CN108541411A - 魔芋三层包衣剂及其应用 - Google Patents

魔芋三层包衣剂及其应用 Download PDF

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CN108541411A
CN108541411A CN201810231242.XA CN201810231242A CN108541411A CN 108541411 A CN108541411 A CN 108541411A CN 201810231242 A CN201810231242 A CN 201810231242A CN 108541411 A CN108541411 A CN 108541411A
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丁海兵
潘牧
陈恩发
魏茹蕙
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Guizhou Institute of Biology
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Abstract

本发明公开了魔芋三层包衣剂及其应用,该包衣剂采用三层包衣结构,包括抑菌防虫层、营养功能层和物理抗压外壳层。该包衣剂的制作原料包括以下成分之一或其组合:链菌唑螯合剂、生长调节剂、速溶硼锌肥、钼酸铵、锌硫磷、羧甲基淀粉钠、脂肪酸皂、聚乙二醇、羧甲基纤维素钠、生石灰、草木灰、滑石粉、硫磺。本发明的第一层包衣剂将防病药剂跟种芋紧密结合,实现最短路抑菌防虫的作用;第二层包衣剂实现了供应种芋营养,有利于促进植株生长和壮苗的形成,提高植株抗性;第三层包衣剂,改变了种芋表皮pH值,并为种芋提供了一层质地较硬的保护壳,解决了魔芋表皮细嫩,容易在搬动、运送、种植等环节造成破皮受损,导致病害发生的问题。

Description

魔芋三层包衣剂及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及农业科技领域,尤其是一种魔芋三层包衣剂及其应用。
技术背景
魔芋是我国一种特色经济作物,种植经济价值较高,比较适宜在山区发展,是我国扶贫攻坚的较好产业。
在生产中,魔芋由于表皮较为细嫩,容易破皮损坏,导致病菌侵入,而魔芋本身富含葡萄甘露聚糖等多糖营养物质,容易成为病菌天然的“培养基”,造成软腐病、白绢病等病害爆发,极大地影响产量和种植效益,严重的甚至会导致基地绝收。
在常规的防治方法中,多是采取晒种、浸种、药剂防病等方法,但对于魔芋病害尤其是软腐病的防治效果不理想。软腐病为细菌性病害,且是土传病害,病菌存留于土中,一般的药剂防控是进行叶面喷施,药剂不能直接跟病菌接触,需要通过地上部分植株内吸传导输送到根部,因此,药效不明显。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种魔芋三层包衣剂及其应用,以解决目前魔芋种植中的病害尤其是软腐病的防治效果不理想的技术问题。
本发明的技术方案是这样的:
一种魔芋三层包衣剂,该包衣剂采用三层包衣结构,包括抑菌防虫层、营养功能层和物理抗压外壳层。
其中,该包衣剂的制作原料包括以下成分之一或其组合:链菌唑螯合剂、生长调节剂、速溶硼锌肥、钼酸铵、锌硫磷、羧甲基淀粉钠、脂肪酸皂、聚乙二醇、羧甲基纤维素钠、生石灰、草木灰、滑石粉、硫磺。
进一步的,该包衣剂各层的组份如下:
第一层抑菌防虫层:按照质量百分比,其组份为:链菌唑螯合剂1.5%~3.5%,锌硫磷2.6%~8.1%,脂肪酸皂0.5~2.5%,羧甲基淀粉钠1.0%~4.5%、聚乙二醇0.5%~2.5%,其余为水;
第二层营养功能层:按照质量百分比,其组份为:链菌唑螯合剂1.2%~3.8%、锌硫磷5.3%~12.4%、赤霉素0.05%~0.3%,吲哚乙酸0.05%~0.25%、速溶硼锌肥0.05%~0.2%、钼酸钠0.1%~0.5%、羧甲基纤维素钠1.0%~3.0%、羧丙甲基纤维素3.5%~8.6%,其余为滑石粉;其中赤霉素和吲哚乙酸作为生长调节剂;
第三层物理抗压外壳层:湿润剂1.0%~3.0%、硫磺0.5%~0.8%、生石灰30%~40%、草木灰20%~35%、滑石粉30~40%,其余为水。
该包衣剂各层的制备方法是:第一层抑菌防虫层的制备方法是先放入水,然后顺序添加脂肪酸皂、聚乙二醇、链菌唑螯合剂、锌硫磷、羧甲基淀粉钠后制得。第二层营养功能层的制备方法是在滑石粉中顺序添加速溶硼锌肥、钼酸钠、羧丙甲基纤维素、生长调节剂、羧甲基纤维素钠、杀虫剂、链菌唑螯合剂混合均匀。第三层物理抗压外壳层的制备方法是将生石灰、硫磺等材料制备成粉状,先用羧甲基纤维素钠和硫磺混匀,然后添加滑石粉混匀,再添加生石灰、草木灰,然后加入水,再次拌合均匀直至粉剂手握成团不松散。
该包衣剂的应用方法具体如下:
S1.播种前一周将种芋进行晒种,将种芋薄铺于地面,用第一层包衣剂进行喷雾处理,待晾干后继续喷施2~3次;
S2.先用第二层包衣剂撒到地面,将S1步骤处理过的种芋进行薄铺,,再将第二层包衣剂撒施于该种芋上,尽量让该种芋跟第二层包衣剂充分接触,晾晒干后备用;
S3.第三层包衣剂:将第三层包衣剂放于敞口器物中,将用S2步骤处理的种芋放入,用第三层包衣剂将种芋进行包裹,然后拿出,晒干,备用。本发明围绕种植业中种源这一核心,通过应用3层包衣技术,,实现抑菌、防虫、营养、物理防护的结合,第一层包衣剂将防病药剂跟种芋紧密结合,实现最短路径、长期持续抑菌防虫的作用;第二层包衣剂实现了供应种芋营养,尤其是微量营养元素,并通过生长调节剂的使用,有利于促进植株生长和壮苗的形成,提高植株抗性;第三层包衣剂,改变了种芋表皮pH值,并为种芋提供了一层质地较硬的保护壳,解决了魔芋表皮细嫩,容易在搬动、运送、种植等环节造成破皮受损,导致病害发生的问题。魔芋三层包衣技术,经贵州省农业科学院生物技术研究所在贵州省魔芋种植基地进行试验示范,取得了明显的效果,值得推广。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。其中涉及的数值或者数值比例,如无说明,均指质量数值或者质量比例。
实施例1:
第一层包衣剂为抑菌防虫层,主要功能是起到抑菌防虫作用,将杀菌剂、杀虫剂紧密与种芋融合,实现在最短路径、最有效范围抑菌防虫,其配方(质量百分比)为:链菌唑螯合剂1.5%~3.5%,锌硫磷2.6%~8.1%,脂肪酸皂0.5~2.5%,羧甲基淀粉钠1.0%~4.5%、聚乙二醇0.5%~2.5%、水86.4%~97.5%。
第二层包衣剂为营养功能层,这是防治病菌的第二道防线,能够为植株生长提供营养元素,当魔芋根系长出后,能够为其提供营养尤其是微量营养元素,从而促进植株生长发育,其配方(质量百分比)为:链菌唑螯合剂1.2%~3.8%、锌硫磷5.3%~12.4%、生长调节剂(赤霉素0.05%~0.3%,吲哚乙酸0.05%~0.25%)、速溶硼锌肥0.05%~0.2%、钼酸钠0.1%~0.5%、水9.6%~12.38%、羧甲基纤维素钠1.0%~3.0%、羧丙甲基纤维素3.5%~8.6%、滑石粉65.6%~78.5%。
第三层包衣剂为物理抗压外壳层,具有调节pH值,使种芋环境不适宜病菌生长,同时,形成一层质地较硬的外壳,能够抵御外力挤压,从而实现对种芋的保护,其配方(质量百分比)为:羧甲基纤维素钠1.0%~3.0%、硫磺0.5%~0.8%、生石灰30%~40%、草木灰20%~35%、滑石粉30~40%。
三层包衣其组份不同,制备和应用方法也不一样,再结合实际生产操作考虑,其配制方法如下:(1)第一层包衣剂先放入水,然后顺序添加脂肪酸皂、聚乙二醇、链菌唑螯合剂、锌硫磷、羧甲基淀粉钠;(2)第二层包衣剂在滑石粉中顺序添加速溶硼锌肥、钼酸钠、羧丙甲基纤维素、生长调节剂、羧甲基纤维素钠、锌硫磷、链菌唑螯合剂混合均匀;(3)第三层包衣剂所用材料制备成成粉状,先用羧甲基纤维素钠和硫磺混匀,然后添加滑石粉混匀,再添加生石灰、草木灰,然后加入水,再次拌合均匀,以粉剂手握刚好能成团不松散为准。
不同功能层的应用包衣方法不一样,具体如下:(1)第一层包衣剂,播种前一周将种芋进行晒种,为节约劳动力,提高生产效率,将种芋薄铺于地面,用包衣剂进行喷雾处理,待晾干后继续喷施2~3次;(2)第二层包衣剂,先用包衣剂撒到地面,将经1层包衣的种芋进行薄铺,再将包衣剂撒施于种芋上,尽量让种芋跟包衣剂充分接触;(3)第三层包衣剂,将包衣剂放于敞口器物中,里面盛适量包衣剂,将经2层包衣处理的种芋放入,将种芋用包衣剂包裹,然后拿出,晒干,备用。
以上只是本发明的具体应用范例,本发明还有其他的实施方式,凡采用等同替换或等效变换形成的技术方案,均在本发明所要求的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种魔芋三层包衣剂,其特征在于:该包衣剂采用三层包衣结构,包括抑菌防虫层、营养功能层和物理抗压外壳层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的魔芋三层包衣剂,其特征在于:该包衣剂的制作原料包括以下成分之一或其组合:链菌唑螯合剂、生长调节剂、速溶硼锌肥、钼酸铵、杀虫剂、羧甲基淀粉钠、脂肪酸皂、聚乙二醇、羧甲基纤维素钠、生石灰、草木灰、滑石粉、硫磺。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的魔芋三层包衣剂,其特征在于该包衣剂各层的组份如下:
第一层抑菌防虫层:按照质量百分比,其组份为:链菌唑螯合剂1.5%~3.5%,杀虫剂毒死蜱2.6%~8.1%,乳化剂0.5~2.5%,羧甲基淀粉钠1.0%~4.5%、聚乙二醇0.5%~2.5%,其余为水;
第二层营养功能层:按照质量百分比,其组份为:链菌唑螯合剂1.2%~3.8%、毒死蜱5.3%~12.4%、赤霉素0.05%~0.3%,吲哚乙酸0.05%~0.25%、速溶硼锌肥0.05%~0.2%、钼酸钠0.1%~0.5%、羧甲基纤维素钠1.0%~3.0%、羧丙甲基纤维素3.5%~8.6%,其余为滑石粉;其中赤霉素和吲哚乙酸作为生长调节剂;
第三层物理抗压外壳层:羧甲基淀粉钠1.0%~3.0%、硫磺0.5%~0.8%、生石灰30%~40%、草木灰20%~35%、滑石粉30~40%,其余为水。
4.根据权利要求3所述的魔芋三层包衣剂,其特征在于:所述第一层抑菌防虫层的制备方法是先放入水,然后顺序添加脂肪酸皂、聚乙二醇、链菌唑螯合剂、毒死蜱、羧甲基淀粉钠后制得。
5.根据权利要求3所述的魔芋三层包衣剂,其特征在于:所述第二层抑菌营养功能层的制备方法是在滑石粉中顺序添加速溶硼锌肥、钼酸钠、缓释剂、生长调节剂、羧甲基纤维素钠、毒死蜱、链菌唑螯合剂混合均匀。
6.根据权利要求3所述的魔芋三层包衣剂,其特征在于:所述第三层物理抗压外壳层的制备方法是将生石灰、硫磺等材料制备成粉状,先用羧甲基纤维素钠和硫磺混匀,然后添加滑石粉混匀,再添加生石灰、草木灰,然后加入水,再次拌合均匀直至粉剂手握成团不松散。
7.一种如权利要求1-6中任意一项所述的魔芋三层包衣剂的应用,其特征在于该应用方法具体如下:
S1.播种前一周将种芋进行晒种,将种芋薄铺于地面,用第一层包衣剂进行喷雾处理,待晾干后继续喷施2~3次;
S2.先用第二层包衣剂撒于地面,将S1步骤处理过的种芋薄铺其上,用喷雾器喷水使种芋湿润,再将第二层包衣剂撒施于该种芋上,尽量让该种芋跟第二层包衣剂充分接触,晾晒干后备用;
S3.第三层包衣剂:将第三层包衣剂放于敞口器物中,将用S2步骤处理的种芋放入,用第三层包衣剂将种芋进行包裹,然后拿出,晒干,备用。
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