A，换热器D，透平B，发生器，发电机组成。
上述一种高效液化空气储能系统，所述液化空气储能系统中采用液态空气流量调节阀，通过调节流量使一部分空气到达液态空气储罐A进行储存，另外一部分液态空气到达液态空气储罐B准备进行发电。
上述一种高效液化空气储能系统，所述液态空气释能发电系统中采用发生器，由透平产生的机械能直接来驱动空气压缩机进行工作，多余的机械能带动发电机旋转发电。
另外，本发明还具有如下优点：
1、本发明使用新能源发电的电能，提高新能源的利用率；
2、本发明的循环工质为洁净空气，没有污染，不会对环境造成破坏；
3、本发明利用具有间歇性、不稳定性的新能源，新能源发电之后将其电能进一步转化成液态空气的低温冷能进行存储；将空气进行处理后，经过空气压缩机进行压缩，进入冷却箱冷却之后，通过低温节流阀进行节流液化，然后进入气液分离器，气态空气返回冷箱，而一部分液态空气通过液态空气流量调节阀进入液态空气储罐A进行储存，有效利用新能源，有广阔的应用前景。
4、本发明不受地理条件的限制，应用范围广，具有良好的商业前景。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步说明。
图1为本发明一种高效液化空气储能系统图。
图中各标号为：1、空气定压罐；2、空气压缩机A；3、换热器A；4、空气压缩机B；5、换热器B；6、冷却箱；7、低温节流阀；8、气液分离器；9、液态空气流量调节阀；10、液态空气储罐A；11、液态空气流量调节阀B；12、液态空气储罐B；13、低温泵；14、气化换热器；15、蓄冷罐；16、蓄热罐；17、换热器C；18、透平A；19、换热器D；20、透平B；21、发生器；22、发电机；23、储热器；24、储冷器。
具体实施方式
本发明是一种高效液化空气储能系统，该系统包括空气加压系统、液化空气储能系统及液态空气释能发电系统，这三种系统的结合实现本发明的目的，将空气进行处理后，经过空气压缩机进行压缩，进入冷却箱冷却之后，通过低温节流阀进行节流液化，然后进入气液分离器，气态空气返回冷箱，而一部分液态空气通过液态空气流量调节阀进入液态空气储罐A进行储存，另一部分则到达液态空气储罐B准备进行发电；将液态空气储罐B当中的液态空气引出并且被低温泵加压后被加热，最终到达透平进行膨胀做功，透平的机械能一部分用来直接驱动空气压缩机，剩余部分则带动发电机进行旋转发电；从而实现了新能源发电的有效利用，满足了用户在用电高峰期用电的需求。
整个系统由空气加压系统、液化空气储能系统及液态空气释能发电系统组成，如图1所示。空气加压系统由空气定压罐(1)，空气压缩机A(2)，换热器A(3)，空气压缩机B(4)，换热器B(5)，储热器(23)，储冷器(24)组成。该系统将空气进行处理后，经过空气压缩机进行压缩。
液化空气储能系统由冷却箱(6)，低温节流阀(7)，气液分离器(8)，液态空气流量调节阀A(9)，液态空气储罐A(10)，液态空气流量调节阀B(11)，液态空气储罐B(12)组成。该系统在被压缩的空气进入冷却箱冷却之后，通过低温节流阀进行节流液化，然后进入气液分离器，气态空气返回冷箱，而一部分液态空气通过液态空气流量调节阀进入液态空气储罐A进行储存，另一部分则到达液态空气储罐B准备进行发电。
液态空气释能发电系统由低温泵(13)，气化换热器(14)，蓄冷罐(15)，蓄热罐(16)，换热器C(17)，透平A(18)，换热器D(19)，透平B(20)，发生器(21)，发电机(22)组成。该系统在需要发电时，将液态空气储罐B当中的液态空气引出并且被低温泵加压后被加热，最终到达透平进行膨胀做功，透平的机械能一部分用来直接驱动空气压缩机，剩余部分则带动发电机进行旋转发电。
本发明一种高效液化空气储能系统，将具有间歇性、不稳定性的新能源，新能源发电之后将其电能进一步转化成液态空气的低温冷能进行存储；将空气进行处理后，经过空气压缩机进行压缩，进入冷却箱冷却之后，通过低温节流阀进行节流液化，然后进入气液分离器，气态空气返回冷箱，而一部分液态空气通过液态空气流量调节阀进入液态空气储罐A进行储存，有效利用新能源，使整个装置的使用寿命延长；
本发明一种高效液化空气储能系统，使用新能源发电的电能，以提高新能源的利用率，且不受地理条件的限制，采用的循环工质为洁净空气，没有污染，不会对环境造成破坏，经济效益高，应用范围广，商业前景广阔。
以上所述的具体实施方式，对本发明的目的、各个系统的工作流程进行了进一步的详细说明，从而实现了一种高效液化空气储能系统。

Claims (3)

1.一种高效液化空气储能系统，其特征在于，它包括空气加压系统、液化空气储能系统及液态空气释能发电系统三部分；
所述空气加压系统由空气定压罐(1)，空气压缩机A(2)，换热器A(3)，空气压缩机B(4)，换热器B(5)，储热器(23)，储冷器(24)组成；
所述液化空气储能系统由冷却箱(6)，低温节流阀(7)，气液分离器(8)，液态空气流量调节阀A(9)，液态空气储罐A(10)，液态空气流量调节阀B(11)，液态空气储罐B(12)组成；
所述液态空气释能发电系统由低温泵(13)，气化换热器(14)，蓄冷罐(15)，蓄热罐(16)，换热器C(17)，透平A(18)，换热器D(19)，透平B(20)，发生器(21)，发电机(22)组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种高效液化空气储能系统，其特征在于，液化空气储能系统中采用液态空气流量调节阀，通过调节流量使一部分空气到达液态空气储罐A进行储存，另外一部分液态空气到达液态空气储罐B准备进行发电。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种高效液化空气储能系统，其特征在于，液态空气释能发电系统中采用发生器，由透平产生的机械能直接来驱动空气压缩机进行工作，多余的机械能带动发电机旋转发电。
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