CN108554193A - The novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane that branch's hole count is 12 - Google Patents
The novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane that branch's hole count is 12 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108554193A CN108554193A CN201810430907.XA CN201810430907A CN108554193A CN 108554193 A CN108554193 A CN 108554193A CN 201810430907 A CN201810430907 A CN 201810430907A CN 108554193 A CN108554193 A CN 108554193A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
- B01D71/021—Carbon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0039—Inorganic membrane manufacture
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/02—Inorganic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
- B01D2325/021—Pore shapes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
- B01D2325/025—Finger pores
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membranes that a kind of branch's hole count is 12, in a thin inner manufacture of solid material (1) tree cylindrical hole is uniformly distributed there are many a, each tree through-hole includes a relatively subbranch hole for being relatively large in diameter trunk hole (2) and 12 diameters and length all same, this 12 branched holes are parallel with their trunk hole (2) and are connected to completely with this trunk hole, 12 branched hole surfacing all sames of trunk hole surface material and it；Each branched hole is filter opening, and diameter is in nanometer scale, and branch's hole length is determined according to filter opening intensity requirement；Trunk hole (2) radius makes the penetrating power of filter membrane reach maximum, and solid material (1) thickness is determined by requirement of mechanical strength；This solid material (1) is filter membrane of the present invention.Filter membrane of the present invention reaches preferable performance in filter capacity, penetrating power, mechanical strength, has significant application value in the superfinishing filtering of water, blood etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to filter membrane field, the novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole that specifically a kind of branch's hole count is 12 is filtered
Film.
Background technology
Filtering film, abbreviation filter membrane have important application in industry and daily life, it can be used for filtering out solid
Grain, impurity purify liquid, it can also be used to filter out bacterium, macromolecular substances, or the separation for realizing two kinds of liquid.It is daily
In life, filter membrane can be used for purifying drinking water, purify various beverages, it can also be used to impurity, the various ions in seawater are filtered out, it is real
Existing seawater cleaning.Existing typical filter ways and means have：
One, activated carbon filters
Activated carbon is a kind of industrial adsorbents that purposes is extremely wide, it be using charcoal, various shells and fat coal etc. as
Raw material, raw material is crushed by physics and chemical method, is sieved, activation of catalyst, rinsing, drying and screening etc. it is a series of
Process fabricates.The adsorptivity of activated carbon is derived from its unique molecular configuration, and there are many holes in the inside of activated carbon, often
If the internal void drawout of gram activated carbon can reach 500~1700 square metres, exactly this unique internal structure makes
Obtaining activated carbon has excellent adsorption capacity.When activated carbon filters, due to the fine content in the adsorbable various liquid of its porosity
Matter, decoloration, deodorization, dechlorination, organics removal and the heavy metal being usually used in water process remove synthetic detergent, bacterium, virus
And the polluters such as radioactivity, it is also commonly used for the tertiary treatment of waste water.
The common application range of activated carbon filtering：(1) water treatment facilities filtering, sewage disposal, Treated sewage reusing etc. are used for.
It is widely used in chemical industry, food, medicine, electronics photovoltaic etc..(2) it is used to require delivery turbidity≤5mg/L that can meet drinking water quality
Industrial water, domestic water and the municipal water supply system of standard.(3) removal of the suspended matter, solids in trade effluent.(4)
It can be used as the pre-processing device in ion-exchange softening, desalting system, the coarse filtration of the industrial water supply not high to water quality requirement
Equipment.(5) swimming pool circulating treating system, cooling cycle water purification system etc. are used in.The advantage and disadvantage of activated carbon filtering：Advantage：
Activated carbon price is relatively inexpensive, and it is relatively low that activated carbon filters cost, can meet general industry and the common filtration needs of daily life, resistance to
Pressure, heat-resisting, sexual valence is relatively high.Disadvantage：The hole of activated carbon is larger, it is difficult to realize fine filtering, cannot filter out micron order and receive
The substance of meter level size, is usually used in coarse filtration.
Two, micro-pore-film filtration
It is close and numerous on microporous barrier to be evenly distributed with each micropore, the diameter in this hole usually 0.1 micron and 100 microns it
Between.Therefore, microporous barrier can filter out liquid, gas 0.1um or more particle and bacterium, it has, and filtering accuracy is high, transition speed
Degree is fast, absorption falls off less, without medium, acid-alkali-corrosive-resisting, it is easy to operate the advantages that.Be widely used in medicine, chemical industry, electronics,
The required equipment of the industry such as beverage, fruit wine, biochemical water process, environmental protection.
Common microporous membrane filter element has：Polytetrafluoroethylene film (PTFE) filter core gathers inclined film (PVDF) filter core, polypropylene screen
(PP) filter core, cellulose acetate film (CN-CA) filter core, nylon (PN6) filter core, alloy stud, Wire-wound filter core, melt-blown filter, PA/PE
Sintered filter core.These filter core features are：It is small, light-weight, easy to use, filter area is big, plugging rate is low, the rate of filtration
Soon, pollution-free, the dilute stability of heat and chemical stability are good, can filter out most particles, be widely used in refined filtration and degerming work
Skill.
The shortcomings that micro-pore-film filtration：Compared to nano-pore filter membrane, the diameter in filtering hole is still bigger than normal on microporous barrier, although energy
Meet many refined filtration requirements in daily industry and life, but cannot be used for filtering superfine small substance such as blood purification, protein
Middle virus purification, liquid intermediate ion filter out, the super purification etc. of water.
Three, sock filtration
Micron order liquid filter bag is made using high-quality filtrate, can effectively remove the solid for needing to remove in liquid
Matter.When by micron order filter bag, impurities are accurately captured in filter bag deep layer liquid, complete filter process.Filter material
Matter：Different according to institute's filtering solution, PE felts or PP felts may be selected in filter material, and the filtrates such as nylon monofilament, polyester monofilament also can be selected, from
And it is widely used in height different temperatures, soda acid varying environment.
Similar with micro-pore-film filtration, the shortcomings that sock filtration, is：The diameter in filtering hole is still bigger than normal on filter bag, although can be full
Many refined filtration requirements in the daily industry of foot and life, but cannot be used for filtering in superfine small substance such as blood purification, protein
Virus purification, liquid intermediate ion filter out, the super purification etc. of water.
Four, nano-pore membrane filtration
In order to filter pole subtitle substance, isolated viral, separation larger molecular organics etc., nano-pore filter membrane mistake must be just used
Filter.Compared to miillpore filter, the hole in nano-pore filter membrane is much smaller, and diameter is in nanometer scale, often less than by filter impurity
Molecular dimension, therefore be usually used in hyperfine filtering, impurity, bacterium, virus, organic macromolecule etc. can thoroughly be filtered out.Nanometer
Kong Changwei cylindrical holes, conical bore in the filter membrane of hole.To improve this filter membrane permeability, also have using two layers of filter membrane, upper layer is to receive
Metre hole filter membrane, lower layer are miillpore filter.Also someone develops very thin monolayer nano-pore graphene filter membrane, this filter membrane
Permeability is preferable.
Although the filter capacity of nano-pore filter membrane is strong, since filter opening is minimum, this permeability of the membrane is poor, its filtering
Efficiency is relatively low, and this film is very thin, and the mechanical strength of film also often faces the challenge, not high pressure resistant, high temperature.Filter capacity is oozed
Permeability and mechanical strength are difficult to realize well simultaneously on nano-pore filter membrane；One of which performance is met, must be reduced
Remaining performance.
Invention content
The object of the present invention is to provide the novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membranes that a kind of branch's hole count is 12, solve existing
Nano-pore membrane filtration ability, permeability and mechanical strength are difficult to the technical barrier well realized simultaneously in technology.
Technical solution of the invention is：
A kind of novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane that branch's hole count is 12, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in one layer of solid
There are many through-holes of equally distributed tree for the inner manufacture of material (1), and the through-hole of each tree includes a trunk
Hole (2) and 12 branched hole, that is, branched holes (3), branched hole (4), branched hole (5), branched hole (6), branched hole (7), branched hole
(8), branched hole (9), branched hole (10), branched hole (11), branched hole (12), branched hole (13) and branched hole (14), this 12
A branched hole is mutually parallel with trunk hole (2) and is connected to completely with trunk hole (2), trunk hole (2) and this 12 branches
Hole is cylindrical hole, the surfacing all same of the surfacing of trunk hole (2) and this 12 branched holes.Each branched hole is
Filter opening, each branch's pore radius is RB, 1, each branch's hole length is l1, each branch's bore dia 2RB, 1In nanometer scale, according to
Filtering requirement determination, each branch's hole length l1It is as small as possible to reduce the flow resistance of filter opening, l1Value according to filter opening intensity requirement
It determines, the axial line of each branched hole and the parallelism tolerance of the axial line in their trunk hole (2) are not more than 0.1l1；Trunk hole
(2) radius RB, 2Than its branch pore radius RB, 1Bigger, to make filter membrane penetrating power be in maximum, trunk hole (2) radius RB, 2
According to its branch pore radius RB, 1It is calculate by the following formula determination：
Here, λ0=l1/ l, l are that the thickness of solid material (1) is the thickness of filter membrane of the present invention,Req
=c1RB, 1, RcrTo make the critical radius for flowing through the liquid of filter opening as the hole of continuous media；c1Value according to flowing through filter opening
The interaction strength on liquid and filter opening surface is determined, and liquid and the interaction strength on filter opening surface for flowing through filter opening are
Weak situation, c1Value range be：1.67~2.04, c1Preferred value be 1.85；For flowing through the liquid and filter opening table of filter opening
The interaction strength in face is the situation of medium level, c1Value range be：1.55~1.89, c1Preferred value be 1.72；It is right
It is strong situation, c in flowing through the liquid of filter opening with the interaction strength on filter opening surface1Value range be：1.31~1.61,
c1Preferred value be 1.46；Here, the liquid for flowing through filter opening and the interaction strength on filter opening surface are that weak situation instigates stream
The liquid of filter hole becomes situation of the critical filter opening diameter no more than 10nm of continuous media in the radial direction of filter opening, flows through filter opening
The interaction strength on liquid and filter opening surface be the situation of medium level instigate flow through the liquid of filter opening filter opening it is radial at
Critical filter opening diameter for continuous media is more than 10nm and less than the situation of 30nm, flows through the phase of the liquid and filter opening surface of filter opening
Interaction intensity is that strong situation instigates and flows through the liquid of filter opening and become the critical filter opening diameter of continuous media in the radial direction of filter opening
Situation not less than 30nm；ρ is the liquid of environment temperature and the dirty filter hole of pressure
The body phase density of body,It is R to flow through the liquid of filter opening in radiuseqHole radial direction averag density, this
Averag density withIt is related,η is the liquid of environment temperature and the dirty filter hole of pressure
Bulk viscosity,It is R to flow through the liquid of filter opening in radiuseqHole radial direction equivalent viscosity, this etc.
Imitate viscosity withIt is related,It is R to flow through the liquid of filter opening in radius for descriptioneqHole radial direction present it is discontinuous
The parameter of medium effect.
Branched hole (3), branched hole (4), branched hole (5), branched hole (6), branched hole (7), branched hole (8), branched hole
(9), branched hole (10), branched hole (11), branched hole (12), branched hole (13) and branched hole (14) are evenly distributed on solid material
(1) on a circumference on surface, the radius of the circumference is Rd, this branched hole (3), branched hole (4), branched hole (5), branch
Hole (6), branched hole (7), branched hole (8), branched hole (9), branched hole (10), branched hole (11), branched hole (12), branched hole
(13) it is not more than in the distribution circle on the surface of solid material (1) and the concentricity tolerance of trunk hole (2) with branched hole (14)
0.1Rd, spacing of the contiguous branch hole on the circumference is Δ1, Δ1With RB, 1Ratio value range be：ks=Δ1/RB, 1=
0.05~0.5, RdWith RB, 1Ratio be：Rd/RB, 1=(12+6ks)/π。
The thickness l of solid material (1) is determined according to the requirement of mechanical strength of solid material (1)；Trunk hole (2) and its ten
The through-hole for the tree that two branched holes are formed runs through solid material (1), trunk hole in the thickness direction of solid material (1)
(2) it is used to reduce and is cleaned liquid in the inner flow resistance of solid material (1), the penetrating power of increase solid material (1).This is solid
Body material (1) is the novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane that the signified branch's hole count of the present invention is 12.
Further, filter membrane uses plane or curved surface filter membrane.
Further, the thickness of filter membrane is identical everywhere or differs.
Further, filter membrane is fabricated by silicon nitride or graphene.
The novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane that this kind of branch's hole count is 12, filter membrane is manufactured with one layer of solid material, is filtered
Film can be plane filter membrane, can also be curved surface filter membrane.Filter membrane thickness can be equal everywhere, can also be variation.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
One, the present invention produces the through-hole of uniformly distributed tree in filter membrane, and the through-hole of each tree includes a master
Dry hole (2) and 12 branched hole, that is, branched holes (3), branched hole (4), branched hole (5), branched hole (6), branched hole (7), branch
Hole (8), branched hole (9), branched hole (10), branched hole (11), branched hole (12), branched hole (13) and branched hole (14), this ten
Two branched holes are mutually parallel with trunk hole (2) and are connected to completely with trunk hole (2), trunk hole (2) and this 12 points
Branch hole is cylindrical hole, the surfacing all same of the surfacing of trunk hole (2) and this 12 branched holes；These branched holes
Diameter and length all same, these branched holes be filter opening, diameter determines that length is as small as possible according to filtering requirement, root
It is determined according to the intensity requirement of filter opening, the radius R of trunk hole (2)B, 2Than the radius R of branched hole (3)B, 1Bigger, RB, 2According to filter membrane
Maximum penetrating power requires to determine, the thickness l of filter membrane is determined according to filter membrane requirement of mechanical strength, branched hole (3), branched hole (4),
Branched hole (5), branched hole (6), branched hole (7), branched hole (8), branched hole (9), branched hole (10), branched hole (11), branch
Hole (12), branched hole (13) and branched hole (14) are in dense distribution in filter membrane, the through-hole of tree in filter membrane equably
Dense distribution, each branched hole are cleaned liquid for collecting filtering, and the liquid of filtration is pooled to the trunk hole (2) of bigger, through master
Dry hole (2) flows out filter membrane of the present invention.
Two, filter membrane of the present invention is more with tree number of through-holes, filter capacity is strong, good penetrability, high mechanical strength, manufactures work
The good advantage of skill.Filter membrane of the present invention can not only realize that superfinishing filters, and also have excellent penetrating power, while can meet again
Requirement of mechanical strength when filter.
Three, filter membrane of the present invention is manufactured with traditional nano-pore filter membrane manufacturing technology, of low cost, but has superior filter membrane
Can, there is significant application value in the superfinishing filtering of water, blood etc..
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view for the novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane structure that branch of embodiment of the present invention hole count is 12；
Fig. 2 is the left view for the novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane structure that branch of embodiment of the present invention hole count is 12；
Fig. 3 is when filter membrane of the present invention is manufactured with graphene and silicon nitride respectively, and ultra-clean filtering is carried out to water and blood, in fact
Apply trunk hole (2) radius R in exampleB, 2With branched hole (3) radius RB, 1Graph of relation；
Fig. 4 is when filter membrane of the present invention is manufactured with graphene and silicon nitride respectively, and ultra-clean filtering is carried out to water and blood, in fact
Apply the dimensionless flow resistance I of filter membrane of the present invention in exampleF, minWith branched hole (3) radius RB, 1Graph of relation.
In Fig. 1 and Fig. 2：1- solid materials, 2- trunks hole, 3- branched holes, 4- branched holes, 5- branched holes, 6- branched holes, 7-
Branched hole, 8- branched holes, 9- branched holes, 10- branched holes, 11- branched holes, 12- branched holes, 13- branched holes, 14- branched holes
Wherein, l1For each branch's hole length, l2For the length of main dry hole (2), l is thickness, that is, embodiment of solid material (1)
The thickness of filter membrane of the present invention, RdFor branched hole (3), branched hole (4), branched hole (5), branched hole (6), branched hole (7), branched hole
(8), branched hole (9), branched hole (10), branched hole (11), branched hole (12), branched hole (13) and branched hole (14) are in solid material
Expect the radius of the distribution circle on the surface of (1), Δ1It is contiguous branch hole being distributed on the circumference of circle on the surface of solid material (1)
Spacing.
Specific implementation mode
The preferred embodiment that the invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment
The novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane that branch's hole count of embodiment is 12, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, at one layer
There are many through-holes of equally distributed tree for the inner manufacture of solid material (1), and the through-hole of each tree includes one
Trunk hole (2) and 12 branched hole, that is, branched holes (3), branched hole (5), branched hole (6), branched hole (7), are divided branched hole (4)
Branch hole (8), branched hole (9), branched hole (10), branched hole (11), branched hole (12), branched hole (13) and branched hole (14), this
12 branched holes are mutually parallel with trunk hole (2) and are connected to completely with trunk hole (2), trunk hole (2) and this 12
Branched hole is cylindrical hole, the surfacing all same of the surfacing of trunk hole (2) and this 12 branched holes.
Each branched hole is filter opening, and each branch's pore radius is RB, 1, each branch's hole length is l1, each branch's bore dia
2RB, 1It in nanometer scale, is determined according to filtering requirement, each branch's hole length l1It is as small as possible to reduce the flow resistance of filter opening,
l1Value determined according to filter opening intensity requirement, the depth of parallelism of the axial line in the axial line of each branched hole and their trunk hole (2)
Tolerance is not more than 0.1l1；The radius R in trunk hole (2)B, 2Than its branch pore radius RB, 1Bigger, to make at filter membrane penetrating power
In maximum, trunk hole (2) radius RB, 2According to its branch pore radius RB, 1It is calculate by the following formula determination：
Here, λ0=l1/ l, l are that the thickness of solid material (1) is the thickness of filter membrane of the present invention,Req=
c1RB, 1, RcrTo make the critical radius for flowing through the liquid of filter opening as the hole of continuous media；c1Value according to the liquid for flowing through filter opening
The interaction strength on body and filter opening surface is determined, and for flowing through the liquid of filter opening with the interaction strength on filter opening surface is weak
Situation, c1Value range be：1.67~2.04, c1Preferred value be 1.85；For flowing through liquid and the filter opening surface of filter opening
Interaction strength be medium level situation, c1Value range be：1.55~1.89, c1Preferred value be 1.72；For
The liquid for flowing through filter opening and the interaction strength on filter opening surface are strong situation, c1Value range be：1.31~1.61, c1
Preferred value be 1.46；Here, the interaction strength of the liquid and filter opening surface that flow through filter opening is instigated for weak situation to be flowed through
The liquid of filter opening becomes situation of the critical filter opening diameter no more than 10nm of continuous media in the radial direction of filter opening, flows through the liquid of filter opening
Body and the situation that the interaction strength on filter opening surface is medium level instigate the liquid for flowing through filter opening to become in the radial direction of filter opening
The critical filter opening diameter of continuous media is more than 10nm and the situation less than 30nm, flows through the mutual of the liquid of filter opening and filter opening surface
Action intensity is that strong situation instigates the liquid for flowing through filter opening to become the critical filter opening diameter of continuous media not in the radial direction of filter opening
Situation less than 30nm；ρ is the liquid of environment temperature and the dirty filter hole of pressure
Body phase density,It is R to flow through the liquid of filter opening in radiuseqHole radial direction averag density, this is flat
Equal density withIt is related,η is the liquid of environment temperature and the dirty filter hole of pressure
Bulk viscosity,It is R to flow through the liquid of filter opening in radiuseqHole radial direction equivalent viscosity, this is equivalent
Viscosity withIt is related,It is R to flow through the liquid of filter opening in radius for descriptioneqHole radial direction present discontinuous Jie
The parameter of mass effect.
Branched hole (3), branched hole (4), branched hole (5), branched hole (6), branched hole (7), branched hole (8), branched hole
(9), branched hole (10), branched hole (11), branched hole (12), branched hole (13) and branched hole (14) are evenly distributed on solid material
(1) on a circumference on surface, the radius of the circumference is Rd, this branched hole (3), branched hole (4), branched hole (5), branch
Hole (6), branched hole (7), branched hole (8), branched hole (9), branched hole (10), branched hole (11), branched hole (12), branched hole
(13) it is not more than in the distribution circle on the surface of solid material (1) and the concentricity tolerance of trunk hole (2) with branched hole (14)
0.1Rd, spacing of the contiguous branch hole on the circumference is Δ1, Δ1With RB, 1Ratio value range be：ks=Δ1/RB, 1=
0.05~0.5, RdWith RB, 1Ratio be：Rd/RB, 1=(12+6ks)/π。
The thickness l of solid material (1) is determined according to the requirement of mechanical strength of solid material (1)；Trunk hole (2) and its ten
The through-hole for the tree that two branched holes are formed runs through solid material (1), trunk hole in the thickness direction of solid material (1)
(2) it is used to reduce and is cleaned liquid in the inner flow resistance of solid material (1), the penetrating power of increase solid material (1).This is solid
Body material (1) is the novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane that the signified branch's hole count of the present invention is 12.
In one preferred embodiment, filter membrane is plane filter membrane, and filter membrane is fabricated by silicon nitride, and drainage is crossed for superfinishing,
Bacterium, dust in elimination water, pole fine impurity.Select branched hole (3), branched hole (4), branched hole (5), branched hole (6), branch
Hole (7), branched hole (8), branched hole (9), branched hole (10), branched hole (11), branched hole (12), branched hole (13) and branched hole
(14) radius, that is, filter opening radius RB, 1=20nm, takes ks=Δ1/RB, 1=0.15, c1=1,72, λ0=l1/ l=1 × 10-4, whole
The thickness for opening film, that is, solid material (1) is l=0.3mm, then：Each branch's hole length l1=30nm, trunk hole (2) radius RB, 2
=372nm, distribution radius of circle R of each branched hole on the surface of solid material (1)d=82nm, contiguous branch hole are justified in the distribution
Separation delta on week1=3nm；The parallelism tolerance of the axial line and the axial line in their trunk hole (2) of each branched hole is taken to be
3.0nm, take each branched hole the surface of solid material (1) distribution circle and trunk hole (2) concentricity tolerance be 8.1nm.
In one preferred embodiment, filter membrane is plane filter membrane, and filter membrane is fabricated by silicon nitride, for purifying human body blood
Liquid filters off virus in blood, macromolecular foreign matter.Select branched hole (3), branched hole (4), branched hole (5), branched hole (6), branched hole
(7), branched hole (8), branched hole (9), branched hole (10), branched hole (11), branched hole (12), branched hole (13) and branched hole
(14) radius, that is, filter opening radius RB, 1=7nm, takes ks=Δ1/RB, 1=0.5, c1=1.46, λ0=l1/ l=1 × 10-4, whole
The thickness of film, that is, solid material (1) is l=0.3mm, then：Each branch's hole length l1=30nm, trunk hole (2) radius RB, 2=
89nm, distribution radius of circle R of each branched hole on the surface of solid material (1)d=33nm, contiguous branch hole is on the circumferential spread
Separation delta1=3.5nm；The parallelism tolerance of the axial line and the axial line in their trunk hole (2) of each branched hole is taken to be
3.0nm, take each branched hole the surface of solid material (1) distribution circle and trunk hole (2) concentricity tolerance be 3.2nm.
In one preferred embodiment, filter membrane is plane filter membrane, and filter membrane is fabricated by graphene, and drainage is crossed for superfinishing,
Bacterium, dust in elimination water, pole fine impurity.Select branched hole (3), branched hole (4), branched hole (5), branched hole (6), branch
Hole (7), branched hole (8), branched hole (9), branched hole (10), branched hole (11), branched hole (12), branched hole (13) and branched hole
(14) radius, that is, filter opening radius RB, 1=20nm, takes ks=Δ1/RB, 1=0.15, c1=1.85, λ0=l1/ l=1 × 10-3, whole
The thickness for opening film, that is, solid material (1) is l=30 μm, then：Each branch's hole length l1=30nm, trunk hole (2) radius RB, 2=
209nm, distribution radius of circle R of each branched hole on the surface of solid material (1)d=82nm, contiguous branch hole is in the circumferential spread
On separation delta1=3nm；The parallelism tolerance of the axial line and the axial line in their trunk hole (2) of each branched hole is taken to be
3.0nm, take each branched hole the surface of solid material (1) distribution circle and trunk hole (2) concentricity tolerance be 8.1nm.
In one preferred embodiment, filter membrane is plane filter membrane, and filter membrane is fabricated by graphene, for purifying human body blood
Liquid filters off virus in blood, macromolecular foreign matter.Select branched hole (3), branched hole (4), branched hole (5), branched hole (6), branched hole
(7), branched hole (8), branched hole (9), branched hole (10), branched hole (11), branched hole (12), branched hole (13) and branched hole
(14) radius, that is, filter opening radius RB, 1=7nm, takes ks=Δ1/RB, 1=0.5, c1=1.72, λ0=l1/ l=1 × 10-3, whole
The thickness of film, that is, solid material (1) is l=30 μm, then：Each branch's hole length l1=30nm, trunk hole (2) radius RB, 2=
71nm, distribution radius of circle R of each branched hole on the surface of solid material (1)d=33nm, contiguous branch hole is on the circumferential spread
Separation delta1=3.5nm；The parallelism tolerance of the axial line and the axial line in their trunk hole (2) of each branched hole is taken to be
3.0nm, take each branched hole the surface of solid material (1) distribution circle and trunk hole (2) concentricity tolerance be 3.2nm.
The principle for the novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane that this kind of branch's hole count is 12 is described as follows：
Filter membrane of the present invention is to be cleaned liquid for filtering out pole subtitle substance such as dust, bacterium, virus etc., and allowing and smoothly lead to
Filter hole flows out, and achievees the purpose that super refined filtration.To realize this purpose, filter opening diameter, that is, each branched hole of filter membrane of the present invention
Diameter 2RB, 1The diameter for being filtered impurity must be less than.Known minimum viral diameters are 17nm in the world, and minimum bacterium is straight
Diameter is 50 nanometers.In order to filter out these bacteriums and virus, the filter opening diameter 2R of filter membrane of the present inventionB, 1It is necessarily less than 17nm or 50nm.
Therefore, it is realization superfinishing filtering function, the filter opening diameter 2R of filter membrane of the present inventionB, 1It is horizontal in 1nm magnitudes or 10nm magnitudes, this
Invention filter membrane filter opening, that is, branched hole (3), branched hole (5), branched hole (6), branched hole (7), branched hole (8), divides branched hole (4)
Branch hole (9), branched hole (10), branched hole (11), branched hole (12), branched hole (13) and branched hole (14) belong to superfine small filter
Hole.
Consider the requirement of mechanical strength proposed to filter membrane in filter process, it is of the invention as made of silicon nitride with conventional material
The thickness l of filter membrane need to usually reach 0.1mm.If penetrating the whole thickness l of filter membrane of the present invention, filter opening using single filter opening
Seem very deep, the draw ratio of filter opening greatly (reaches 104).It is difficult to flow through this not only thin but also long filter opening to be cleaned liquid to be, this
The penetrating power of sample filter membrane just becomes very poor.
In fact, in the present invention filter opening, that is, each branched hole length l1(i.e. the depth of filter opening) need not reach the thickness of filter membrane
L is spent, only filter opening intensity requirement need to be considered, reserve necessary filter opening length l1.In this way, the mesh of superfinishing filtering can be reached
's.On the other hand, in order to increase the flow for being cleaned liquid flow filter membrane, increase the penetrating power of filter membrane, it can be by dense distribution
12 filter openings i.e. 12 branched holes in fluid flow be pooled to a bigger trunk hole (2) it is inner, be cleaned liquid
Filter membrane is flowed out by trunk hole (2), material is thus formed the through-holes of tree in filter membrane.
According to nanochannel fluid flow theory, 12 branched hole, that is, branched holes (3) shown in Fig. 2, branched hole (4),
Branched hole (5), branched hole (6), branched hole (7), branched hole (8), branched hole (9), branched hole (10), branched hole (11), branch
It is l that hole (12), branched hole (13) and branched hole (14), which are equivalent to a length,1Radius with hole is ReqStraight cylindrical hole.It is main
The radius R of dry hole (2)B, 2It is bad if too small, cannot reach effectively lower be cleaned liquid flow filter membrane resistance and effectively
Increase the purpose of filter membrane penetrating power.And the radius R of trunk hole (2)B, 2It is excessive, it is also bad；The radius R of trunk hole although (2)B, 2
Increase can reduce the resistance for being cleaned single tree through-hole in liquid flow filter membrane, still, for a given filter
Film, its surface area are given, the radius R of trunk hole (2)B, 2Increase the sum of trunk hole (2) in filter membrane can be made to reduce,
So that the penetrating power of filter membrane is deteriorated instead in this way, the flow for being cleaned liquid flow filter membrane is made to reduce.Therefore, the present invention in how
Choose the radius R of trunk hole (2)B, 2It is crucial.
Based on fluid flow theory in nanochannel, the present invention obtains that filter membrane penetrating power is made to reach maximum trunk hole
(2) radius RB, 2With all branched holes of trunk hole (2) it is equivalent at cylindrical hole radius ReqFollowing relationship need to be met：
Here, λ0=l1/ l, l are that the thickness of solid material (1) is the thickness of filter membrane of the present invention,Req=
c1RB, 1, RcrTo make the critical radius for flowing through the liquid of filter opening as the hole of continuous media；c1Value according to the liquid for flowing through filter opening
The interaction strength on body and filter opening surface is determined, and for flowing through the liquid of filter opening with the interaction strength on filter opening surface is weak
Situation, c1Value range be：1.67~2.04, c1Preferred value be 1.85；For flowing through liquid and the filter opening surface of filter opening
Interaction strength be medium level situation, c1Value range be：1.55~1.89, c1Preferred value be 1.72；For
The liquid for flowing through filter opening and the interaction strength on filter opening surface are strong situation, c1Value range be：1.31~1.61, c1
Preferred value be 1.46；Here, the interaction strength of the liquid and filter opening surface that flow through filter opening is instigated for weak situation to be flowed through
The liquid of filter opening becomes situation of the critical filter opening diameter no more than 10nm of continuous media in the radial direction of filter opening, flows through the liquid of filter opening
Body and the situation that the interaction strength on filter opening surface is medium level instigate the liquid for flowing through filter opening to become in the radial direction of filter opening
The critical filter opening diameter of continuous media is more than 10nm and the situation less than 30nm, flows through the mutual of the liquid of filter opening and filter opening surface
Action intensity is that strong situation instigates the liquid for flowing through filter opening to become the critical filter opening diameter of continuous media not in the radial direction of filter opening
Situation less than 30nm；ρ is the liquid of environment temperature and the dirty filter hole of pressure
Body phase density,It is R to flow through the liquid of filter opening in radiuseqHole radial direction averag density, this is flat
Equal density withIt is related,η is the liquid of environment temperature and the dirty filter hole of pressure
Bulk viscosity,It is R to flow through the liquid of filter opening in radiuseqHole radial direction equivalent viscosity, this is equivalent
Viscosity withIt is related,It is R to flow through the liquid of filter opening in radius for descriptioneqHole radial direction present discontinuous Jie
The parameter of mass effect.
By the radius R of the counted trunk hole (2) of above formulaB, 2Than its branch pore radius RB, 1It is much greater, in remaining filter
Film thickness (l-l1) on open up trunk hole (2), allow be cleaned liquid by trunk hole (2) flow out filter membrane can be substantially reduced filter membrane
Flow resistance, the penetrating power for significantly increasing filter membrane.For the dense distribution and satisfaction of 12 branched holes of guarantee trunk hole (2)
The manufacturing process of these branched holes requires, here the circumferential distance Δ in contiguous branch hole1It should meet：ks=Δ1/RB, 1=0.05~
0.5, distribution radius of circle R of this 12 branched holes in filter membrane surfacedIt should meet：Rd/RB, 1=(12+6ks)/π.In this way, this hair
The filter membrane of bright design just has the advantages that more tree number of through-holes, good penetrability, high mechanical strength, anufacturability are good.
Here it is the principle of the present invention.
When filter membrane of the present invention is manufactured with graphene and silicon nitride respectively, and ultra-clean filtering is carried out to water and blood, Fig. 3 is provided
Trunk hole (2) radius R in embodimentB, 2With branched hole (3) radius RB, 1Relation curve.As can be seen from Figure 3, RB, 2Value with RB, 1
The increase of value and linearly increase, RB, 2Value is than corresponding RB, 1It is worth much greater；In nanochannel flowing, this RB, 2Compare RB, 1Greatly
The flow resistance for being cleaned liquid in filter membrane of the present invention is much very effectively reduced, filter membrane of the present invention is considerably improved
Permeability.
When filter membrane of the present invention is manufactured with graphene and silicon nitride respectively, and ultra-clean filtering is carried out to water and blood, Fig. 4 is provided
The dimensionless flow resistance I of filter membrane of the present invention in embodimentF, minWith branched hole (3) radius RB, 1Relation curve.In Fig. 4,Here, Rr=10nm, ρ and η are respectively environment temperature and the dirty filter hole i.e. branch of pressure
The body phase density and bulk viscosity for being cleaned liquid in hole (3), l are the thickness of filter membrane of the present invention in embodiment, AmFor embodiment
The area on the surface of filter opening is distributed in middle filter membrane of the present invention, and χ is the surface that trunk hole (2) are distributed in filter membrane of the present invention in embodiment
Drilling rate, iF, minFor the dimension flow resistance of filter membrane of the present invention in embodiment, iF, min=Δ p/qm, qmTo be flowed in the unit time
The mass flow for being cleaned liquid of filter membrane of the present invention in embodiment is crossed, Δ p is to apply on filter membrane of the present invention in embodiment
Pressure difference.As can be seen from Figure 4, RB, 1Increase so that the flow resistance of filter membrane of the present invention in embodiment is substantially reduced, especially work as RB, 1≤
When 20nm；This means that working as RB, 1Increase the radius R of filter opening, that is, branched hole (3) when≤20nmB, 1Implementation can very significantly be reduced
The flow resistance of filter membrane of the present invention is to significantly increase present invention filter permeability of the membrane in embodiment in example.
Claims (8)
1. the novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane that a kind of branch's hole count is 12, it is characterised in that：In one layer of solid material (1)
In manufacture there are many through-hole of equally distributed tree, the through-hole of each tree include a trunk hole (2) and
12 branched hole, that is, branched holes (3), branched hole (5), branched hole (6), branched hole (7), branched hole (8), are divided branched hole (4)
Branch hole (9), branched hole (10), branched hole (11), branched hole (12), branched hole (13) and branched hole (14), this 12 branches
Kong Junyu trunks hole (2) is mutually parallel and is connected to completely with trunk hole (2), and trunk hole (2) and this 12 branched holes are
Cylindrical hole, the surfacing all same of the surfacing of trunk hole (2) and this 12 branched holes, each branched hole is filter opening,
Each branch's pore radius is RB, 1, each branch's hole length is l1, each branch's bore dia 2RB, 1In nanometer scale, according to filtering
It is required that determining, each branch's hole length l1It is as small as possible to reduce the flow resistance of filter opening, l1Value it is true according to filter opening intensity requirement
It is fixed, the radius R of trunk hole (2)B, 2Than its branch pore radius RB, 1Bigger, trunk hole (2) and its 12 branched holes are formed
Tree through-hole solid material (1) thickness direction run through solid material (1), trunk hole (2) for reduce by mistake
Filtrate body is in the inner flow resistance of solid material (1), the penetrating power of increase solid material (1), the thickness l of solid material (1)
Determine that this layer of solid material (1) is filter membrane according to the requirement of mechanical strength of solid material (1).
2. the novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane that a kind of branch's hole count as described in claim 1 is 12, it is characterised in that：
Trunk hole (2) radius RB, 2According to its branch pore radius RB, 1It is calculate by the following formula determination：
Here, λ0=l1/ l, l are the thickness of thickness, that is, filter membrane of solid material (1),Req=c1RB, 1,
RcrTo make the critical radius for flowing through the liquid of filter opening as the hole of continuous media；c1Value according to the liquid and filter for flowing through filter opening
The interaction strength of hole surface is determined, and is weak feelings for flowing through the liquid of filter opening with the interaction strength on filter opening surface
Shape, c1Value range be：1.67~2.04, c1Preferred value be 1.85；Phase for the liquid and filter opening surface that flow through filter opening
Interaction intensity is the situation of medium level, c1Value range be：1.55~1.89, c1Preferred value be 1.72；For flowing through
The liquid of filter opening is strong situation, c with the interaction strength on filter opening surface1Value range be：1.31~1.61, c1It is excellent
Choosing value is 1.46；Here, the liquid for flowing through filter opening and the interaction strength on filter opening surface instigate for weak situation and flow through filter opening
Liquid become the critical filter opening diameter of continuous media in the radial direction of filter opening and be not more than the situation of 10nm, flow through the liquid of filter opening with
The interaction strength on filter opening surface is that the situation of medium level instigates the liquid for flowing through filter opening to become continuous in the radial direction of filter opening
The critical filter opening diameter of medium is more than 10nm and the situation less than 30nm, flows through the interaction of the liquid and filter opening surface of filter opening
Intensity is that the critical filter opening diameter that strong situation instigates the liquid for flowing through filter opening to become continuous media in the radial direction of filter opening is not less than
The situation of 30nm；ρ is the body of the liquid of environment temperature and the dirty filter hole of pressure
Phase density,It is R to flow through the liquid of filter opening in radiuseqHole radial direction averag density, this is average close
Degree withIt is related,η is the body phase of the liquid of environment temperature and the dirty filter hole of pressure
Viscosity,It is R to flow through the liquid of filter opening in radiuseqHole radial direction equivalent viscosity, this equivalent viscosity
WithIt is related,It is R to flow through the liquid of filter opening in radius for descriptioneqHole radial direction present Discontinuous transmission effect
The parameter answered.
3. the novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane that a kind of branch's hole count as described in claim 1 is 12, it is characterised in that：
Branched hole (3), branched hole (4), branched hole (5), branched hole (6), branched hole (7), branched hole (8), branched hole (9), branched hole
(10), branched hole (11), branched hole (12), branched hole (13) and branched hole (14) are evenly distributed on the surface of solid material (1)
A circumference on, the radius of the circumference is Rd, spacing of the contiguous branch hole on the circumference is Δ1, Δ1With RB, 1Ratio take
Value is ranging from：ks=Δ1/RB, 1=0.05~0.5, RdWith RB, 1Ratio be：Rd/RB, 1=(12+6ks)/π。
4. the novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane that a kind of branch's hole count as described in claim 1 is 12, it is characterised in that：
Branched hole (3), branched hole (4), branched hole (5), branched hole (6), branched hole (7), branched hole (8), branched hole (9), branched hole
(10), the axial line of branched hole (11), branched hole (12), branched hole (13) and branched hole (14) and their trunk hole (2)
The parallelism tolerance of axial line is not more than 0.1l1。
5. the novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane that a kind of branch's hole count as claimed in claim 3 is 12, it is characterised in that：
Branched hole (3), branched hole (4), branched hole (5), branched hole (6), branched hole (7), branched hole (8), branched hole (9), branched hole
(10), the distribution of branched hole (11), branched hole (12), branched hole (13) and branched hole (14) on the surface of solid material (1) is justified
It is not more than 0.1R with the concentricity tolerance of trunk hole (2)d。
6. such as the novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane that a kind of branch's hole count of claim 1--5 any one of them is 12,
It is characterized in that：Filter membrane is plane or curved surface filter membrane.
7. the novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane that a kind of branch's hole count as described in any one in claim 1-5 is 12,
It is characterized in that：The thickness of filter membrane is identical everywhere or differs.
8. the novel tree-shaped nanoscale cylindrical hole filter membrane that a kind of branch's hole count as described in any one in claim 1-5 is 12,
It is characterized in that：Filter membrane is fabricated by silicon nitride or graphene.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5985146A (en) * | 1997-07-23 | 1999-11-16 | Trisep Corporation | Sanitary rigid shell spiral wound element |
| CN201216922Y (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2009-04-08 | 刘镇江 | Seven-aperture PVC ultra-filtration membrane |
| CN201227581Y (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2009-04-29 | 吴特殊 | Improved filter film |
| CN102836643A (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2012-12-26 | 宁波福特恩饮水科技有限公司 | Double-channel ceramic filtering membrane |
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Application publication date: 20180921 |