CN108536829B - A method of it improving aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle data and generates tile map efficiency - Google Patents

A method of it improving aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle data and generates tile map efficiency Download PDF

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CN108536829B
CN108536829B CN201810320126.5A CN201810320126A CN108536829B CN 108536829 B CN108536829 B CN 108536829B CN 201810320126 A CN201810320126 A CN 201810320126A CN 108536829 B CN108536829 B CN 108536829B
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subtask
hadoop
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CN108536829A (en
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黄璐琦
张小波
郭兰萍
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Institute of Materia Medica of CAMS
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of methods that raising aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle data generate tile map efficiency, it is characterised in that including the following contents: passing through the aerophotogrammetry data in unmanned plane acquisition tasks region;General assignment is uniformly divided into several subtasks according to aerophotogrammetry data and allocation of computer, and exports all subtask marks;Obtained subtask is submitted to identify to hadoop cluster;Tile map is generated according to obtained subtask parallel processing aerophotogrammetry data;The tile of tile map is encoded, and the tile after coding is uploaded to establish in the library hbase and is indexed.The present invention can be widely applied in tile map generation.

Description

A method of it improving aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle data and generates tile map efficiency
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods that raising aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle data generate tile map efficiency, are related to tile map skill Art field.
Background technique
With being constantly progressive for remote sensing technology, remotely-sensed data is increasingly permeating in mankind's daily life, such as mapping, Digital earth, plant monitoring etc..Demand of all trades and professions to remotely-sensed data constantly increases, and remotely-sensed data obtaining means are but relatively not Foot, unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technology are applied to lower operation cost, easy operation as one of main remote sensing technology, the technology Available county domain, regional scope high resolution image data.High resolution image data can generate more massive number According to the visual work of extensive raster dataset usually requires a large amount of pretreatment time at this stage, and main consumption is in image The stages such as splicing, the generation of pyramid tile.The GIS-Geographic Information System such as ArcGIS, MapGIS, Mapnik and geographic information processing library Use tile technology to improve Map Services efficiency, but the existing tile generation method for extensive image data Tile can only be generated one by one, and the data volume of aerophotogrammetry data is bigger, and the calculation amount of existing method will be bigger, generates tile map Efficiency will be lower, the trend that existing method has increasingly increased far from the current aerophotogrammetry data collection scale of adaptation.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems, such as that conventional method generates tile inefficiency, the present invention provides a kind of raising aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle number According to the method for generating tile map efficiency, this method uses hadoop distributed structure/architecture, by calling the library mapnik of open source, and Row generates tile to improve the tile formation efficiency of aerophotogrammetry data.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: a kind of raising aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle data generation tile The method of map efficiency, it is characterised in that including the following contents: pass through the aerophotogrammetry data in unmanned plane acquisition tasks region;According to boat General assignment is uniformly divided into several subtasks by measured data and allocation of computer, and exports all subtask marks;Submit subtask It identifies to hadoop cluster;Tile map is generated according to obtained subtask parallel processing aerophotogrammetry data;Encode tile map Tile, and the tile after coding is uploaded to establish in the library hbase and is indexed.
Further, general assignment is uniformly divided into according to aerophotogrammetry data and allocation of computer by several subtasks, and exports institute The detailed process for thering is subtask to identify are as follows:
1) according to the longitude and latitude range of known picture and the tile number of plies that pre-sets calculate every layer of tile starting, Terminate the transverse and longitudinal value of tile;
2) total tile number is calculated according to every layer of starting, end tile;
3) pass through allocation of computer calculating task number;
4) each subtask is calculated according to aerophotogrammetry data and number of tasks to identify.
Further, 4) detailed process for according to aerophotogrammetry data and number of tasks calculating each subtask mark are as follows:
4.1) aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle data are inputted;
4.2) the tile number that subtask needs to generate is calculated, calculation formula is such as are as follows:
Wherein, h indicates that, from initial layers to end layer tile sum, n indicates the number of tasks being the previously calculated, and d indicates every The tile number of a subtask, since d needs round up, so the tile number of last subtask can be less than d;
4.3) task number of subtask is obtained;
4.4) it using first tile of smallest tier as the starting tile of task 1, traverses to obtain by row major past from starting tile D tile is as the tile to be dealt with of task 1 afterwards, if to current row end tile cumulative total less than d, from next beginning-of-line Continue to add up, if continuing to add up from next layer of starting tile, until being accumulated to d less than d to this layer of last tile cumulative total A tile takes end tile of d-th of tile as the task, this is terminated the latter tile of tile as next task Starting tile, obtain the terminal of next task according to aforementioned rule, and so on, obtain starting point and the end of all tasks Point, the last one task is since tile number can be less than d, then the end tile of the last one task is directly set to the last of maximum layer One tile;
4.5) export subtask mark, the i.e. mark of starting tile and end tile: [" number of plies "-" horizontal axis value "-is " vertical Axis value "].
Further, subtask is submitted to identify to hadoop cluster specifically: to modify the pretreatment class of hadoop: InputFormat pre-processes class with the format of [" task id ", " starting tile "+" terminate tile "] as subtask Mark, key-value pair of the hadoop cluster by the output of InputFormat class with subtask mark is as parallel task Input.
Further, tile map is generated according to obtained subtask parallel processing aerophotogrammetry data specifically: parallel The library mapnik being transplanted on hadoop is called to generate all watts in the mark range of subtask according to the subtask of input mark Piece.
Further, the image processing function of mapnik is transplanted on hadoop, the specific steps are as follows: modification mapnik File system in library makes the modified library mapnik directly operate the file system of hadoop, in operation hadoop file system During system, function is read in the short circuit for having used hadoop, which has bypassed datanode and directly read data to improve Reading speed;Using the streaming function of hadoop, used in hadoop parallel by c++ program modified The library mapnik.
Further, the tile of tile map is encoded using Hilbert encryption algorithm.
Further, user uploads encoded tile map into the library hbase using thrift by c++ program, deposits The row of storage is good for format are as follows: " layer "-" Hilbert encoded radio ", Hilbert encoded radio are the content of corresponding tile.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme, which has the following advantages: 1, the present invention is using in hadoop cluster The parallel computation function of mapreduce module, generates tile map by way of parallel computation, effectively reduces and calculates the time, And in parallel, the present invention reasonably divides subtask according to aerophotogrammetry data and cluster configuration, takes full advantage of cluster resource Further improve tile formation efficiency.2, c++ open source library mapnik is transplanted in hadoop cluster by the present invention, passes through calling The library mapnik operates hadoop file system.3, the present invention utilizes the streaming technology of hadoop, makes that hadoop's is parallel Stage can be completed by c++ program, and it is incompatible effectively to solve the hadoop based on the java and mapnik based on c++ language The problem of.4, general assignment is divided into several subtasks according to the configuration of cluster by the present invention, by every computer in cluster The distributing reasonable computation amount of the task, takes full advantage of the performance of cluster, has the technical effect for improving parallel efficiency calculation.5, originally Invention utilizes thrift technology, and hbase is operated by c++ program, easy to operate.The present invention is with can be widely applied to tile In figure.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the method flow diagram that the present invention improves that aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle data generate tile map efficiency;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention improves hadoop cluster operation in the method for aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle data generation tile map efficiency Flow chart;
Fig. 3 is the stream that the present invention improves that aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle data generate task assignment procedure in the method for tile map efficiency Cheng Tu.
Specific embodiment
Come to carry out detailed description to the present invention below in conjunction with attached drawing.It should be appreciated, however, that attached drawing has been provided only more Understand the present invention well, they should not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
Term is explained: hadoop is a kind of distributed system architecture of open source, can be applied to the exploitation of distributed program; Mapreduce is a kind of programming model of concurrent operation for large-scale dataset, and hadoop carries mapreduce function; Hdfs is hadoop distributed file system;Hbase is a PostgreSQL database distributed, towards column, utilizes hdfs Composition document storage system;Mapnik is one for developing the Open-Source Tools packet of GIS application program, and core is being total to for c++ Enjoy library;Hadoop streaming allows user to operate mapreduce under multi-language environment;Thrift provides operation hbase C++ interface.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the method provided by the invention for improving aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle data and generating tile map efficiency, packet Include the following contents:
1, by the aerophotogrammetry data in unmanned plane acquisition tasks region, specifically: setting unmanned plane task is adopted by unmanned plane The aerophotogrammetry data in set task region, and the aerophotogrammetry data of acquisition is generated into tiff formatted file as source by OpenDroneMap Data.
2, general assignment is uniformly divided into according to aerophotogrammetry data and allocation of computer by several subtasks, and exports all subtasks Mark, detailed process are as follows:
1) every layer is calculated according to the longitude and latitude range of known picture and the tile number of plies (such as 17-23 layers) pre-set The starting of tile, the transverse and longitudinal value for terminating tile.
N=2z
Wherein,Indicate that rounding operation, z indicate the tile number of plies, N indicates z layer one within the scope of the longitude and latitude of input Capable tile number, the transverse and longitudinal value of tile where x, y are respectively indicated, lon indicate that longitude, lat indicate latitude.Such as the longitude and latitude of input Degree are as follows:+118.716 degree ,+30.2878 degree, the tile number of plies is 17, then the transverse and longitudinal value of the tile exported is respectively as follows: x=108759, Y=53955.
2) total tile number is calculated according to every layer of starting, end tile.Specific formula are as follows:
D (z)=(X1(z)-X0(z)+1)*(Y1(z)-Y0(z)+1);
And a0≤a1,
Wherein, z indicates the tile number of plies, and D (z) indicates that tile is total within the scope of longitude and latitude known to z layers of picture, X0And Y0Table Show the horizontal value of starting tile and vertical value, X1And Y1It indicates to terminate the horizontal value of tile and vertical value, a0And a1Indicate preset starting and ending Layer, h are indicated from a0Layer arrives a1Layer tile sum.
3) pass through allocation of computer calculating task number.
The map task quantity that cluster carries out simultaneously is related with the node number and cpu calculated, specific formula for calculation Are as follows:
M=d*k;
Wherein, d indicates the map number of tasks (double-core cpu is defaulted as 2) of each node while operation, and k is indicated based on parallel The number of nodes of calculation, m indicate the map task quantity that cluster carries out simultaneously.
During calculating task number, need to guarantee that the content of each task processing cannot be too small, so to be arranged each The minimum picture number of task processing, can calculate maximum number of tasks divided by minimum picture number by picture sum, finally The number of tasks acquired is the maximum value for meeting map task quantity multiple within maximum number of tasks, specific formula for calculation are as follows:
Q=h/p;
Wherein, p indicates that the minimum tile number of each task processing, h indicate that total tile number, q indicate maximum allowable task Number, n indicate the number of tasks being finally calculated, and m indicates the map task quantity that cluster carries out simultaneously.
4) it as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, calculates each subtask according to aerophotogrammetry data and number of tasks to identify, detailed process are as follows:
4.1) aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle data are inputted;
4.2) the tile number that subtask needs to generate is calculated, calculation formula is such as are as follows:
Wherein, h indicates that, from initial layers to end layer tile sum, n indicates the number of tasks being the previously calculated, and d indicates every The tile number of a subtask, since d needs round up, so the tile number of last subtask can be less than d.
4.3) task number of subtask is obtained, if 48 subtasks are calculated, each subtask distribution is numbered 1 to 48;
4.4) it using first tile of smallest tier as the starting tile of task 1, traverses to obtain by row major past from starting tile D tile is as the tile to be dealt with of task 1 afterwards, if to current row end tile cumulative total less than d, from next beginning-of-line Continue to add up, if continuing to add up from next layer of starting tile, until being accumulated to d less than d to this layer of last tile cumulative total A tile takes end tile of d-th of tile as the task, this is terminated the latter tile of tile as next task Starting tile, obtain the terminal of next task according to aforementioned rule, and so on, obtain starting point and the end of all tasks Point.For the last one task since tile number can be less than d, the end tile of the last one task is directly set to maximum layer most The latter tile.
4.5) export subtask mark, the i.e. mark of starting tile and end tile: [" number of plies "-" horizontal axis value "-is " vertical Axis value "].
Such as: the starting longitude and latitude of aerophotogrammetry data are as follows:+118.716 degree ,+30.2878 degree terminate longitude and latitude are as follows:+ 118.725 degree ,+30.2803 degree, generated total tile number be 908910, number of tasks is 48, then according to Fig. 3 it is available with [" number of plies "-" horizontal axis value "-" longitudinal axis value "] is the starting tile of first subtask of tile format are as follows: [17-108759- 53955], terminate tile are as follows: [23-6960762-3453196], the starting tile of second subtask are as follows: [23-6960763- 3453196], terminate tile are as follows: [23-6960708-3453286] can similarly obtain the mark of other subtasks.It is closed by distribution The subtask of reason, which calculate to the computer in cluster, can make full use of cluster resource, improve computational efficiency.
3, obtained subtask is submitted to identify to hadoop cluster;
As shown in Fig. 2, submitting subtask to be identified to hadoop cluster needs to modify pretreatment class in hadoop, step Specifically:
The pretreatment class of hadoop: InputFormat is modified, pre-processes class with [" task id ", " starting tile "+" end Tile "] mark of the format as a subtask.
Key-value pair of the hadoop cluster by the output of InputFormat class with subtask mark is as parallel task Input, modify such correlation function can it is customized planning subtask processing data volume.
4, tile map is generated according to obtained subtask parallel processing aerophotogrammetry data;
Parallel is identified according to the subtask of input, and the library mapnik being transplanted on hadoop is called to generate subtask mark Know all tiles in range, the mapreduce in hadoop is the high performance parallel computation frame based on cluster, its energy It is automatically performed the parallelization processing of calculating task, it is one kind of divide and conquer, subtask can be allowed only using mapreduce frame Vertical operating on cluster achievees the effect that each subtask parallel processing, if there is 4 dual core machines as datanode for simultaneously Row calculates, and two map tasks synchronizations, which are arranged, in each node carries out, and each map task handles a subtask and generates corresponding watt Piece, a total of 8 tasks are handled in parallel generation tile, the single task compared to single machine, substantially increase the generation of tile Efficiency.Mapnik encapsulates the function that processing image data generates tile map, can be very good using the open source of mapnik The image processing function of mapnik is transplanted on hadoop, the specific steps are as follows:
The file system in the library mapnik is modified, the modified library mapnik is allow directly to operate the file system of hadoop System, during operating hadoop file system, function (short-circuit) is read in the short circuit for having used hadoop, the function Datanode can have been bypassed and directly read data to improve reading speed;
Using the streaming function of hadoop, used in hadoop parallel by c++ program modified The library mapnik.
Seen from the above description, streaming provides multi-language environment to support the parallel computation of hadoop, passes through Streaming can allow the library mapnik and hadoop compatible.
5, tile is encoded, and the tile after coding is uploaded to establish in the library hbase and is indexed.
The present invention encodes processed tile using Hilbert encryption algorithm, and specific Hilbert is encoded The c++ code of journey is as follows:
Hilbert space space filling curve can not will have the data of good sequence to be mapped to one-dimensional sky in high-dimensional space Between, it can be stored together by object adjacent on Hilbert space encoder, ensure that data locality, reduce I/O's Time improves the read-write efficiency of data.
Tile data after uploading coding establishes index, detailed process into the library hbase are as follows:
User uploads encoded tile map into the library hbase using thrift by c++ program, and the row of storage is good for lattice Formula are as follows: " layer "-" Hilbert encoded radio " is worth for the content of corresponding tile.Thrift allows user to pass through c++ language to operate Hbase can make mapnik and hbase compatible.
In conclusion the method basis before this provided by the invention for improving aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle data and generating tile map efficiency The aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle data and cluster configuration of input assign tasks to hadoop cluster, the then parallel processing aerial survey on cluster Data generate tile data, improve the formation efficiency of tile map, are finally encoded to tile data and upload to hbase In library.In terms of image procossing library mapnik and hadoop compatibility, the underlying operating system by modifying the library mapnik makes it Hadoop file system can directly be operated.C++ program is set to exist by using the streaming function of hadoop It calls the library mapnik to carry out image procossing during mapreduce, by using thrift user can be grasped with c++ program Make hbase.The present invention also uses Hilbert coding strong as the row of storage tile data, ensure that the locality of data, subtracts Lack the I/O time, improves the efficiency of hbase index.
It is to be illustrated to preferable implementation of the invention, but the invention is not limited to the implementation above Example, those skilled in the art can also make various equivalent variations or be replaced under the premise of not by spirit of that invention It changes, these equivalent deformation replacements are all included in the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of method for improving aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle data and generating tile map efficiency, it is characterised in that including the following contents:
Pass through the aerophotogrammetry data in unmanned plane acquisition tasks region;
General assignment is uniformly divided into several subtasks according to aerophotogrammetry data and allocation of computer, and exports all subtask mark tools Body process are as follows:
1) starting of every layer of tile calculated according to the longitude and latitude range of known picture and the tile number of plies pre-set, terminated The transverse and longitudinal value of tile;
2) total tile number is calculated according to every layer of starting, end tile;
3) pass through allocation of computer calculating task number;
4) it calculates each subtask according to aerophotogrammetry data and number of tasks to identify, detailed process are as follows:
4.1) aerial survey of unmanned aerial vehicle data are inputted;
4.2) the tile number that subtask needs to generate is calculated, calculation formula is such as are as follows:
Wherein, h indicates that, from initial layers to end layer tile sum, n indicates the number of tasks being the previously calculated, and d indicates every height The tile number of task, since d needs round up, so the tile number of last subtask can be less than d;
4.3) task number of subtask is obtained;
4.4) it using first tile of smallest tier as the starting tile of task 1, traverses to obtain from starting tile d backward by row major Tile is as the tile to be dealt with of task 1, if continuing to current row end tile cumulative total less than d from next beginning-of-line It is accumulative, if continuing to add up from next layer of starting tile less than d to this layer of last tile cumulative total, until being accumulated to d watts Piece takes end tile of d-th of tile as the task, this is terminated to the latter tile rising as next task of tile Beginning tile obtains the terminal of next task according to aforementioned rule, wherein aforementioned rule specifically: by new starting tile, press Row major traverses to obtain that d tile is as the tile to be dealt with of task 2 backward from starting tile, if accumulative to current row end tile Sum then continues to add up less than d from next beginning-of-line, if to this layer of last tile cumulative total less than d, from next layer Beginning tile continues to add up, and until being accumulated to d tile, takes end tile of d-th of tile as the task, this is terminated tile Starting tile of the latter tile as next task, and so on, obtain the beginning and end of all tasks, last A task is since tile number can be less than d, then the end tile of the last one task is directly set to the last one tile of maximum layer;
4.5) subtask mark, the i.e. mark of starting tile and end tile: [" number of plies "-" horizontal axis value "-" longitudinal axis are exported Value "];Subtask is submitted to identify to hadoop cluster;
Tile map is generated according to obtained subtask parallel processing aerophotogrammetry data;
The tile of tile map is encoded, and the tile after coding is uploaded to establish in the library hbase and is indexed.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein subtask is submitted to identify to hadoop cluster specifically: repair Change the pretreatment class of hadoop: InputFormat, pre-processes class with the lattice of [" task id ", " starting tile "+" terminating tile "] Mark of the formula as a subtask, Hadoop cluster pass through key-value pair of the InputFormat class output with subtask mark Input as parallel task.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein being generated according to obtained subtask parallel processing aerophotogrammetry data Tile map specifically: parallel calls the library mapnik being transplanted on hadoop to generate son according to the subtask of input mark All tiles within the scope of task identification.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the image processing function of mapnik is transplanted to hadoop On, the specific steps are as follows:
The file system in the library mapnik is modified, so that the modified library mapnik is directly operated the file system of hadoop, is grasping During making hadoop file system, function is read in the short circuit for having used hadoop, which has bypassed datanode and directly read Access is according to improve reading speed;
Using the streaming function of hadoop, modified mapnik is used by c++ program in hadoop parallel Library.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein the tile of coding tile map is calculated using Hilbert coding Method.
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, user uploaded by c++ program using thrift it is encoded Tile map into the library hbase, the row of storage is good for format are as follows: " layer "-" Hilbert encoded radio ", Hilbert encoded radio are The content of corresponding tile.
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