CN108553929B - Atomizing nozzle for airflow type spray dryer - Google Patents
Atomizing nozzle for airflow type spray dryer Download PDFInfo
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- CN108553929B CN108553929B CN201810621366.9A CN201810621366A CN108553929B CN 108553929 B CN108553929 B CN 108553929B CN 201810621366 A CN201810621366 A CN 201810621366A CN 108553929 B CN108553929 B CN 108553929B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/16—Evaporating by spraying
- B01D1/20—Sprayers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/16—Evaporating by spraying
- B01D1/18—Evaporating by spraying to obtain dry solids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D1/00—Evaporating
- B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an atomizing nozzle for an airflow type spray dryer. Comprising the following steps: the feed liquid channels are arranged at the center of the axis of the nozzle and gradually reduced, the gas channels are symmetrically arranged on the circumference of the feed liquid channel along the center of the axis of the nozzle to form a conical surface structure, the cross section area of the conical surface is gradually reduced along the flowing direction, and the gas channels have the same torsion angle along the radial direction of the conical surface while converging along the flowing direction; the tail end of each gas channel is communicated with the annular nozzle cavity and forms an annular gas nozzle at the tail end, and the annular gas nozzle is arranged around the feed liquid nozzle and is in the same plane with the top end of the feed liquid nozzle. The invention optimizes the atomizing nozzle for the airflow type spray drying technology, separates the gas channel from the feed liquid channel, converts the airflow flowing through the gas channel with the geometric structure into high-speed rotating airflow at the gas nozzle, fully atomizes the throttled fine-beam feed liquid sprayed from the feed liquid nozzle, and can stably prepare spherical dry powder with the particle size smaller than 20 microns in one step.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical structure design, and particularly relates to a two-fluid atomizing nozzle used in spray drying equipment.
Background
The purification of motor vehicle exhaust or the post-treatment of industrial flue gas is commonly used for an integral catalytic converter. The porous oxide carrier or other oxide additives loaded with the catalyst active components are coated on a metal or honeycomb ceramic carrier with hundreds of pore channels with the size of 10-1000 microns in a coating-like manner, and then are subjected to subsequent treatment to obtain the integral catalytic converter. The particle size of the oxide is an important index for influencing the bonding degree of the catalyst and the carrier, and the particle size of the oxide powder is generally required to be smaller than 20 microns for a motor vehicle exhaust purification catalytic converter.
The spray drying technology can realize two procedures of granulation and drying at the same time, and is used for manufacturing powder materials in a plurality of industries.
The nozzle drying equipment mainly comprises an air heating device, a blower, a hot air distributor, a nozzle, a drying tower, a cyclone separator, an induced draft fan and the like. When the equipment is in operation, the blower introduces hot air into the drying tower through the hot air distributor at the top of the drying tower to form rotary flow; simultaneously, a nozzle at the top of the drying tower sprays feed liquid into the drying tower for atomization, so that moisture is rapidly evaporated to form dry powder; finally, the separation of gas and powder is achieved in a cyclone. Wherein the non-blocking continuous spraying process is the core part of spray drying, and is critical in the spray nozzle to realize continuous non-blocking spraying.
Spray drying is often divided into two modes, air flow (or air pressure) and centrifugal. Centrifugal spray drying technology adjusts the particle size and particle size distribution of the product by changing the rotational speed of a centrifugal disc. The oxide powder required by the motor vehicle tail gas purifier is prepared by using the method, the granularity of the powder is distributed at 5-50 microns, and the granularity of the powder can be smaller than 20 microns by a subsequent sorting method or a grinding and sorting method.
The precursor powder of the motor vehicle exhaust purification catalyst has certain viscosity, and the air flow type spray drying technology can process feed liquid with larger viscosity, so that the air flow type spray drying mode can be selected to produce the powder meeting the requirement of manufacturing the particle size of the motor vehicle exhaust purification catalyst.
Patent CN202097053U discloses an air-flow sprayer capable of treating high-viscosity liquid or paste-like fluid, the air nozzle and the feed liquid nozzle are coaxial, and the high-pressure feed liquid wraps the compressed air. The feed liquid flows through an expansion chamber in the atomizer, the density and viscosity are reduced, and the feed liquid is atomized by contacting with high-pressure gas at a nozzle.
The patent CN203874940U further indicates that such a nozzle can handle high solids feed streams and that the nozzle is not prone to clogging.
Patent CN1320485a discloses an air-assisted spray nozzle assembly in which feed liquid flows along the axis of the assembly and gas flows along the outer edge of the nozzle, a feed liquid expansion chamber is provided in the nozzle, feed liquid entering the expansion chamber is pre-atomized by compressed air partially introduced into the expansion chamber and re-atomized by contact with air pressurized from the outer air passage via a specially designed flow guiding and pressurizing structure at the central fluid outlet. A relatively low air flow and pressure can be used to effectively create a wide off-plane jet shape and enhance comminution of the liquid particles.
Patent CN104772244a discloses a two-fluid atomizing nozzle, the feed liquid flows to the front end of the nozzle along the axis of the nozzle, then flows into the gas channel from several distributing holes uniformly distributed in the direction vertical to the axis of the nozzle, the gas flows along the annular channel at the outer edge of the nozzle, after flowing through the gas channel distributed along the conical surface in the distributing seat, the gas is changed into vortex by a thin-layer gas distributor with fan blades in the direction vertical to the air flow in the nozzle, then contacts with the feed liquid flowing out of the distributing holes for mixing and atomizing, and the mixture is sprayed into the drying tower from an adjusting block capable of adjusting the injection angle of the feed liquid.
Patent CN2341721Y discloses a pneumatic atomizing nozzle capable of two-stage atomizing of feed liquid, in which a vortex chamber is specially designed, the feed liquid flowing along the axis of the atomizer is atomized primarily in the vortex chamber by a part of compressed gas vortex formed by injecting the feed liquid into the vortex chamber from the outer air passage along the deflection air inlet hole on the vortex chamber, and the primarily atomized liquid drops are atomized secondarily at the outlet of the nozzle by the residual air of the outer air passage.
The patent CN1320485A, CN2341721Y and CN104772244A are all air-flow atomizing nozzles, the feed liquid channel is coaxial with the central line of the nozzle assembly, and the air channels are uniformly and symmetrically distributed on the outer edge of the nozzle assembly. All three nozzles involve a two stage atomization process, with the first stage of atomization occurring inside the nozzle.
Atomization in the nozzles of patents CN234172Y and CN104772244a is achieved by creating a vortex. The vortex of the former is generated in the nozzle from the outer edge gas channel along the deviation air inlet channel entering the internal vortex chamber of the nozzle, and the middle part can have the problems of gas distribution between two stages of atomization and gas and feed liquid pressure matching; the latter swirl is achieved by incorporating a sheet-like gas distributor with vanes of smaller dimensions than the channel into the gas flow channel outside the nozzle, which does not occupy the entire gas channel.
The nozzle structure disclosed in the above patent is either too simple or too complex, and the particle size distribution of the product produced by spray drying using a nozzle having a similar structure or commercially available atomizing nozzles does not meet the requirements for producing a powder material for an exhaust gas purifying catalyst of a motor vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, an airflow type atomizing nozzle is designed by improving the airflow mode in the nozzle, and the improved use method is combined, so that oxide powder materials which are below 20 microns and can meet the requirement of manufacturing the tail gas purifying catalyst of the motor vehicle are produced on airflow type atomizing and drying equipment in one step.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the atomizing nozzle for the airflow type spray dryer comprises a feed liquid channel, a feed liquid nozzle at the tail end of the feed liquid channel, a gas channel and a gas nozzle, and is characterized in that:
the feed liquid channel is arranged at the center of the axis of the nozzle, and the cross-sectional area of the feed liquid channel is gradually reduced along the flowing direction; the structure can increase the spraying speed of the feed liquid and promote the dispersion of the feed liquid.
The multiple gas channels are symmetrically arranged on the circumference of the feed liquid channel along the axis center of the nozzle to form a conical surface structure, the cross section area of the conical surface is gradually reduced along the flowing direction, and the gas channels are converged in the flowing direction and have the same torsion angle along the radial direction of the conical surface; the tail end of each gas channel is communicated with the annular nozzle cavity; the unique structural design can effectively ensure that various airflow with various flow rates and various forms are changed into convergent rotary airflow, so that the airflow forming high-speed rotation is more fully contacted and collided with feed liquid at the nozzle, the feed liquid is favorably dispersed into smaller feed liquid particles, and the granularity of the powder material is controlled below 20 microns.
The cross-sectional area of the annular nozzle cavity is gradually reduced along the flowing direction and an annular gas nozzle is formed at the tail end, the annular gas nozzle is arranged around the feed liquid nozzle, the annular gas nozzle is coaxial with the feed liquid nozzle, the center line is coaxial, and the top ends of the annular gas nozzle and the feed liquid nozzle are on the same plane, so that the design is beneficial to the feed liquid to form uniform spherical feed liquid particles.
The inner wall of the annular nozzle cavity is of an arc-shaped structure in the axial direction, and an arc-shaped cone ring with the cross section area gradually reduced in an arc shape along the flowing direction is formed.
The number of gas channels is 4 to 8.
The gas channels converge in the flow direction while having the same torsion angle θ of 5 to 45 degrees in the radial direction of the tapered surface.
The spray nozzle is arranged at the top, the side surface, the bottom or the middle position of the drying tower of the spray drying equipment.
Further the nozzle is arranged at the axis position of the bottom of the drying tower body.
When the spray nozzle is used, feed liquid flows along the feed liquid channel penetrating through the middle of the spray nozzle, gas flows through the gas channel arranged in the circumferential direction and is recombined in the cavity of the spray nozzle, and the gas and the feed liquid are contacted at the respective spray nozzles and enter the drying tower.
The invention optimizes the atomizing nozzle for the airflow type spray drying technology, uses the atomizing nozzle for the airflow type spray drying technology to treat feed liquid, separates a gas channel from a feed liquid channel, converts the air flow flowing through the gas channel with the geometric structure into high-speed rotating air flow at a gas nozzle, fully atomizes the throttled fine-beam feed liquid sprayed at the feed liquid nozzle, and can stably prepare spherical dry powder with the grain diameter smaller than 20 microns in one step. The nozzle of the invention is used in spray drying equipment, is particularly suitable for manufacturing oxide powder materials for motor vehicle exhaust purification catalysts, and can also be used in pharmaceutical, coating, food and other chemical industries.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a nozzle body of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of a nozzle of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a nozzle cap according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the dispensing station AA of FIG. 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the dispensing base BB of fig. 1.
Part name in the figure: 1 is a nozzle base, 2 is a distribution seat, 3 is a nozzle head, 4 is a screw cap, 5 is a nozzle cap, 6 is a nozzle cavity, 7 is a gas jet, 8 is a feed liquid jet, 9a is a thread one, 9b is a thread two, G is a gas channel, L is a feed liquid channel, and θ is a torsion angle.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific embodiments, which are intended to be illustrative of the principles of the present invention and not in any way limiting, nor will the same or similar techniques be used in connection with the present invention beyond the scope of the present invention.
In combination with the accompanying drawings.
An atomizing nozzle for an airflow type spray dryer comprises a feed liquid channel L and a feed liquid nozzle 8, a gas channel G and a gas nozzle 7 at the tail end of the feed liquid channel L; the feed liquid passageway L is arranged in nozzle axis center, and feed liquid passageway L cross-sectional area reduces along the flow direction step by step.
The multiple gas channels G are symmetrically arranged on the circumferential direction of the feed liquid channel L along the axis center of the nozzle to form a conical surface structure, the cross section area of the conical surface is gradually reduced along the flow direction, and the gas channels G have the same torsion angle theta along the radial direction of the conical surface while converging along the flow direction; the tail end of each gas channel G is communicated with the annular nozzle cavity 6;
the cross-sectional area of the annular nozzle cavity 6 gradually decreases along the flowing direction and forms an annular gas nozzle 7 at the tail end, the annular gas nozzle 7 is arranged around the feed liquid nozzle 8, and the annular gas nozzle 7 and the top end of the feed liquid nozzle 8 are arranged on the same plane.
The inner wall of the annular nozzle cavity 6 is of an arc-shaped structure in the axial direction, so that an arc-shaped cone ring with the cross section area gradually reduced in an arc shape along the flowing direction is formed.
The number of the gas passages G is 4 to 8. The gas passages G are converged in the flow direction while having the same torsion angle θ in the radial direction of the tapered surface, which is 5 to 45 degrees.
The spray nozzle is arranged at the top, the side surface, the bottom or the middle position of the drying tower of the spray drying equipment. The optimum mounting position of the nozzle is at the axis of the bottom of the drying tower column.
The following description will be given of a specific machining structure, which is realized in this example by two parts of the nozzle body and the nozzle cap 5.
The structure of the nozzle is shown in figures 1,2,3, 4 and 5, and consists of a nozzle body and a nozzle cap 5. The nozzle body comprises a nozzle base 1, a dispensing seat 2 and a nozzle head 3. The nozzle base 1 is fixed at the tail of the feeding pipe through a first thread 9a, and the nozzle cap 5 is fixed at the rear end of the dispensing seat 2 through a screw cap 4 and a second thread 9 b. The size of the feed liquid channel L on the axis of the nozzle main body is reduced at the tail part of the distribution seat, and the size of the feed liquid channel L is reduced to the size of the feed liquid spout 8 along the conical surface in the feed liquid nozzle. The space between the outer wall of the nozzle base 1 and the inner wall of the feed pipe is an annular gas channel at the front end of the nozzle body. The distribution seat 2 is internally provided with a plurality of equal-diameter cylindrical gas channels which are uniformly distributed along the fluid flow direction, and the axial distance between each gas channel and the nozzle main body is gradually reduced along the fluid flow direction. In addition, there is a radial angle between the axis of each gas passage and the axis of the nozzle body, as shown in fig. 4 and 5. The inner wall of the nozzle cap 5 and the space at the top end of the nozzle body form a vortex nozzle cavity 6, and the periphery of a feed liquid nozzle 8 at the top end of the nozzle cap 5 forms a gas nozzle 7 with an annular narrow hole structure. The outlet edges of the gas nozzle 7 and the feed liquid nozzle 8 are flush.
The feed liquid flows along the feed liquid channel L, is compressed step by step in the nozzle body, and is sprayed into the drying tower body from the feed liquid nozzle 8. The gas flows through the feed pipe, along the annular channel of the nozzle base 1 part to the front end of the distributor base 2, through the gas channel G in the distributor base 2 and into the nozzle chamber 6. The gas channels G which are distributed and collected along the conical surface in the distribution seat 2 and the radial included angle between the gas channels G and the feed liquid channel L enable gas to flow through the gas channels L in the distribution seat to be converged into the nozzle cavity 6 along the axial direction of the nozzle and move along the radial direction of the nozzle, so that a rotary gas flow is formed in the nozzle cavity 6. The total cross-sectional area of the gas channel G in the dispensing seat 2 is smaller than the annular channel cross-sectional area of the portion of the nozzle base 1, and the cross-sectional area of the gas spout 7 is also much smaller than the cross-sectional area of the gas channel in the dispensing chamber, so that the gas is partially compressed in the dispensing chamber, a vortex which is accelerated by the primary velocity is formed in the nozzle chamber 6, and the vortex spouts out of the gas spout 7 in the form of a high-speed rotating gas flow after the gas spout 7 with a smaller caliber is sufficiently compressed. The high-speed jet gas vortex can fully contact, crush and atomize the feed liquid from the feed liquid nozzle 8.
The nozzle is arranged at the bottom of the axis of the drying tower body, and the nozzle opening direction of the nozzle is vertically upwards, so that the flow direction of feed liquid and hot air flowing downwards from the top of the drying tower are opposite, which is beneficial to increasing the contact area between an atomized mixture and the hot air and increasing the residence time of the material in the drying tower, thereby increasing the heat energy exchange efficiency between the atomized material and the hot air.
When the nozzle is used, the high-speed vortex airflow surrounds the feed liquid nozzle 8 when the gas nozzle 7 is throttled and sprayed, the pressure at the outlet of the nozzle is smaller, and an extra pressure difference is introduced on the basis of the static pressure difference between the liquid level at the feed liquid inlet and the feed liquid nozzle, so that the flow of feed liquid is facilitated. The flow of the feed liquid is further facilitated when the position of the feed liquid spout 8 mounted on the drying tower is lowered. Experiments prove that the spray nozzle is arranged at the bottom axis position of the column body of the drying tower, and even if the liquid level position of the feed liquid inlet is lower than the position of the spray nozzle, the feed liquid does not need to apply extra pressure, or the position of the feed liquid storage tank is not required to be higher than the position of the spray nozzle, so that the feed liquid can be atomized and dried into powder below 20 microns by the airflow type spray drying equipment.
As shown in fig. 1,2, and 3, fig. 1 is a main structure view of a nozzle, fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of the nozzle, and fig. 3 is a cap structure view of the nozzle; the upper part of fig. 1 is a sectional view, the lower part is a structural view of the outer shape, the lower part does not show the outer shape of the nozzle cap 5, the upper part of fig. 3 is a sectional view, the lower part is a structural view of the outer shape, and the lower part comprises the outer shape of the nozzle cap 5. The present illustration adopts a threaded connection structure to connect a nozzle base 1, a distribution seat 2 and a nozzle head 3, and the structures of a gas channel G, a feed liquid channel L, a nozzle cavity 6, a gas nozzle 7, a feed liquid nozzle 8, etc. are arranged in the present invention. The nozzle chamber 6 is formed by a screw cap 4 connecting a nozzle cap 5 with the dispensing seat 2. The gas channel G and the feed liquid channel L are arranged in the nozzle base 1 and the distribution seat 2, and an annular gas nozzle 7 and a feed liquid nozzle 8 are formed on the same plane on the top surface of the front part of the nozzle.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the dispensing base AA, and fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the dispensing base BB. In the illustration, a feed liquid channel L is positioned at the center of the shaft, and the diameter of the feed liquid channel L at the center of the shaft of the distribution seat 2 along the flowing direction gradually becomes smaller, and in fig. 4, the diameter of the feed liquid channel L is larger than that of the feed liquid channel L in fig. 5; the gas passages G are arranged in 6 groups, and 6 gas passages G form a tapered surface structure in the flow direction, have a circumference larger than that of fig. 5 in fig. 4, and are twisted by a torsion angle θ.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides an atomizing nozzle for air current formula spray dryer, includes feed liquid passageway and terminal feed liquid spout, gas channel and gas spout, its characterized in that:
the feed liquid channel is arranged at the center of the axis of the nozzle, and the cross-sectional area of the feed liquid channel is gradually reduced along the flowing direction;
the multiple gas channels are symmetrically arranged on the circumference of the feed liquid channel along the axis center of the nozzle to form a conical surface structure, the cross section area of the conical surface is gradually reduced along the flow direction, and the gas channels are converged in the flow direction and have the same torsion angle along the radial direction of the conical surface, and the torsion angle theta is 5-45 degrees; the tail end of each gas channel is communicated with the annular nozzle cavity;
the cross-sectional area of the annular nozzle cavity is gradually reduced along the flowing direction, an annular gas nozzle is formed at the tail end, the annular gas nozzle is arranged around the feed liquid nozzle, and the annular gas nozzle and the top end of the feed liquid nozzle are on the same plane; the inner wall of the annular nozzle cavity is of an arc-shaped structure in the axial direction, and an arc-shaped cone ring with the cross section area gradually reduced in an arc shape along the flowing direction is formed.
2. The atomizing nozzle for an air-flow type spray dryer according to claim 1, wherein: the number of gas channels is 4 to 8.
3. The atomizing nozzle for an air-flow type spray dryer according to claim 2, wherein: the nozzles are arranged at the top, side, bottom or middle position of the drying tower of the spray drying equipment.
4. An atomizing nozzle for an air-flow type spray dryer as set forth in claim 3, wherein: the nozzle is arranged at the axis position of the bottom of the drying tower body.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810621366.9A CN108553929B (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2018-06-15 | Atomizing nozzle for airflow type spray dryer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810621366.9A CN108553929B (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2018-06-15 | Atomizing nozzle for airflow type spray dryer |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN108553929A CN108553929A (en) | 2018-09-21 |
| CN108553929B true CN108553929B (en) | 2023-10-03 |
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| CN201810621366.9A Active CN108553929B (en) | 2018-06-15 | 2018-06-15 | Atomizing nozzle for airflow type spray dryer |
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| CN114871005B (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2023-01-17 | 重庆大学 | Icing wind tunnel nozzle based on different distribution forms for feedback adjustment |
| CN115870117B (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-05-19 | 山东浩纳新材料科技集团有限公司 | Novel spray nozzle |
| CN116271890B (en) * | 2023-05-19 | 2023-10-27 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Sprayer, spray drying device, spray drying system and control method thereof |
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|---|---|
| CN108553929A (en) | 2018-09-21 |
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