CN108551990A - 一种菠萝的防虫方法 - Google Patents

一种菠萝的防虫方法 Download PDF

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CN108551990A
CN108551990A CN201810267724.0A CN201810267724A CN108551990A CN 108551990 A CN108551990 A CN 108551990A CN 201810267724 A CN201810267724 A CN 201810267724A CN 108551990 A CN108551990 A CN 108551990A
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李达耀
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Pingnan County Zhengda Agricultural Cooperatives
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Abstract

本发明涉及农业种植技术领域,提供一种菠萝的防虫方法,包括以下步骤:1)整地定值:选择好种植地后进行深翻耕,起垄挖穴,选苗定值,并在树根周围均匀散入防虫药物,并与表层泥土拌匀,直至收获果实,该防虫药物是由诱饵和药物混合而成,其中诱饵主要由土豆、油菜、鱼粉、狐尾草及香根草制成;药物主要由蛇床子素乳油、鱼藤酮乳油及血根碱可湿性粉剂制成;2)喷洒防虫液:种植后定期喷洒防虫液,直至收获,该防虫液主要由碰碰香、香妃草、三百草、香蜂草、博落回、茵陈、葛缕子、猫薄荷、菖蒲、乳油及桉叶素可溶液剂制成;3)果园管理。该方法有效减少病虫害,幼苗成活率高,增加菠萝的产量,果实硕大水分多,肉质甜腻可口,农药残留量降低。

Description

一种菠萝的防虫方法
技术领域
本发明涉及农业种植技术领域,具体涉及一种菠萝的防虫方法。
背景技术
菠萝原产于南美洲巴西、巴拉圭的亚马逊河流域一带,现在已经流传到整个热带地区。其可食部分主要由肉质增大之花序轴、螺旋状排列于外周的花组成,花通常不结实,宿存的花被裂片围成一空腔,腔内藏有萎缩的雄蕊和花柱。叶的纤维甚坚韧,可供织物、制绳、结网和造纸。菠萝的种植方法都比较单一,都是根据前人的种植方法稍加改进来操作的,每年的产量都差不多,并且由于近年来环境污染日益严重,土壤肥力日趋下降,导致在种植的时候会出现大大小小的问题。菠萝虫害主要有粉蚧壳虫、蟋蟀、蛴螬、独角仙、菠萝洁粉蚧、菠萝长叶螨等,会导致菠萝果实变黄早落,即使果实不落也必腐烂不堪食用,影响果农的收成。目前对菠萝虫害的防治一般通过农药喷洒,而农药的喷洒不仅容易使害虫产生抗药性,达不到去除虫害的效果,而且使菠萝果实被农药污染,食用含有农药残留的菠萝,可使农药在体内蓄积,对人体健康构成潜在威胁。
发明内容
本发明的发明目的在于:针对上述存在的问题,提供一种菠萝的防虫方法,有效减少病虫害,幼苗成活率高,增加菠萝的产量,果实硕大水分多,肉质甜腻可口,农药残留量降低。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种菠萝的防虫方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)整地定值:选择疏松肥沃、排水良好、避风向阳的土壤为种植地,进行深翻耕,起垄挖穴,选取长势好、遗传性能好、无病虫害的菠萝树苗定值于穴中,填土踏实,浇透定根水,待定值5-10天后,每隔20-30天在菠萝树根方圆0.8-1m的地方,均匀散入一次防虫药物,并与表层泥土拌匀,直至收获果实;
所述防虫药物是由诱饵和药物混合而成,其中所述诱饵主要包括土豆、油菜、鱼粉、狐尾草及香根草;所述药物主要包括蛇床子素乳油、鱼藤酮乳油及血根碱可湿性粉剂;
(2)喷洒防虫液:菠萝树种植后,每隔20-30天向菠萝树和树根周围喷洒防虫液,直至收获果实;
所述防虫液主要由以下原料制成:碰碰香、香妃草、三百草、香蜂草、博落回、茵陈、葛缕子、猫薄荷、菖蒲、乳油及桉叶素可溶液剂;
(3)果园管理:根据菠萝树的成长情况,进行追肥、修剪、松土、除草、收获的常规果园管理。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述诱饵主要由以下重量份原料制成:土豆5-7份、油菜3-7份、鱼粉3-5份、狐尾草5-10份及香根草8-10份。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述药物主要由以下重量份原料制成:蛇床子素乳油10-20份、鱼藤酮乳油15-25份及血根碱可湿性粉剂10-30份。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述诱饵和所述药物的质量比为1∶2-3。
优选地,步骤(1)中所述防虫药物的制备方法为:
S1:将土豆、油菜、鱼粉、狐尾草及香根草绞碎后混合均匀,得到混合物,备用;
S2:将蛇床子素乳油、鱼藤酮乳油及血根碱可湿性粉剂溶解于水中,混合制得混合液,并将制得的混合液与上述制得的混合物搅拌均匀,制得所述防虫药物。
优选地,步骤(1)中穴长为10-12cm,宽为10-15cm,深为6-8cm,株距为1-1.5m。
优选地,步骤(3)中所述防虫液主要由以下重量份原料制成:碰碰香10-20份、香妃草15-20份、三百草15-25份、香蜂草20-25份、博落回20-30份、茵陈15-30份、葛缕子10-20份、猫薄荷10-30份、菖蒲15-30份、乳油5-10份及桉叶素可溶液剂10-20份。
优选地,步骤(3)中所述防虫液的制备方法为:
a.将碰碰香、香妃草、三百草、香蜂草、博落回、茵陈、葛缕子、猫薄荷及菖蒲绞碎成浆后,加入上述原料总量的2-3倍水熬煮0.5-1h,冷却后备用;
b.将乳油及桉叶素可溶液剂溶于水中,搅拌混合均匀后加入步骤(1)中,然后加水稀释成100-200倍,制得所述防虫液。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明的菠萝的防虫方法,有效减少病虫害,幼苗成活率高,增加菠萝的产量果实硕大水分多,肉质甜腻可口,农药残留量降低。
2、本发明的菠萝的防虫方法使用的防虫药物是由诱饵和药物混合而成,其中诱饵主要包括土豆、油菜、鱼粉、狐尾草及香根草;药物主要包括蛇床子素乳油、鱼藤酮乳油及血根碱可湿性粉剂;诱饵中土豆、油菜及鱼粉是地下虫害喜食物质,而狐尾草及香根草具有特殊气味,有吸引病虫害,蛇床子素乳油、鱼藤酮乳油及血根碱可湿性粉剂制成的药物,增加了病虫害的杀伤范围,对病虫害具有显著触杀、胃毒作用,有效减少了地下病虫害对果树的侵蚀,同时还吸引有益昆虫,从而,减少了病虫害,提高幼苗成活率,增加产量。
3、本发明的菠萝的防虫方法使用的防虫液主要由碰碰香、香妃草、三百草、香蜂草、博落回、茵陈、葛缕子、猫薄荷、菖蒲、乳油及桉叶素可溶液剂制成;原料中特有的气味不仅能趋避害虫,还能吸引益虫,其中所含的有效成分具有一定的毒性,对害虫具有触杀、胃毒、拒食及趋避等作用,杀虫杀菌范围广泛,效果显著,有效减少病虫害对果实的破坏,有效提高产量,同时减少农药使用率,从而提高果实风味,健康环保。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。本文所使用的术语“及/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
实施例1
1、防虫药物的制备
防虫药物是由诱饵和药物按质量比为1:2混合而成;其中,诱饵由以下重量份原料制成:土豆5份、油菜3份、鱼粉3份、狐尾草5份及香根草8份;药物主要由以下重量份原料制成:蛇床子素乳油10份、鱼藤酮乳油15份及血根碱可湿性粉剂10份。
将上述配比的预料使用下述的方法制备防虫药物,具体包括以下步骤:
S1:将土豆、油菜、鱼粉、狐尾草及香根草绞碎后混合均匀,得到混合物,备用;
S2:将蛇床子素乳油、鱼藤酮乳油及血根碱可湿性粉剂溶解于水中,混合制得混合液,并将制得的混合液与上述制得的混合物搅拌均匀,制得所述防虫药物。
2、防虫液的制备
防虫液主要由以下重量份原料制成:碰碰香10份、香妃草15份、三百草15份、香蜂草20份、博落回20份、茵陈15份、葛缕子10份、猫薄荷10份、菖蒲15份、乳油5份及桉叶素可溶液剂10份。
将上述配比的预料使用下述的方法制备防虫液,具体包括以下步骤:
a.将碰碰香、香妃草、三百草、香蜂草、博落回、茵陈、葛缕子、猫薄荷及菖蒲绞碎成浆后,加入上述原料总量的2倍水熬煮0.5h,冷却后备用;
b.将乳油及桉叶素可溶液剂溶于水中,搅拌混合均匀后加入步骤(1)中,然后加水稀释成100倍,制得所述防虫液。
3、将上述制备得到的防虫药物、防虫液用在菠萝的防虫方法上,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)整地定值:选择疏松肥沃、排水良好、避风向阳的土壤为种植地,进行深翻耕,起垄挖穴,穴长为10cm,宽为10cm,深为6cm,选取长势好、遗传性能好、无病虫害的菠萝树苗定值于穴中,株距为1m,填土踏实,浇透定根水,待定值5天后,每隔20天在菠萝树根方圆0.8m的地方,均匀散入一次上述制得的防虫药物,并与表层泥土拌匀,直至收获果实;
(2)喷洒防虫液:菠萝树种植后,每隔20天向菠萝树和树根周围喷洒上述制得的防虫液,直至收获果实;
(3)果园管理:根据菠萝树的成长情况,进行追肥、修剪、松土、除草、收获的常规果园管理。
实施例2
1、防虫药物的制备
防虫药物是由诱饵和药物按质量比为1:2.5混合而成;其中,诱饵由以下重量份原料制成:土豆6份、油菜5份、鱼粉4份、狐尾草7份及香根草9份;药物主要由以下重量份原料制成:蛇床子素乳油15份、鱼藤酮乳油20份及血根碱可湿性粉剂20份。
将上述配比的预料使用下述的方法制备防虫药物,具体包括以下步骤:
S1:将土豆、油菜、鱼粉、狐尾草及香根草绞碎后混合均匀,得到混合物,备用;
S2:将蛇床子素乳油、鱼藤酮乳油及血根碱可湿性粉剂溶解于水中,混合制得混合液,并将制得的混合液与上述制得的混合物搅拌均匀,制得所述防虫药物。
2、防虫液的制备
防虫液主要由以下重量份原料制成:碰碰香15份、香妃草17份、三百草20份、香蜂草23份、博落回25份、茵陈23份、葛缕子15份、猫薄荷20份、菖蒲20份、乳油7份及桉叶素可溶液剂15份。
将上述配比的预料使用下述的方法制备防虫液,具体包括以下步骤:
a.将碰碰香、香妃草、三百草、香蜂草、博落回、茵陈、葛缕子、猫薄荷及菖蒲绞碎成浆后,加入上述原料总量的2.5倍水熬煮0.7h,冷却后备用;
b.将乳油及桉叶素可溶液剂溶于水中,搅拌混合均匀后加入步骤(1)中,然后加水稀释成150倍,制得所述防虫液。
3、将上述制备得到的防虫药物、防虫液用在菠萝的防虫方法上,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)整地定值:选择疏松肥沃、排水良好、避风向阳的土壤为种植地,进行深翻耕,起垄挖穴,穴长为11cm,宽为13cm,深为7cm,选取长势好、遗传性能好、无病虫害的菠萝树苗定值于穴中,株距为1.3m,填土踏实,浇透定根水,待定值7天后,每隔25天在菠萝树根方圆0.9m的地方,均匀散入一次上述制得的防虫药物,并与表层泥土拌匀,直至收获果实;
(2)喷洒防虫液:菠萝树种植后,每隔25天向菠萝树和树根周围喷洒上述制得的防虫液,直至收获果实;
(3)果园管理:根据菠萝树的成长情况,进行追肥、修剪、松土、除草、收获的常规果园管理。
实施例3
1、防虫药物的制备
防虫药物是由诱饵和药物按质量比为1:3混合而成;其中,诱饵由以下重量份原料制成:土豆7份、油菜7份、鱼粉5份、狐尾草10份及香根草10份;药物主要由以下重量份原料制成:蛇床子素乳油20份、鱼藤酮乳油25份及血根碱可湿性粉剂30份。
将上述配比的预料使用下述的方法制备防虫药物,具体包括以下步骤:
S1:将土豆、油菜、鱼粉、狐尾草及香根草绞碎后混合均匀,得到混合物,备用;
S2:将蛇床子素乳油、鱼藤酮乳油及血根碱可湿性粉剂溶解于水中,混合制得混合液,并将制得的混合液与上述制得的混合物搅拌均匀,制得所述防虫药物。
2、防虫液的制备
防虫液主要由以下重量份原料制成:碰碰香20份、香妃草20份、三百草25份、香蜂草25份、博落回30份、茵陈30份、葛缕子20份、猫薄荷30份、菖蒲30份、乳油10份及桉叶素可溶液剂20份。
将上述配比的预料使用下述的方法制备防虫液,具体包括以下步骤:
a.将碰碰香、香妃草、三百草、香蜂草、博落回、茵陈、葛缕子、猫薄荷及菖蒲绞碎成浆后,加入上述原料总量的3倍水熬煮1h,冷却后备用;
b.将乳油及桉叶素可溶液剂溶于水中,搅拌混合均匀后加入步骤(1)中,然后加水稀释成200倍,制得所述防虫液。
3、将上述制备得到的防虫药物、防虫液用在菠萝的防虫方法上,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)整地定值:选择疏松肥沃、排水良好、避风向阳的土壤为种植地,进行深翻耕,起垄挖穴,穴长为12cm,宽为15cm,深为8cm,选取长势好、遗传性能好、无病虫害的菠萝树苗定值于穴中,株距为1.5m,填土踏实,浇透定根水,待定值10天后,每隔30天在菠萝树根方圆1m的地方,均匀散入一次上述制备的防虫药物,并与表层泥土拌匀,直至收获果实;
(2)喷洒防虫液:菠萝树种植后,每隔30天向菠萝树和树根周围喷洒上述制备的防虫液,直至收获果实;
(3)果园管理:根据菠萝树的成长情况,进行追肥、修剪、松土、除草、收获的常规果园管理。
申请人针对本发明的菠萝的防虫方法进行了大量对比试验,并进行了相关性能的检测及统计,结果如表1所示:
对比例1:传统的菠萝的防虫方法。
对比例2:没有用本发明制得的防虫药物,其他与本发明实施例1相同。
对比例3:没有用本发明制得的防虫液,其他与本发明实施例1相同。
从表1可知,本发明生产的菠萝果树枝条茂盛,有效减少病虫害,幼苗成活率高,显著增加菠萝的平均单重及亩产量,营养价值高,果实硕大水分多,肉质甜腻可口,且农药残留量大大降低,健康环保。
表1菠萝相关性能检测
组数 平均单重/g 亩产量/kg 幼苗成活率% 农药残留量%
对比例1 910 4700 44.7 13.3
对比例2 980 5468 53.5 8.1
对比例3 990 5586 60.1 9.4
实施例1 1108 6720 83.5 1.01
实施例2 1220 7010 89.2 0.73
实施例3 1357 8210 94.5 0.51
上述说明是针对本发明较佳可行实施例的详细说明,但实施例并非用以限定本发明的专利申请范围,凡本发明所提示的技术精神下所完成的同等变化或修饰变更,均应属于本发明所涵盖专利范围。

Claims (8)

1.一种菠萝的防虫方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)整地定值:选择疏松肥沃、排水良好、避风向阳的土壤为种植地,进行深翻耕,起垄挖穴,选取长势好、遗传性能好、无病虫害的菠萝树苗定值于穴中,填土踏实,浇透定根水,待定值5-10天后,每隔20-30天在菠萝树根方圆0.8-1m的地方,均匀散入一次防虫药物,并与表层泥土拌匀,直至收获果实;
所述防虫药物是由诱饵和药物混合而成,其中所述诱饵主要包括土豆、油菜、鱼粉、狐尾草及香根草;所述药物主要包括蛇床子素乳油、鱼藤酮乳油及血根碱可湿性粉剂;
(2)喷洒防虫液:菠萝树种植后,每隔20-30天向菠萝树和树根周围喷洒防虫液,直至收获果实;
所述防虫液主要由以下原料制成:碰碰香、香妃草、三百草、香蜂草、博落回、茵陈、葛缕子、猫薄荷、菖蒲、乳油及桉叶素可溶液剂;
(3)果园管理:根据菠萝树的成长情况,进行追肥、修剪、松土、除草、收获的常规果园管理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的菠萝的防虫方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述诱饵主要由以下重量份原料制成:土豆5-7份、油菜3-7份、鱼粉3-5份、狐尾草5-10份及香根草8-10份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的菠萝的防虫方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述药物主要由以下重量份原料制成:蛇床子素乳油10-20份、鱼藤酮乳油15-25份及血根碱可湿性粉剂10-30份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的菠萝的防虫方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述诱饵和所述药物的质量比为1:2-3。
5.根据权利要求1所述的菠萝的防虫方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述防虫药物的制备方法为:
S1:将土豆、油菜、鱼粉、狐尾草及香根草绞碎后混合均匀,得到混合物,备用;
S2:将蛇床子素乳油、鱼藤酮乳油及血根碱可湿性粉剂溶解于水中,混合制得混合液,并将制得的混合液与上述制得的混合物搅拌均匀,制得所述防虫药物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的菠萝的防虫方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中穴长为10-12cm,宽为10-15cm,深为6-8cm,株距为1-1.5m。
7.根据权利要求1所述的菠萝的防虫方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中所述防虫液主要由以下重量份原料制成:碰碰香10-20份、香妃草15-20份、三百草15-25份、香蜂草20-25份、博落回20-30份、茵陈15-30份、葛缕子10-20份、猫薄荷10-30份、菖蒲15-30份、乳油5-10份及桉叶素可溶液剂10-20份。
8.根据权利要求7所述的菠萝的防虫方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述防虫液的制备方法为:
a.将碰碰香、香妃草、三百草、香蜂草、博落回、茵陈、葛缕子、猫薄荷及菖蒲绞碎成浆后,加入上述原料总量的2-3倍水熬煮0.5-1h,冷却后备用;
b.将乳油及桉叶素可溶液剂溶于水中,搅拌混合均匀后加入步骤(1)中,然后加水稀释成100-200倍,制得所述防虫液。
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