CN108559864A - A kind of new-energy automobile in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub and manufacturing method - Google Patents

A kind of new-energy automobile in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub and manufacturing method Download PDF

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CN108559864A
CN108559864A CN201810230489.XA CN201810230489A CN108559864A CN 108559864 A CN108559864 A CN 108559864A CN 201810230489 A CN201810230489 A CN 201810230489A CN 108559864 A CN108559864 A CN 108559864A
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melt
wheel hub
aluminium alloy
composite
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CN108559864B (en
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赵玉涛
陶然
陈刚
王坤
李维玉
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Jiangsu University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00—Hubs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C22C1/1047—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites
    • C22C1/1052—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt by mixing and casting liquid metal matrix composites by mixing and casting metal matrix composites with reaction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/04—Modified aluminium-silicon alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0005—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with at least one oxide and at least one of carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B2360/00—Materials; Physical forms thereof
    • B60B2360/10—Metallic materials
    • B60B2360/104—Aluminum
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B2360/00—Materials; Physical forms thereof
    • B60B2360/30—Synthetic materials
    • B60B2360/36—Composite materials

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of antifatigue in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub of new-energy automobile high-strength light and manufacturing methods.It is chemically reacted by melt in situ, realizes that nano-particles reinforcement is strengthened with Orowan reinforcings+refined crystalline strengthening, integrate long-acting composite inoculating and composite refining, realize refined crystalline strengthening.Using nitrogen argon composite rotating blowing refining+aluminium rare earth purification techniques; realize the multistage deep purifying of aluminum melt; the characteristic for being more than air using argon gas density forms protective layer in bath surface; and the introducing of aluminium rare earth intermediate alloy is combined to generate the midbody compound that density is more than particle, effectively realize depth high-efficient purification.Finally by the New Low Voltage forming technique of consecutive solidification+rapid crystallization, since crystallization time shortens, Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing shortens in Technique of Casting Microstructure, structure refinement, and enhance feeding effect, keep cast structure finer and close, obtains high-strength plasticity, high antifatigue and the high wheel hub of consistency.

Description

A kind of new-energy automobile in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub and manufacturing method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of antifatigue in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub of new-energy automobile high-strength light and manufactures Method belongs to new-energy automobile wheel hub preparing technical field.
Background technology
Currently, global as the new-energy automobile of representative using pure electric automobile, hybrid vehicle, fuel cell car Rapid growth.However, new-energy automobile is influenced by factors such as battery weight and course continuation mileages, lightweight requirements are more compeled It cuts.Research shows that：New-energy automobile replaces traditional aluminium wheels using high-strength light aluminium alloy wheel hub, can reduce vehicle energy consumption and reach 3%.Simultaneously as new-energy automobile generally overweights same level orthodox car, wheel hub borne load bigger to intensity and resists Fatigue behaviour requires higher.Therefore, new-energy automobile wheel hub is very high to lightweight and performance requirement.
A356.2 aluminium alloys are with its excellent casting character, machining property, heat treatment synthesizing design performance and resist Fatigue behaviour becomes the main material of automotive hub.Chinese patent 200910131282.8 discloses a kind of wheel hub of aluminium alloy, It is that Sr and mixed rare earth is further used to implement alloying on the basis of existing A356.2 alloys, effectively Si can be become Matter improves performance.Chinese patent 201610054783.0 discloses a kind of automotive hub dedicated aluminium alloy ingot and preparation method thereof, On the basis of A356.2 alloys, Ti, Eu, La element is added and adjusts the content of Si, Mn, Mg element, alloy structure can be played Rotten and refining effect, improves the mechanical property of aluminium alloy wheel hub.However, above-mentioned technology still remains following disadvantage And deficiency：(1) use of a large amount of expensive rare earth elements, improves the cost of material manufacture；(2) it is analysed by traditional alloy It is limited to go out to strengthen the strong plasticity for improving material, often reduces plasticity and improves intensity；(3) content of rare earth is difficult control, It is excessive that the performance that can reduce material instead is added.Therefore it is badly in need of developing a kind of novel hub material.
In recent years, since particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material has gradually been applied to the material of wheel hub, especially in-situ preparation Nanoparticle reinforced aluminum-based composite, since its nanometer of reinforcement is by chemically reacting original position forming core, length from aluminum substrate Big thermodynamically stable phase, therefore reinforcement surface no-pollution, avoid the problem bad with matrix compatibility, and interface cohesion is strong Degree is high, and it has higher specific strength, specific modulus, good heat resistance, rub resistance, corrosion resistant with nanometer size effect Corrosion and outstanding anti-fatigue ability are the important means for improving aluminium alloys for automobile material comprehensive mechanical property, it has also become The research hotspot of new-energy automobile high-strength light wheel hub.But it is easily had the following problems in its manufacturing process：(1) melt is direct Reaction method, reaction residues are easy to retain in the melt, and enter melt since the generation fluctuation of melt inside is easy volume gas；(2) The nano particle of generation is easy to reunite, and is unevenly distributed, therefore easy to produce defect, consistency is low.
Invention content
Present invention aims in view of the deficiencies of the prior art, develop a kind of high-strength light in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel Hub and manufacturing method are purified using multiple nano particle in situ with Age-prrcipitation Phase cooperative reinforcing, melt depth and high-densit low Molded technology significantly improves strong plasticity, the fatigue resistance of wheel hub.
A kind of manufacturing method of high-strength light in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub of the present invention passes through melt in situ chemistry Reaction realizes that nano-particles reinforcement is strengthened with Orowan reinforcings+refined crystalline strengthening, integrates long-acting composite inoculating and composite refining, Realize refined crystalline strengthening.Using nitrogen argon composite rotating blowing refining+aluminium-rare-earth purification techniques, realize that the multistage depth of aluminum melt is net Change, the characteristic that air is more than using argon gas density forms protective layer in bath surface, and combines the introducing of Al-RE intermediate alloys The midbody compound that density is more than particle is generated, effectively realizes depth high-efficient purification.Finally by consecutive solidification+rapid crystallization New Low Voltage forming technique, since crystallization time shortens, Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing shortens in Technique of Casting Microstructure, and tissue is thin Change, and enhance feeding effect, keep cast structure finer and close, obtains high-strength plasticity, high antifatigue and the high wheel of consistency Hub.
The manufacturing method of the present invention includes the following steps：
(1) melting of alloy：A356.2 alloys are melted at 720-780 DEG C and keep the temperature 10min.The A356.2 alloys For commercial alloy, chemical composition is：Si 6.5-7, Mg 0.3-0.4, Fe 0.1-0.15, Cu≤0.1, Mn≤0.05, Zn ≤ 0.05, surplus Al.
(2) fabricated in situ nano particle：The melt of step (1) melting and heat preservation is brought rapidly up to 830-870 DEG C, is passed through The reactant powders dried are added in high purity graphite bell jar, while 30min is reacted in application sound magnetic coupling field, is then cooled to 720- 760 DEG C of heat preservations.
(3) adjustment of Mg, Si content and the introducing of alterant, fining agent：Pure Mg and Al-Si intermediate alloys are added and are walked Suddenly it in the melt that (2) are obtained, is rotated using graphite stirring rotator and promotes to mix and keep the temperature 10min, then by Al-Sr and Al- RE composite modifiers and Al-Ti-B and Al-Ti-C composite refining agents, are stirred using graphite and keep the temperature 15min.
(4) purification of melt：Step (3) acquisition melt is warming up to 750-780 DEG C, refining agent is sprayed by spray gun and is melted Preliminary purification is carried out in body, Al-Ce intermediate alloys are then added, stands and keep the temperature 10-15min, carries out double purification；Finally will The gas rotating nozzle of graphite is passed through after a certain proportion of nitrogen and argon gas mixing, by the graphite that rotating speed is 300-600r/min Nozzle stretches into melt, then by mixed gas with 0.2-0.5m3The flow of/h, which sprays into melt, refines 10-20min, stands 5- 10min。
(5) low pressure casting is molded：Wait for that the melt temperature that step (4) obtains is down to 720-750 DEG C, by melt merging low pressure casting The graphite crucible stove (temperature is 680-750 DEG C) of secret envelope, then passes to dry air, melt is 0.04- in gas pressure The mold that temperature is 300-400 DEG C is ascended into along stalk with the speed of 25-45mm/s under the action of 0.08MPa, waits for mold It fills up, water cooling mold, increases the pressure of 0.006-0.04MPa, pressurize 250-400s, it is multiple to obtain in-situ nano for release of pressure pickup Close reinforced aluminium alloy casting.
(6) it is heat-treated：The hub cast that step (5) is obtained carries out T6 heat treatments, solution hardening：530-550 DEG C of temperature, Soaking time 4h-8h, water quenching；Artificial aging：170-180 DEG C of temperature, soaking time 2-6h.It is strong finally to obtain high-strength in-situ nano Change aluminium alloy wheel hub.
The ingredient of the nano particle of fabricated in situ in the step (2) according to melt in step (2) weight percent Than for：The nanometer ZrB of 1-3%2, 2-4% nanometer Al2O3With the nanometer TiB of 1-5%2It is ternary granulated.ZrB2And TiB2Along crystal boundary It is uniformly distributed, effectively pin crystal boundary and the migration of crystal boundary can be hindered, crystal grain thinning, and Al2O3It is to be uniformly distributed transgranular, with base Body bond strength is high, plays the effect of dispersion-strengtherning, improves the mechanical property of composite material.
It is K to prepare the reactant powders described in enhancing particle2ZrF6、K2TiF6And Na2B4O7.Its mass ratio is：6-8：7- 9：10-12 (generates Al in order to prevent3Zr and Al3Ti, borax need excess 50%-70%), powder addition is to be melted in step (2) The 20-40% of body.
The sound magnetic coupling field is low frequency pulsed magnetic fields and high-energy ultrasonic field combined field, low frequency pulsed magnetic fields, frequency are 10-20Hz, magnetic force electric current are 100-200A；High-energy ultrasonic field, power 1000-1500W, frequency 15-30kHz；Sound magnetic coupling The acoustic streaming movement in two kinds of directions can be generated by closing field, the phenomenon that caused by can avoid single magnetic field on the outside of particle segregation and single ultrasound The acoustic streaming movement of field causes cavitation bubble to be axially distributed along amplitude transformer；And sound magnetic coupling field can guarantee entire aluminium alloy melt mass transfer Turn thermal process to carry out completely so that each region even concentration in aluminium alloy melt inhibits growing up for particle.Therefore sound magnetic coupling The shortcomings that field not only can be to avoid single one physical field, moreover it is possible to the advantages of amplifying single one physical field.
The adjustment of Mg, Si content is that the content of Mg is made to reach 0.4-0.45, and the content of Si reaches 6.5-7.5, The purpose Mg and Si elements that on the one hand supplement is consumed by pyroreaction, on the other hand advanced optimize containing for Mg and Si elements Amount improves Mg2The volume fraction of Si Age-prrcipitation Phases, enhancing Precipitation are strengthened, and the tensile strength of material is improved.
The composite modifier is among the Al-10%Sr of the 0.1-0.2wt.% of step (2) obtained melt quality The Al-10%RE intermediate alloys of alloy and 0.1-0.2wt.% can improve conventional Al-Sr intermediate alloys modification effect easily with melt Soaking time increase and the problem of fail, therefore exploitation composite inoculating technology, guarantee modification effect and usage time it is good It is good to combine, so that coarse common reciever is become fiber fines shape, improves its strong plasticity.
The composite refining agent is the Al-5%Ti-1%B of the 0.1-0.2wt.% of step (2) obtained melt quality The Al-5%Ti-0.2%C intermediate alloys of intermediate alloy and 0.1-0.2wt.%, one side Al-Ti-C can make up in Al-Ti-B Between " poisoning " phenomenon (TiB that occurs during alloy refinement2Particle is easy sedimentation, thinning effect decline, and easily becomes and split Line extended source), since TiC particle sizes are small in another aspect Al-Ti-C fining agents, the small particle of size cannot reduce critical crystalline substance The forming core curvature of core, thinning effect is good not as good as Al-Ti-B intermediate alloys, therefore develops composite refining technology, makes to reach best thin Change effect, the strong plasticity and fatigue behaviour of material are improved by refined crystalline strengthening.
The purification of the melt is broadly divided into rare earth purification and rotary jet refining.After preliminary purification, step is added Suddenly the Al-10%Ce intermediate alloys of the 0.1-0.3wt.% for the melt quality that (3) obtain, are allowed to and Al2O3Particle reacts, It generates density and is much larger than Al2O3Ce2O3, subsidence velocity faster, effectively realizes to tiny Al2O3The removing of field trash；So The nitrogen argon composite rotating blowing refining, the volume ratio of nitrogen and argon gas is used to be afterwards：3-6：1-5 is more than sky using argon gas density The characteristic of gas reduces inspiratory phenomenon when aluminum anodizing, reduces the air content of molten aluminum in bath surface forming layer, aluminum casting Stomata, needle pore defect are decreased obviously, and the refining effect for combining nitrogen excellent, realize high-efficient purification effect, are reduced due to gas The defect generated with field trash improves material property.
The low pressure casting molding refers to the New Low Voltage forming technique of consecutive solidification+rapid crystallization.One side low pressure Casting mould by it is traditional it is air-cooled be changed to water cooling, so that casting cooling velocity is increased, accelerate consecutive solidification, crystallization time shortens, casting Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing shortens in part microstructure, structure refinement；When on the other hand by raising low pressure casting solidification and crystallization Pressure solidifies under stress after aluminum liquid filling type, persistently applies pressure, melt while improving feeding effect to molten aluminum Crystallization and freezing under stress realizes densification and the crystal grain refinement of wheel hub, hence it is evident that carry high-strength plasticity and fatigue behaviour.
A kind of high-strength light in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub proposed by the present invention and preparation method, utilize multiple elements design Nano reinforcement technology+composite modifying-refining technology+advanced purification technology+low pressure molding technology obtains in-situ nano distribution of particles The uniformly eutectic Si of (particle size 20-100nm), crystal grain tiny (make crystal grain refinement to ASTM standard 4 grades) and fiber fines shape The in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub of phase, performance reach tensile strength >=320MPa, yield strength >=240MPa, elongation percentage >=8%, therefore wheel hub prepared by the present invention can reduce new-energy automobile energy consumption, enhance cruising ability, make braking, turning, speed-raising Deng sensitiveer, raising safety.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the manufacturing process flow diagram of the present invention
Fig. 2 is (a) routine A356.2 alloy-steel casting metallographic structure figures, (b) in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy casting of the present invention Metallographic structure figure.It can be seen that, fiber fines shape Si tiny using crystal grain in hub cast produced by the present invention from two metallographs The crystal boundary that hands down is distributed.
Fig. 3 is in-situ nano distribution of particles and shape appearance figure.It can be seen from the figure that using hub cast produced by the present invention In in-situ nano it is evengranular along crystal boundary be distributed, and its particle be in hexagon, spherical shape and square, respectively ZrB2、 Al2O3And TiB2.
Fig. 4 is the stress strain curve of material, and (a) routine A356.2 alloy-steel castings are (b) the in-situ nano reinforced aluminum of the present invention Alloy hub cast.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with attached drawing:Following embodiment is being with technical solution of the present invention Under the premise of implemented, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to Following embodiments.
Embodiment 1：
The preparation of in-situ nano particulate reinforced composite：100Kg commercialization A356.2 alloy raw materials are melted at 750 DEG C And 10min is kept the temperature, when being continuously heating to 850 DEG C, the K of drying and mixed grinding at 200 DEG C is added portionwise2ZrF6、K2TiF6With Na2B4O7(its addition is respectively powder：4174g, 5714g, 7415g, the ZrB of generation2, TiB2And Al2O3Matter between particle Amount is than being 1:1:, while unlatching sound magnetic coupling field (magnetic field 2)：Frequency 10Hz, magnetic force electric current 100A；Ultrasound：Power 1000W, frequency Rate 20kHz) reaction 30min, reacts the dross for terminating removal bath surface, waits for that temperature is down to 750 DEG C of heat preservations.
The adjustment of ingredient and the addition of composite modifying-refining agent：By the pure Mg of the 0.4wt.% of melt quality and The Al-20%Si intermediate alloys of 0.35wt.% are added in melt, and the rotation of graphite stirring rotator is used to promote to mix and protect simultaneously Warm 10min, then by the Al-10%RE composite modifiers and 0.1wt.% of the Al-10%Sr of 0.1wt.% and 0.1wt.% Al-5%Ti-1%B and 0.1% Al-5%Ti-0.5%C composite refining agents, immediately open graphite rotator stir and keep the temperature 15min。
The purification of melt：Melt is warming up to 780 DEG C, sprays into refining agent carbon trichloride and carries out preliminary purification, is then added The Al-10%Ce intermediate alloys of 0.1wt.% stand and keep the temperature 10-15min, carry out double purification, are finally 3 by ratio:1 Nitrogen and argon gas are passed through the gas rotating nozzle of graphite, and the graphite nozzle that rotating speed is 300r/min is stretched into aluminum melt, is mixed Inert gas is closed with 0.2m3The flow of/h, which sprays into melt, refines 20min, stands 10min.
Low pressure casting is molded：Wait for that melt temperature is down to 750 DEG C, by the graphite crucible stove of melt merging low pressure casting machine sealing (temperature is 750 DEG C), is passed through dry air, melt is under the action of gas pressure is 0.05MPa with the speed edge of 25mm/s Stalk ascends into the mold that temperature is 300 DEG C, waits for that mold fills up, increases the pressure of 0.03MPa, pressurize 300s, release of pressure takes Part obtains in-situ nano complex intensifying aluminum alloy die casting.
T6 is heat-treated：The die-casting blank for cutting off dead head and overlap is put into heat-treatment furnace, solution hardening：Temperature 545 DEG C, soaking time 4h, water quenching；Artificial aging：180 DEG C of temperature, soaking time 6h.High-strength in-situ nano reinforced aluminum is finally obtained to close Golden wheel hub.
Its mechanical property of sampling and testing on wheel hub, tensile strength 325MPa, yield strength 243MPa, elongation percentage are 11.5%.Under conditions of moment of flexure is 2554Nm, rotating speed is 500r/min and nut torque is 120Nm, flexural fatigue Test life is more than 6 × 105It is secondary, and increase shifting amount and be less than the 20% of initial offset, performance is qualified.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of in-situ nano particulate reinforced composite：100Kg commercialization A356.2 alloy raw materials are melted at 750 DEG C And 10min is kept the temperature, when being continuously heating to 850 DEG C, the K of drying and mixed grinding at 200 DEG C is added portionwise2ZrF6、K2TiF6With Na2B4O7(its addition is respectively powder：3542g, 5134g, 6844g, the ZrB of generation2, TiB2And Al2O3Matter between particle Amount is than being 1:2:2, while unlatching sound magnetic coupling field (magnetic field：Frequency 10Hz, magnetic force electric current 100A；Ultrasound：Power 1000W, frequency 30min 20kHz) is reacted, reaction terminates the dross of removal bath surface, waits for that temperature is down to 750 DEG C of heat preservations.
The adjustment of ingredient and the addition of composite modifying-refining agent：By the pure Mg of the 0.4wt.% of melt quality and The Al-20%Si intermediate alloys of 0.35wt.% are added in melt, and the rotation of graphite stirring rotator is used to promote to mix and protect simultaneously Warm 10min, then by the Al-10%RE composite modifiers and 0.2wt.% of the Al-10%Sr of 0.2wt.% and 0.2wt.% Al-5%Ti-1%B and 0.2wt.% Al-5%Ti-0.5%C composite refining agents, immediately open graphite rotator stir and protect Warm 15min.
The purification of melt：Melt is warming up to 780 DEG C, sprays into refining agent carbon trichloride and carries out preliminary purification, is then added The Al-10%Ce intermediate alloys of 0.2wt.% stand and keep the temperature 10-15min, carry out double purification, are finally 3 by ratio:1 Nitrogen and argon gas are passed through the gas rotating nozzle of graphite, and the graphite nozzle that rotating speed is 300r/min is stretched into aluminum melt, is mixed Inert gas is closed with 0.2m3The flow of/h, which sprays into melt, refines 20min, stands 10min.
Low pressure casting is molded：Wait for that melt temperature is down to 750 DEG C, by the graphite crucible stove of melt merging low pressure casting machine sealing (temperature is 750 DEG C), is passed through dry air, melt is under the action of gas pressure is 0.06MPa with the speed edge of 25mm/s Stalk ascends into the mold that temperature is 300 DEG C, waits for that mold fills up, increases the pressure of 0.035MPa, pressurize 300s, release of pressure takes Part obtains in-situ nano complex intensifying aluminum alloy wheel hub casts.
T6 is heat-treated：The low pressure spray for cutting off dead head and overlap is put into heat-treatment furnace, solution hardening：Temperature 545 DEG C, soaking time 4h, water quenching；Artificial aging：180 DEG C of temperature, soaking time 6h.High-strength in-situ nano is finally obtained to strengthen Aluminium alloy wheel hub.
Its mechanical property of sampling and testing on wheel hub, tensile strength 320MPa, yield strength 240MPa, elongation percentage are 9.1%.Under conditions of moment of flexure is 2554Nm, rotating speed is 500r/min and nut torque is 120Nm, flexural fatigue examination The service life is tested more than 6 × 105It is secondary, and increase shifting amount and be less than the 20% of initial offset, performance is qualified.
Embodiment 3
The preparation of in-situ nano particulate reinforced composite：100Kg commercialization A356.2 alloy raw materials are melted at 750 DEG C And 10min is kept the temperature, when being continuously heating to 850 DEG C, the K of drying and mixed grinding at 200 DEG C is added portionwise2ZrF6、K2TiF6With Na2B4O7(its addition is respectively powder：4174g, 5714g, 8786g, the ZrB of generation2, TiB2And Al2O3Matter between particle Amount is than being 1:1:, while unlatching sound magnetic coupling field (magnetic field 3)：Frequency 10Hz, magnetic force electric current 100A；Ultrasound：Power 1000W, frequency Rate 20kHz) reaction 30min, reacts the dross for terminating removal bath surface, waits for that temperature is down to 750 DEG C of heat preservations.
The adjustment of ingredient and the addition of composite modifying-refining agent：By the pure Mg of the 0.4wt.% of melt quality and The Al-20%Si intermediate alloys of 0.35wt.% are added in melt, and the rotation of graphite stirring rotator is used to promote to mix and protect simultaneously Warm 10min, then by the Al-10%RE composite modifiers and 0.1wt.% of the Al-10%Sr of 0.1wt.% and 0.1wt.% Al-5%Ti-1%B and 0.1wt.% Al-5%Ti-0.5%C composite refining agents, immediately open graphite rotator stir and protect Warm 15min.
The purification of melt：Melt is warming up to 780 DEG C, sprays into refining agent carbon trichloride and carries out preliminary purification, is then added The Al-10%Ce intermediate alloys of 0.1wt.% stand and keep the temperature 10-15min, carry out double purification, are finally 3 by ratio:1 Nitrogen and argon gas are passed through the gas rotating nozzle of graphite, and the graphite nozzle that rotating speed is 300r/min is stretched into aluminum melt, is mixed Inert gas is closed with 0.2m3The flow of/h, which sprays into melt, refines 20min, stands 10min.
Low pressure casting is molded：Wait for that melt temperature is down to 750 DEG C, by the graphite crucible stove of melt merging low pressure casting machine sealing (temperature is 750 DEG C), is passed through dry air, melt is under the action of gas pressure is 0.07MPa with the speed edge of 25mm/s Stalk ascends into the mold that temperature is 300 DEG C, waits for that mold fills up, increases the pressure of 0.04MPa, pressurize 300s, release of pressure takes Part obtains in-situ nano complex intensifying aluminum alloy wheel hub casts.
T6 is heat-treated：The low pressure spray for cutting off dead head and overlap is put into heat-treatment furnace, solution hardening：Temperature 545 DEG C, soaking time 4h, water quenching；Artificial aging：180 DEG C of temperature, soaking time 6h.High-strength in-situ nano is finally obtained to strengthen Aluminium alloy wheel hub.
Its mechanical property of sampling and testing on wheel hub, tensile strength 330MPa, yield strength 250MPa, elongation percentage are 13.65%.Under conditions of moment of flexure is 2554Nm, rotating speed is 500r/min and nut torque is 120Nm, flexural fatigue Test life is more than 6 × 105It is secondary, and increase shifting amount and be less than the 20% of initial offset, performance is qualified.
To sum up, the embodiment of the present invention has following remarkable result：Tensile strength, yield strength, elongation percentage and antifatigue Intensity is significantly improved；Above example is in the content of particle, and the content and freezing pressure of composite modifying-refining agent are It is different, it can be seen that composite refining modifying-refining agent should not be added too much, easy to produce modifying-refining effect, and appropriate The comprehensive performance of the consistency raising material of material can be improved in raising crystallization and freezing pressure and the content of particle, it can be seen that The comprehensive performance of invention example 3 is best, and performance indicator embodies the performance more excellent than matrix alloy, and every machine always Tool performance can meet the requirement of automotive hub material.
The present invention provides a kind of high-strength light in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub and its manufacturing method, and innovative development Multiple elements design nano reinforcement technology+composite modifying-refining technology+advanced purification technology+low pressure molding technology, obtains a kind of lightweight High-strength automotive hub provides reference frame to prepare high performance lightweight wheel hub from now on, have a vast market foreground and Economic value.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any made by repair Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of new-energy automobile manufacturing method of in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub, it is characterised in that：It will be to contain enhancing The mixed powder of element of volume prepares polynary nanometer as reactant, by in-situ synthesis and application sound magnetic coupling field enhances particle, It is chemically reacted by melt in situ, realizes that nano-particles reinforcement is strengthened with Orowan reinforcings+refined crystalline strengthening；Then pure Mg is added, Al-Si intermediate alloys, the long-acting composite modifiers of Al-Sr+Al-RE and Al-Ti-B+Al-Ti-C composite refining agents integrate long-acting multiple Rotten and composite refining is closed, realizes refined crystalline strengthening；It is real using nitrogen argon composite rotating blowing refining+aluminium-rare-earth purification techniques The multistage deep purifying of existing aluminum melt, the characteristic that air is more than using argon gas density forms protective layer in bath surface, and combines The introducing of Al-RE intermediate alloys generates the midbody compound that density is more than particle, effectively realizes depth high-efficient purification；Pass through The Low Pressure Casting Technology of consecutive solidification+rapid crystallization so that crystallization time shortens, Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing in Technique of Casting Microstructure It shortens, structure refinement, and enhance feeding effect, keep cast structure finer and close, it is high-strength finally to carry out heat treatment acquisition to casting Plasticity, high antifatigue and the high wheel hub of consistency.
2. a kind of manufacturing method of new-energy automobile in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub as described in claim 1, special Sign is, is as follows：
(1) melting of alloy：A356.2 alloys are melted at 720-780 DEG C and keep the temperature 10min；
(2) fabricated in situ nano particle：The melt of step (1) melting and heat preservation is brought rapidly up to 830-870 DEG C, by high-purity The reactant powders dried are added in graphite bell jar, while 30min is reacted in application sound magnetic coupling field, is then cooled to 720-760 DEG C heat preservation；
(3) adjustment of Mg, Si content and the introducing of alterant, fining agent：Step is added in pure Mg and Al-Si intermediate alloys (2) it in the melt obtained, is rotated using graphite stirring rotator and promotes to mix and keep the temperature 10min, then by Al-Sr and Al-RE Composite modifier and Al-Ti-B and Al-Ti-C composite refining agents, are stirred using graphite and keep the temperature 15min；
(4) purification of melt：Step (3) acquisition melt is warming up to 750-780 DEG C, refining agent is sprayed by spray gun in melt Preliminary purification is carried out, Al-Ce intermediate alloys are then added, stands and keep the temperature 10-15min, carries out double purification；Finally by nitrogen It is passed through the gas rotating nozzle of graphite after being mixed with argon gas, the graphite nozzle that rotating speed is 300-600r/min is stretched into melt In, then by mixed gas with 0.2-0.5m3The flow of/h, which sprays into melt, refines 10-20min, stands 5-10min；
(5) low pressure casting is molded：Wait for that the melt temperature that step (4) obtains is down to 720-750 DEG C, melt merging low pressure casting machine is close The graphite crucible stove that the temperature of envelope is 680-750 DEG C, then passes to dry air, and melt is 0.04- in gas pressure The mold that temperature is 300-400 DEG C is ascended into along stalk with the speed of 25-45mm/s under the action of 0.08MPa, waits for mold It fills up, water cooling mold, increases the pressure of 0.006-0.04MPa, pressurize 250-400s, it is multiple to obtain in-situ nano for release of pressure pickup Close reinforced aluminium alloy casting；
(6) it is heat-treated：The hub cast that step (5) is obtained carries out T6 heat treatments, solution hardening：530-550 DEG C of temperature, heat preservation Time 4h-8h, water quenching；Artificial aging：170-180 DEG C of temperature, soaking time 2-6h；New-energy automobile is finally obtained to be received in situ Rice reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub.
3. a kind of manufacturing method of new-energy automobile in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub as claimed in claim 2, special Sign is, the ingredient of the nano particle of the fabricated in situ in the step (2) according to melt in step (2) weight percent For：The nanometer ZrB of 1-3%2, 2-4% nanometer Al2O3With the nanometer TiB of 1-5%2It is ternary granulated；ZrB2And TiB2It is equal along crystal boundary Even distribution effectively pin crystal boundary and can hinder the migration of crystal boundary, crystal grain thinning, and Al2O3It is to be uniformly distributed transgranular, with matrix Bond strength is high, plays the effect of dispersion-strengtherning, improves the mechanical property of composite material.
4. a kind of manufacturing method of new-energy automobile in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub as claimed in claim 2, special Sign is that it is K to prepare the reactant powders described in enhancing particle2ZrF6、K2TiF6And Na2B4O7, mass ratio is：6-8：7-9： 10-12 generates Al in order to prevent3Zr and Al3Ti, it is melt in step (2) that borax, which needs excess 50%-70%, powder addition, 20-40%.
5. a kind of manufacturing method of new-energy automobile in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub as claimed in claim 2, special Sign is that the sound magnetic coupling field is low frequency pulsed magnetic fields and high-energy ultrasonic field combined field, low frequency pulsed magnetic fields, frequency are 10-20Hz, magnetic force electric current are 100-200A；High-energy ultrasonic field, power 1000-1500W, frequency 15-30kHz；Sound magnetic coupling The acoustic streaming movement in two kinds of directions can be generated by closing field, the phenomenon that caused by can avoid single magnetic field on the outside of particle segregation and single ultrasound The acoustic streaming movement of field causes cavitation bubble to be axially distributed along amplitude transformer；And sound magnetic coupling field can guarantee entire aluminium alloy melt mass transfer Turn thermal process to carry out completely so that each region even concentration in aluminium alloy melt inhibits growing up for particle, and sound magnetic coupling field is not Only can be to avoid single one physical field the shortcomings that, moreover it is possible to the advantages of amplifying single one physical field.
6. a kind of manufacturing method of new-energy automobile in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub as claimed in claim 2, special Sign is that the adjustment of Mg, Si content is that the content of Mg is made to reach 0.4-0.45, and the content of Si reaches 6.5-7.5, mesh Mg the and Si elements that are consumed by pyroreaction of one side supplement, on the other hand advanced optimize containing for Mg and Si elements Amount improves Mg2The volume fraction of Si Age-prrcipitation Phases, enhancing Precipitation are strengthened, and the tensile strength of material is improved.
7. a kind of manufacturing method of new-energy automobile in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub as claimed in claim 2, special Sign is that the composite modifier is closed among the Al-10%Sr of the 0.1-0.2wt.% of step (2) obtained melt quality The Al-10%RE intermediate alloys of gold and 0.1-0.2wt.%, can improve conventional Al-Sr intermediate alloys modification effect and easily be protected with melt The problem of warm time increases and fail, therefore exploitation composite inoculating technology, guarantee modification effect and usage time it is good In conjunction with making coarse common reciever become fiber fines shape, improve its strong plasticity.
8. a kind of manufacturing method of new-energy automobile in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub as claimed in claim 2, special Sign is that the composite refining agent is in the Al-5%Ti-1%B of the 0.1-0.2wt.% of step (2) obtained melt quality Between alloy and 0.1-0.2wt.% Al-5%Ti-0.2%C intermediate alloys, one side Al-Ti-C can make up among Al-Ti-B " poisoning " phenomenon occurred during alloy refinement, i.e. TiB2Particle is easy sedimentation, thinning effect decline, and easily becomes and split Line extended source, since TiC particle sizes are small in another aspect Al-Ti-C fining agents, the small particle of size cannot reduce critical crystalline substance The forming core curvature of core, thinning effect is good not as good as Al-Ti-B intermediate alloys, therefore develops composite refining technology, makes to reach best thin Change effect, the strong plasticity and fatigue behaviour of material are improved by refined crystalline strengthening.
9. a kind of manufacturing method of new-energy automobile in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub as claimed in claim 2, special Sign is that the purification of the melt is broadly divided into rare earth purification and rotary jet refining, and after preliminary purification, step is added (3) the Al-10%Ce intermediate alloys of the 0.1-0.3wt.% of the melt quality obtained, are allowed to and Al2O3Particle reacts, raw It is much larger than Al at density2O3Ce2O3, subsidence velocity faster, effectively realizes to tiny Al2O3The removing of field trash；Then Using nitrogen argon composite rotating blowing refining, the volume ratio of nitrogen and argon gas is：3-6：1-5 is more than air using argon gas density Characteristic in bath surface forming layer, reduce inspiratory phenomenon when aluminum anodizing, reduce the air content of molten aluminum, the gas of aluminum casting Hole, needle pore defect are decreased obviously, and combine the excellent refining effect of nitrogen, realize high-efficient purification effect, reduce due to gas and The defect that field trash generates improves material property.
10. a kind of manufacturing method of new-energy automobile in-situ nano reinforced aluminium alloy wheel hub as claimed in claim 2, special Sign is that low pressure casting molding refers to the New Low Voltage forming technique of consecutive solidification+rapid crystallization；One side low pressure is cast Modeling tool by it is traditional it is air-cooled be changed to water cooling, so that casting cooling velocity is increased, accelerate consecutive solidification, crystallization time shortens, casting Models For Secondary Dendrite Arm spacing shortens in microstructure, structure refinement；On the other hand by improving pressure when low pressure casting solidification and crystallization Power solidifies under stress after aluminum liquid filling type, persistently applies pressure to molten aluminum, melt exists while improving feeding effect Crystallization and freezing under pressure realizes densification and the crystal grain refinement of wheel hub, hence it is evident that carry high-strength plasticity and fatigue behaviour.
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CN116815023A (en) * 2023-07-12 2023-09-29 山东迈奥晶新材料有限公司 TSBC-Al seed alloy, method for producing the same, and Al-Si alloy
CN116815023B (en) * 2023-07-12 2024-01-16 山东迈奥晶新材料有限公司 TSBC-Al seed alloy, method for producing the same, and Al-Si alloy

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