CN108548844A - The hot physical property sensor and measurement method of annulus heating excitation central point thermometric - Google Patents
The hot physical property sensor and measurement method of annulus heating excitation central point thermometric Download PDFInfo
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- CN108548844A CN108548844A CN201810455486.6A CN201810455486A CN108548844A CN 108548844 A CN108548844 A CN 108548844A CN 201810455486 A CN201810455486 A CN 201810455486A CN 108548844 A CN108548844 A CN 108548844A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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Abstract
The invention discloses the hot physical property sensors that a kind of annulus heats excitation central point thermometric; including the annular electric heater and temperature sensor being clipped between electrical isolation protective film; described temperature sensor one end is fixed on the annular electro heater center, and the annular electric heater and temperature sensor are both provided with extraction line electrode.The present invention is based on heat transfer theories to measure thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion coefficient, the configuration of the present invention is simple, realizes splitting for heater and temperature sensor, avoids the influence of thermal contact resistance, while reducing the requirement to heating power supply；The Method And Principle of measurement thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion coefficient is reliable, algorithm is simple；The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion coefficient that material can quickly be measured simultaneously, to tested shape without particular/special requirement.The present invention has the advantages that simple in structure, calculating is easy, measurement period is short low with manufacturing cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to material thermal conductivities and thermal diffusion coefficient measuring device and method, and in particular to a kind of annulus heating is sharp
Encourage the hot physical property sensor and measurement method of central point thermometric.
Background technology
Material thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion coefficient are the important thermophysical properties of material, and the thermophysical property of especially new material is
One of the basic data that ermal physics scientific domain and materials science field are paid close attention to jointly.
The theoretical foundation for measuring thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion coefficient is heat transfer theory, and basic principle is all by measured material
Be placed under the boundary condition of specific primary condition and heating excitation, measure through the heat flow of measurand and characteristic point or
Temperature on face or rate of temperature change calculate thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion further according to the solution of the equation of heat conduction under the boundary condition
Coefficient.
The method for measuring thermal conductivity can be divided into steady state method and Transient Method according to its measuring principle.Steady state method includes that stable state is flat
Plate method, Steady State Circular tube method, Steady State Circular ball, stable state heat-pole method and stable state stock method etc..The advantages of steady state method is measuring principle letter
Single, precision is higher, the disadvantage is that thermal diffusion coefficient cannot be measured, test period is longer, and for accurate calorimetric and remains steady
The operating mode of state and the ancillary measure taken makes equipment and control system more complicated.Cold store enclosure includes regular operating mode tablet
Method, quasi-steady state pipe method, transient hot wire technique, laser pulse heat resource method and by Adsorbent By Using Transient Plane Source Technique.Transient Technique it is main
Advantage is that test period is short, can measure thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion coefficient etc. simultaneously, but the heat of heater and temperature sensor is used
Property can influence measurement accuracy.
In practical measuring instrument, in addition to the boundary condition required by meeting measuring principle, corresponding technology will be taken
Measure improves the precision of calorimetric and thermometric.For example, common stable state flat band method is built upon the theory of tablet one-dimensional stable heat conduction
On basis, in the instrument of reality, by controlling, heater edge is with the temperature of circumferential annular thermal protection circle consistent to be cut
Weak lateral heat dissipation to ensure that heater calorific value is divided equally close to one-dimensional stable heat conduction condition and using the symmetrical structure of double-test-piece
To ensure accurate heat death theory on two test specimens；In temperature measurement accuracy control aspect, temperature sensor is embedded in test specimen two respectively
To eliminate the influence of thermal contact resistance in the temperature-uniforming plate of the high heat conductance of side.For another example common quasi-steady state is flat in scientific research and teaching
Plate method is the adiabatic boundary ensured using the structure of double-heater on the constant heat flow boundary condition and the plane of symmetry of measuring principle requirement
Condition, the accuracy for ensureing heater calorimetric with the structure of four test specimens are ensured at least with sufficiently large specimen width and thickness ratio
Meet the condition of one-dimensional heat conduction near the test specimen centre of form；But in temperature measurement accuracy control aspect, except sensor is installed as possible
Outside test specimen position of form center, without others safeguard measure.Due to the temperature sensing installed between test specimen heating surface and heater
Device leads to the thermal contact resistance between test specimen and heater, can lead to prodigious error when testing hard material.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of annulus heat excitation central point thermometric hot physical property sensor and
The problem of measurement method, solution must not take into account test period and measurement accuracy.
Technical solution：The hot physical property sensor of annulus heating excitation central point thermometric of the present invention, including it is clipped in electricity
Annular electric heater between insulating protective film and temperature sensor, described temperature sensor one end are fixed on the annular electro and add
Hot device center, the annular electric heater and temperature sensor are both provided with extraction line electrode.
In order to facilitate thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion coefficient is measured, the heat annular electric heater is connected straight by lead-out wire electrode
Regulated power supply, test switch and current detecting instrument are flowed, the temperature sensor passes through lead-out wire electrode series connection Voltage detector.
In order to make to be had specific mathematical analysis relationship between calorimetric physical property and measurement data without demarcating and saving into
This, the annular electric heater is constantan foil or the annular electric heater of 304 stainless steel foils laser cutting molding.The annular adds
The extraction line electrode of hot device is red copper foil laser cutting molding, and is welded together using laser fusion welding with ring heater.Institute
Temperature sensor is stated to be made of K-type thermocouple or thermistor.The extraction line electrode of the temperature sensor is by K-type thermocouple
Silk or copper silver-jacketed wire are made.The electrical isolation protective film uses Kapton Tape film or natural mica membrane laser
Cutting die excision forming.
The measurement method of the hot physical property sensor of annulus heating excitation central point thermometric of the present invention, feature exist
In including the following steps：
(a) sensor is clipped between the test specimen of two pieces of identical surfacings, stands 10~20 minutes to restore
Thermal balance records the initial temperature t of test specimen by temperature monitor0；
(b) output voltage of adjustment adjustable DC power supply gives ring to ensure to export required heating power as 0.5~5.0W
Shape electric heater is powered and keeps power constant, timing is started simultaneously at, with pressure measuring instrument measure annular heater both end voltage
V, current detecting instrument detect the electric current I passed through, then electrical heating power P=VI；Each moment temperature is detected with temperature monitor to pass
The temperature t of sensori；
(c) timer constant duration records hot physical property sensor central temperature ti, then temperature rise rate is between same time
Every the front and back temperature difference divided by time interval twice, i.e. (ti+1-ti)/Δ τ, finds temperature rise rate (ti+1-tiWhen)/Δ τ is maximum
It carves, which is characterized time τc, according to the radius R of annular electric heater, characteristic time τcCalculate thermal diffusion coefficient
(d) thermal conductivity is calculatedWherein, Δ tc=tc-t0, τcIt is annulus heater center point
Place begins to warm up the time that rear temperature rise rate reaches corresponding when maximum value certainly.
Advantageous effect：The configuration of the present invention is simple realizes splitting for heater and temperature sensor, avoids thermal contact resistance
Influence, while reducing the requirement to heating power supply；The Method And Principle of measurement thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion coefficient is reliable, algorithm is simple
It is single；The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion coefficient that material can quickly be measured simultaneously, to tested shape without particular/special requirement.The present invention has structure
Simply, easy, the short advantage low with manufacturing cost of measurement period is calculated.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the present invention；
Position relationship structural diagram when Fig. 2 is test solid material using the present invention；
Measuring system structural scheme of mechanism when Fig. 3 is measurement using the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Invention is further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figs. 1-3, the hot physical property sensor of annulus heating excitation central point thermometric, includes the ring with certain resistance
Shape electric heater 1 and heater lead electrode 1, heater lead electrode 23, temperature sensor 4 and temperature sensor are drawn
Line electrode 1 draws line electrode 26, upper and lower electrical isolation protective film 7 and 8.Annular electric heater and its lead electrode and temperature
Sensor and its lead electrode are clipped between power-on and power-off insulating protective film, and temperature sensor one end is fixed on annular electric heater
Center, the both sides and edge of annular electric heater are closed using electric insulating film in order to avoid leaking electricity or leak, and electric insulating film is simultaneously
Also function to the fixation supporting role of temperature sensor wires.Wherein the size range of electric heater be outer radius R 10mm~
Between 50mm, width is between 50~1000 μm, and thickness is between 50~300 μ, and resistance value is between 1.0~2.0 Ω；Temperature
Sensor 4 and temperature sensor draw line electrode 1 and draw the thickness of line electrode 26 no more than annular membrane heater 11 and
It draws the thickness of line electrode 2 and 3.Annular electric heater 1 and its extraction line electrode 1 draw line electrode 23, temperature sensing
Device 4 and its draw line electrode 1, draw line electrode 26 arrangement in the same plane, above and below electrical isolation protective film 7 and 8 it
Between, constitute the structure that heater is split with circle ring center's temperature sensor.Heater leads electrode 1 draws line electrode two
3, temperature sensor draws line electrode 1, draws the exposing of 26 end of line electrode to access power supply and measuring instrumentss circuit.
In using the device of the invention measurement process, sensor of the invention is clipped in the test specimen 9 of surfacing
It is with heater leads electrode 1 and extraction line electrode 23 that ring heater 1 and direct current is adjustable between test specimen 10
Power supply 13, test switch 14, current detecting instrument 12 are connected, and heater leads electrode 1 is examined with line electrode 23 is drawn with voltage
It surveys 11 electrode of instrument to be connected, constitutes shunt circuit with HEATER FOR MEASURING both end voltage；Temperature sensor is drawn line electrode 1, is drawn
Line electrode 26 is connected to detect the temperature change in heating process with the electrode of temperature monitor 15 respectively.Timer 16 is used
The time begun to warm up is connected to record from power switch.
Wherein, ring heater 1 can be that constantan foil or the laser cutting molding of 304 stainless steel foils, ring heater draw
It is red copper foil laser cutting molding to go out line electrode, and is welded together using laser fusion welding with ring heater.Temperature sensor 4
It is made of K-type thermocouple or thermistor, the extraction line electrode for spending sensor is made by K-type thermocouple wire or copper silver-jacketed wire
It forms, upper and lower be electrically insulated protective film Kapton Tape film or natural mica thin-film material are cut into through laser cutter mould
Type.Ring heater is fixed on lower electrical isolation protective film 7 first, thermocouple temperature sensor 4 is then fixed on annulus
Center, temperature sensor draws line electrode 5 and 6 from reserved ring heater indentation, there, heater leads electrode
It is drawn in intermediate gap, to ensure the smooth of total, is finally covered in ring heater 1 insulating protective film 8 is powered on
Above temperature sensor 4, the gluing knot using Kapton itself is integral.In test, adjustable DC power supply 13
The MS-605D types that precision DC regulated power supply such as steps victory may be used, voltage monitoring instrument 1 uses precision digital voltmeter such as Yongsheng
YS-3135A types, current detecting instrument 12 use precision digital ammeter such as three peak SB-2238 types, test switch 14 can select
Precision digital temperature indicator such as Taiwan Thailand bodyguard temperature measurer can be selected in commercially available common single-pole single-throw switch (SPST), temperature monitor 15
TES-1310, timer (16) can be used commercially available stopwatch or with the timers on mobile phone.Furthermore it is also possible to adjustable DC power supply 13
Using the PMS3600 of such as sub- sharp electronics of program-controlled d. c voltage-stabilized, voltage monitoring instrument 11 is for example deep using bus type AD conversion module
The M-7017 of lattice, current detecting instrument 12 measure the M- such as deep lattice using the accurate sample resistance of bus type AD conversion module series connection
7017, test switch 14 can select the M-7060 of for example deep lattice of bus type switching value module, temperature monitor 15 that bus can be selected
The M-7018 of for example deep lattice of formula electric thermo-couple temperature converter, programmable power supply is connected with each conversion module by RS485 buses, and is led to
Cross RS232/485 converters and PC machine interface, you can composition can be by test system program-controlled PC.At this point, timer 16 can be used
Timer on PC.Furthermore, it is possible to use for example new Tang of microcontroller N79E6003 or macrocrystalline STC-IAP15W413AS for core
TT＆C system is constituted, commercially available Switching Power Supply power supply may be used in DC power supply at this time, is aided with three end pressure-adjustable linear power supply cores
Piece such as LM315K adjusts the adjustable voltage source core in three ends by the output voltage of the control DA conversion chips such as TLC5618 of microcontroller
The output voltage of piece powers to ring heater 2 while playing the role of 13 Voltage detector 11 of adjustable DC power supply；Using AD
Conversion chip such as AD7705 detections are connected on the voltage at the sample resistance both ends in heating installation power supply circuit, can play electric current inspection
The effect for surveying instrument 12 is driven midget relay with microcontroller pin, can replace and measure switch 14, be amplified using thermocouple signal
Chip such as AD8495 and the temperature signal that can measure out thermocouple using AD conversion chip such as AD7705, play temperature monitor 15
Effect, the timer in microcontroller can substitute timer 16, using with serial line interface liquid crystal touch control display such as enlightening text
DWT48270T043 realizes control operation and display as man-machine interface, so that it may to constitute SCM Based test system.
It can be derived according to heat transfer theory, in Infinite medium, unit length constant heat generation power is ql, radius
For τ moment of the ring heater after begin to warm up of R, the temperature of circle ring center's temperature is upgraded to：
Wherein, Fo=a τ/R2, a, λ are the thermal diffusion coefficient and thermal conductivity of medium respectively, and erfc is error cofunction.From
Above formula can export, the temperature rise rate of circle ring centerReach peak value in Fo=1/6.Corresponding temperature at this time is upgraded to：
According to above two formula, if it is possible to be captured in annulus heating process corresponding to circle ring center's maximum temperature rise rate
Time τc, so that it may the thermal diffusion coefficient of medium is directly calculated：
Further according to τ at this timecCorresponding temperature rises Δ Tc, you can calculate the thermal conductivity of medium：
Or
Wherein P=2 π RqlTotal heating power of annulus, can according to the heater both end voltage V measured and by
Electric current I is calculated, P=VI.
Wherein, a is the thermal diffusion coefficient of measured material, unit m2·s-1；τcIt is to be opened certainly at annulus heater center point
Temperature rise rate reaches time corresponding when maximum value, unit s after beginning heating；λ is the thermal conductivity of measured material, and unit is
W·m-1·K-1；P is the power of annulus heater, unit W；R is the outer diameter of annulus, unit m.
The present invention is measurement thermal conductivity and thermal diffusion coefficient based on principles above, and the method for test specifically includes following
Step：
(a) sensor is clipped between the test specimen of two pieces of identical surfacings, stands 10~20 minutes to restore
Thermal balance records the initial temperature t of test specimen by temperature monitor0；
(b) output voltage of adjustment adjustable DC power supply is to ensure to export required heating power for 0.5~5.0W, generally
For output voltage between 1.0~20.0V, heating power is 0.5~5.0W, is powered to annular electric heater and keeps power not
Become, start simultaneously at timing, with pressure measuring instrument measure annular heater both end voltage V, current detecting instrument detects the electric current passed through
I, then electrical heating power P=VI；The temperature t of each moment temperature sensor is detected with temperature monitori；
(c) timer constant duration records hot physical property sensor central temperature ti, then temperature rise rate is between same time
Every the front and back temperature difference divided by time interval twice, i.e. (ti+1-ti)/Δ τ, finds temperature rise rate (ti+1-tiWhen)/Δ τ is maximum
It carves, which is characterized time τc, according to the radius R of annular electric heater, characteristic time τcCalculate thermal diffusion coefficient
(d) thermal conductivity is calculatedWherein, Δ tc=tc-t0, τcIt is annulus heater center point
Place begins to warm up the time that rear temperature rise rate reaches corresponding when maximum value certainly.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of hot physical property sensor of annulus heating excitation central point thermometric, which is characterized in that including being clipped in electrical isolation protection
Annular electric heater between film and temperature sensor, described temperature sensor one end are fixed in the annular electric heater
The heart, the annular electric heater and temperature sensor are both provided with extraction line electrode.
2. heating the hot physical property sensor of excitation central point thermometric according to annulus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The annular electric heater passes through lead-out wire electrode series connection adjustable power of direct current (13), test switch (14) and current detecting instrument
(12), the temperature sensor passes through lead-out wire electrode series connection Voltage detector (11).
3. the hot physical property sensor of annulus heating excitation central point thermometric according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Annular electric heater (1) is constantan foil or the annular electric heater of 304 stainless steel foils laser cutting molding.
4. the hot physical property sensor of annulus heating excitation central point thermometric according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The extraction line electrode of ring heater is red copper foil laser cutting molding, and is welded on one using laser fusion welding with ring heater
It rises.
5. the hot physical property sensor of annulus heating excitation central point thermometric according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Temperature sensor (4) is made of K-type thermocouple or thermistor.
6. the hot physical property sensor of annulus heating excitation central point thermometric according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The extraction line electrode of temperature sensor is made by K-type thermocouple wire or copper silver-jacketed wire.
7. the hot physical property sensor of annulus heating excitation central point thermometric according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The protective film that is electrically insulated uses Kapton Tape film or natural mica membrane laser cutting die excision forming.
8. the measurement method of the hot physical property sensor using annulus as described in claim 1 heating excitation central point thermometric,
It is characterized in that, includes the following steps：
(a) sensor is clipped between the test specimen of two pieces of identical surfacings, it is flat with recovery heat to stand 10~20 minutes
Weighing apparatus records the initial temperature t of test specimen by temperature monitor (15)0；
(b) output voltage of adjustment adjustable DC power supply (13) gives ring to ensure to export required heating power as 0.5~5.0W
Shape electric heater is powered and keeps power constant, timing is started simultaneously at, with pressure measuring instrument (11) measure annular heater both ends
Voltage V, current detecting instrument (12) detect the electric current I passed through, then electrical heating power P=VI；It is each with temperature monitor (15) detection
The temperature t of a moment temperature sensor (4)i；
(c) timer (15) constant duration records hot physical property sensor central temperature ti, then temperature rise rate is same time interval
The front and back temperature difference divided by time interval twice, i.e. (ti+1-ti)/Δ τ, finds temperature rise rate (ti+1-tiAt the time of)/Δ τ maximums,
The moment is characterized time τc, according to the radius R of annular electric heater, characteristic time τcCalculate thermal diffusion coefficient
(d) thermal conductivity is calculatedWherein, Δ tc=tc-t0, τcBe at annulus heater center point from
Begin to warm up the time that rear temperature rise rate reaches corresponding when maximum value.
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| CN109557129A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-04-02 | 同济大学 | A kind of measurement method of film thermal diffusion coefficient |
| CN109613055A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-12 | 上海工程技术大学 | A kind of the stable state measuring method and measurement device of cylindrical battery radial direction thermal coefficient |
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| CN109613055A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-12 | 上海工程技术大学 | A kind of the stable state measuring method and measurement device of cylindrical battery radial direction thermal coefficient |
| CN109613055B (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2023-12-12 | 上海工程技术大学 | Steady state measuring method and measuring device for radial heat conductivity coefficient of cylindrical battery |
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| CN108548844B (en) | 2020-09-11 |
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