CN108548747A - The portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition - Google Patents
The portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition Download PDFInfo
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- CN108548747A CN108548747A CN201810264923.6A CN201810264923A CN108548747A CN 108548747 A CN108548747 A CN 108548747A CN 201810264923 A CN201810264923 A CN 201810264923A CN 108548747 A CN108548747 A CN 108548747A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition, and the method includes the following steps：S1：Dispersant solution, constant temperature oscillation is added in air-dried soil；S2：The separated sand from the soil liquid after dispersion；S3：Powder is detached from the soil liquid after dispersion；S4：The sand grains and powder for drying separation, weigh；S4：Calculate soil mechanical composition.The more traditional hydrometer method of the present invention and pipette method, are easy to grasp, of low cost, it is only necessary to balance (being accurate to 0.01g), 0.053mm standard soil sieve, baking oven and the Conventional glass experiment equipment as operations such as oscillation, stirrings.In addition, another advantage of this method be can batch processing pedotheque, improve analysis efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environment and agricultural technology field, and in particular to a kind of portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition.
Background technology
Soil matrix differs by different proportion, grain size thickness, shape and forms different particle and forms, according to USDA
Grade scale, can be divided into sand grains (2-0.05mm), powder (0.05-0.002mm) and clay (<0.002mm).Sand grains, powder
It is known as the mechanical composition of soil, also referred to as particle diameter distribution with the ratio of clay.Soil mechanical composition is that one of soil is relatively stable
Natural quality, decide that the water storage transmissibility of soil, fertilizer supply and preservation, aeration, tilth etc. are physical to a certain extent
Matter, and then the validity of biomass N and nutrient element is influenced, vegetation growth state is finally influenced, to soil in life
Function in state environment also has apparent influence, the factor that emphasis considers in soil mechanical composition or engineering construction in addition.Cause
The rapid and accurate determination of this soil mechanical composition measurement project most basic in being all and the relevant research work of soil.
The currently used analysis method of mechanical composition has pipette method, hydrometer method, also has recently and utilizes centrifugation, laser particle size
The methods of instrument measures.Pipette method is cumbersome but relatively accurate；Hydrometer method operation is simpler, but precision is slightly poor, calculates also number
It is tired.Pipette method and hydrometer method are roughly divided into 3 dispersion, screening and sedimentation steps.H is often used in dispersion process2O2, six partially
Sodium phosphate etc. makes soil agreegate, colloidal dispersions.The analysis cost of pipette method and hydrometer method is higher, is roughly equal to every sample 40-100
Member needs the task equipments such as densimeter, and analysis time is longer.
Invention content
In view of the foregoing drawbacks, the present invention proposes a kind of portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition of the present invention, including step：
S1：Dispersant solution, constant temperature oscillation is added in air-dried soil；
S2：The separated sand from the soil liquid after dispersion；
S3:Powder is detached from the soil liquid after dispersion；
S4：The sand grains and powder for drying separation, weigh；
S5：Calculate soil mechanical composition.
Wherein, the separated sand and the step of separation powder, include：By the soil liquid sieving after dispersion, sand is detached
Grain；It is sufficiently stirred sieving turbid solution, is stood, powder is detached.
Wherein, the dispersant solution is 2-4% sodium hexametaphosphate solutions.
Wherein, the constant temperature oscillation condition is 18-25 DEG C, frequency of oscillation 100-150r/min, duration of oscillation 1.5-
2.5 hour.
Wherein, the standard soil mesh size used that is sieved is 0.053mm.
Wherein, the separated sand refers to distilled water flushing, and mud in bottle is all crossed 0.053mm soil with wash bottle to be sieved to
In 1L beakers, with distillation washing 3-10 times, the glass bar with Rubber end is used in combination gently to smash several times, eluate volume is 400-
600ml。
Wherein, the separated sand, which refers to, is transferred to the remaining grains of sand part (sand, 0.05-2mm) on soil sieve with wash bottle
In aluminium box, 5-15min is stood, liquid is carefully discarded supernatant, it is to be dried.
Wherein, it is described be sufficiently stirred sieving turbid solution refer to being mixed well the liquid in beaker with glass bar, then in
90min to 6h is stood under room temperature.
Wherein, the separation powder refer specifically to pour out suspension (clay,<0.002mm), with wash bottle by the powder of precipitation
(silt, 0.002-0.05mm) is partly transferred to aluminium box (weighing in advance), stands 15min, carefully discards suspension, to be dried.
Wherein, the S4 drying sand grains and powder refer specifically to the aluminium box equipped with sand grains and powder being placed in baking oven, 100-
120 DEG C drying to constant weight, weighs.
The more traditional hydrometer method of the present invention and pipette method, are easy to grasp, of low cost, it is only necessary to balance (being accurate to 0.01g),
0.053mm standard soil sieve, baking oven and the Conventional glass experiment equipment as operations such as oscillation, stirrings.In addition, this method is another
One advantage be can batch processing pedotheque, improve analysis efficiency.
Description of the drawings
The flow chart of Fig. 1 embodiment of the present invention；
The comparison diagram of Fig. 2 present invention and hydrometer method；
2 Changshu soil mechanical composition axonometric projection of Fig. 3 embodiment of the present invention
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, the technical solution in embodiment is clearly and completely described, following embodiment for illustrating the present invention, but
It is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
The portable measuring method for measuring of the soil mechanical composition of the present invention：
1, the mixing wind desiceted soil 10-20g of 2mm sieves was weighed in 200ml plastic bottles, and six inclined phosphorus of 2-4% is added with graduated cylinder
Acid sodium solution 30-60ml tightly wraps bottleneck with unsintered tape, covers tightly after bottle cap 100-150r/min, 20 DEG C of items in constant temperature oscillation case
1.5-2.5h is vibrated under part.
2, after vibrating, mud in bottle is all crossed into 0.053mm soil with wash bottle and is sieved in 1L beakers, is washed with distilled water more
Several times, it is used in combination the glass bar with Rubber end gently to smash several times, eluate fixing fabric structure is in 400-600ml.By the residue on soil sieve
(sand, 0.05-2mm) is transferred in aluminium box and (weighs in advance) for grains of sand part, stands 5-15min, carefully discards supernatant liquid, wait drying
It is dry.
3, the liquid in beaker is mixed well with glass bar, then stands 90min extremely under the conditions of room temperature (18-24 DEG C)
6h discards suspension, and the powder (silt, 0.002-0.05mm) of precipitation is partly transferred to aluminium box (weighing in advance), stands 10-
20min carefully discards suspension, to be dried.
4, the aluminium box in upper two step is placed in 100-120 DEG C of baking oven drying to constant weight, weighed.
5, it calculating separately sand grains weight and accounts for initial soil mass percent, powder weight accounts for initial soil mass percent,
Clay percentage is calculated by 100%- sand grains %- powders %.
Embodiment 1
Shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, the present invention provides a kind of portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition.
2 rice earth samples that Jiangxi is recommended properly qualified persons for service are picked up from, plant and animal residues are rejected after air-drying, cross 2mm sieves, it is spare.Respectively
The mechanical composition of the two pedotheques is measured using the simple and easy method of hydrometer method and the present invention.Wherein simplified method step is such as
Under：
S1：It weighs the pure calgon 3g of analysis to be dissolved in a certain amount of distilled water, is settled to 100ml.Weighed 2mm sieves
Mixing air-dries soil sample 15g in 200ml plastic bottles, and sodium hexametaphosphate solution 45ml is added with graduated cylinder, covers tightly after bottle cap in constant temperature
120r/min (tightly wrapping bottleneck with unsintered tape) in case is vibrated, vibrates 2h under the conditions of 20 DEG C.
S2：After oscillation, mud in bottle is all crossed into 0.053mm soil with distilled water and is sieved in 1L beakers, band rubber is used in combination
The glass bar of rubber head is gently smash 5 times, washes several times, eluate fixing fabric structure is in 400-600ml more.By the remaining grains of sand portion on soil sieve
Divide (sand, 0.05-2mm) to be transferred in aluminium box and (weigh in advance), stands 10min, carefully discard supernatant liquid, it is to be dried.
S3：The liquid in beaker is mixed well with glass bar, then stands 90min under the conditions of room temperature (18-24 DEG C)
To 6h, suspension is discarded, the powder (silt, 0.002-0.05mm) of precipitation is partly transferred to aluminium box (weighing in advance), is stood
15min carefully discards suspension, to be dried.
S4：Aluminium box in upper two step is placed in baking oven 105 DEG C, and drying to constant weight, weighs.
S5：Sand grains, powder respectively percentage is calculated by formula, and acquires clay percentage.It is shown in Table 1, what the present invention obtained
As a result consistent with traditional hydrometer method result rule, size is close.Such as Fig. 2, result of the present invention and hydrometer method simple regression
Analysis, model R2Reach 0.9848.
Recommend properly qualified persons for service sample simplified method and the hydrometer method of table 1 measures mechanical composition result
Embodiment 2
45 rice soil and moisture soil sample for acquiring Changshu, Jiangsu Province reject plant and animal residues after air-drying, and cross 2mm sieves, standby
With.
20-40 product can be handled simultaneously according to experiment condition, such as oscillation case volume, a batch, this experiment is divided into two batches
It is secondary to handle 45 Changshu pedotheques for completing need to measure.
It is as follows that pedotheque mechanical composition is measured by simplified method step：
S1：It weighs the pure calgon 3g of analysis to be dissolved in a certain amount of distilled water, is settled to 100ml.Weighed 2mm sieves
Mixing air-dries soil sample 20g in 200ml plastic bottles, and sodium hexametaphosphate solution 50ml is added with graduated cylinder, covers tightly after bottle cap in constant temperature
120r/min (tightly wrapping bottleneck with unsintered tape) in case is vibrated, vibrates 2h under the conditions of 20 DEG C.
S2：After oscillation, mud in bottle is all crossed into 0.053mm soil with distilled water and is sieved in 1L beakers, band rubber is used in combination
The glass bar of rubber head is gently smash several times, washes several times, eluate fixing fabric structure is in 400-600ml more.By the remaining grains of sand on soil sieve
Partly (sand, 0.05-2mm) is transferred in aluminium box and (weighs in advance), stands 10min, carefully discards supernatant liquid, to be dried.
S3：The liquid in beaker is mixed well with glass bar, then 4h is stood under the conditions of room temperature (18-24 DEG C), abandons
Suspension is removed, the powder (silt, 0.002-0.05mm) of precipitation is partly transferred to aluminium box (weighing in advance), stands 15min,
Suspension carefully is discarded, it is to be dried.
S4：Aluminium box in upper two step is placed in baking oven 110 DEG C, and drying to constant weight, weighs.
S5：Sand grains, powder respectively percentage is calculated by formula, and acquires clay percentage.
Fig. 3 is above-mentioned Changshu soil mechanical composition axonometric projection, is classified by USDA, and Changshu soil principally falls into silty loam and powder
Matter sticks loam.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition, which is characterized in that it includes step：
S1：Dispersant solution, constant temperature oscillation is added in air-dried soil；
S2：The separated sand from the soil liquid after dispersion；
S3:Powder is detached from the soil liquid after dispersion；
S4：The sand grains and powder for drying separation, weigh；
S5：Calculate soil mechanical composition.
2. a kind of portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the separated sand
Include with the step of separation powder：By the soil liquid sieving after dispersion, separated sand；It is sufficiently stirred sieving turbid solution, is stood,
Detach powder.
3. a kind of portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the dispersant solution
For 2-4% sodium hexametaphosphate solutions.
4. a kind of portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the constant temperature oscillation item
Part is 18-25 DEG C, frequency of oscillation 100-150r/min, and duration of oscillation is 1.5-2.5 hours.
5. a kind of portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the sieving used
Standard soil mesh size is 0.053mm.
6. a kind of portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the separated sand refers to
With distilled water flushing, mud in bottle is all crossed into 0.053mm soil with wash bottle and is sieved in 1L beakers, is washed 3-10 times with distillation, and
It is gently smash several times with the glass bar with Rubber end, eluate volume is 400-600ml.
7. a kind of portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the separated sand refers to
The remaining grains of sand part (sand, 0.05-2mm) on soil sieve is transferred in aluminium box with wash bottle, 5-15min is stood, carefully discards
Supernatant, it is to be dried.
8. a kind of portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that described to be sufficiently stirred
It refers to being mixed well the liquid in beaker with glass bar to sieve turbid solution, then in standing 90min to 6h under room temperature.
9. a kind of portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the separation powder tool
Body refer to pour out suspension (clay,<0.002mm), the powder (silt, 0.002-0.05mm) of precipitation is partly transferred to wash bottle
Aluminium box (is weighed) in advance, is stood 15min, is carefully discarded suspension, to be dried.
10. a kind of portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the S4 baked sands
Grain and powder refer specifically to the aluminium box equipped with sand grains and powder being placed in baking oven, and 100-120 DEG C drying to constant weight, weighs.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810264923.6A CN108548747A (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-03-28 | The portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition |
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| CN201810264923.6A CN108548747A (en) | 2018-03-28 | 2018-03-28 | The portable measuring method for measuring of soil mechanical composition |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109060589A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2018-12-21 | 三峡大学 | A method of measurement soil agreegate |
| CN110749488A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-02-04 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Soil treatment method and method for detecting heavy metals in soil |
| CN111912962A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-11-10 | 中原工学院 | Particle analysis test device for analyzing soil particle grading and use method thereof |
| CN112014263A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-12-01 | 沈阳农业大学 | Improved hydrofluoric acid dissolving method for determining content of volcanic glass in soil |
| CN112945811A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-11 | 上海国齐检测技术有限公司 | Detection method for determining soil granularity by using laser particle analyzer |
-
2018
- 2018-03-28 CN CN201810264923.6A patent/CN108548747A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109060589A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2018-12-21 | 三峡大学 | A method of measurement soil agreegate |
| CN110749488A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2020-02-04 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Soil treatment method and method for detecting heavy metals in soil |
| CN110749488B (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2022-05-10 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Soil treatment method and method for detecting heavy metals in soil |
| CN112014263A (en) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-12-01 | 沈阳农业大学 | Improved hydrofluoric acid dissolving method for determining content of volcanic glass in soil |
| CN111912962A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2020-11-10 | 中原工学院 | Particle analysis test device for analyzing soil particle grading and use method thereof |
| CN112945811A (en) * | 2021-03-15 | 2021-06-11 | 上海国齐检测技术有限公司 | Detection method for determining soil granularity by using laser particle analyzer |
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Application publication date: 20180918 |